Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complement profiles on 22 hypocomplementemic patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type I, on 11 with MPGN II, and on 16 with MPGN III, gave evidence that the nephritic factor of the amplification loop (NFa) is responsible for the hypocomplementemia in MPGN II and the nephritic factor of the terminal pathway (NFt) for the hypocomplementemia in MPGN III. In contrast, in MPGN I, there was evidence for three complement-activating modalities, NFa, NFt, and immune complexes. As a result, four different patterns of complement activation were seen. NFa, found in MPGN II, produces a complement profile characterized mainly by C3 depression. In addition, four of seven (57%) severely hypocomplementemic MPGN II patients (C3 less than 30 mg/dL) had slightly depressed levels of factor B, and one of seven (14%) of properdin, but in all the C5 concentration was normal. In contrast, all eight severely hypocomplementemic patients with MPGN II had depressed C5 and properdin levels, and six of eight (75%) depressed levels of C6, C7, and/or C9. Of eight MPGN III patients with moderate hypocomplementemia, 50% had depressed C5 and properdin levels and the remainder, depressed C3 only. This spectrum of profiles is most likely produced by varying concentrations of NFt. In MPGN I, nine of 23 (39%) had a profile indicating only classical pathway activation; seven of 23 (39%), a pattern compatible with NFt alone; four of 23 (9%), evidence for both classical pathway activation and NFt; and three of 23 (13%), a pattern compatible with NFa. The unique multifactorial origin of the hypocomplementemia in MPGN I, often giving evidence of classical pathway activation, together with previously reported differences in glomerular morphology and clinical features at onset, makes it distinct from MPGN III. Depressed C8 levels were found to some extent in all hypocomplementemic states. The levels were uncommonly depressed in patients with NFa, most markedly depressed with NFt, and moderately reduced with classical pathway activation. The cause is not known. Diagnostically, profiles showing classical pathway activation and low levels of C6, C7, and/or C9 are specific for MPGN I. Those showing only classical activation are likewise diagnostic of MPGN I if systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic bacteremia are ruled out.
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PMID:Patterns of complement activation in idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, types I, II, and III. 220 97

The influence of oestrogen on the lupus disease in MRL/l mice has been investigated. Adult, castrated male and female MRL/l mice were administered with s.c. injections of 3.2 micrograms of 17 beta-oestradiol twice a week. The results clearly demonstrate that a relatively small dose of oestrogen is a potent accelerator of the lupus disease in this mouse strain. Thus, administration of oestrogen accelerates glomerulonephritis, lymphoproliferation and mortality. Our results also indicate that oestrogen exerts a dual effect on the immune system of MRL/l mice by depression of antigen-specific and mitogen-induced T cell responses as well as enhancement of polyclonal B cell activation and autoantibody formation. In addition, even short-term administration of oestrogen in the preclinical phase of the disease resulted in long-lasting effects as evaluated by reduced longevity and aggravation of renal disease.
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PMID:Oestrogen is a potent disease accelerator in SLE-prone MRL lpr/lpr mice. 237 93

Characteristics of the membranous lesion are usually the capillary wall thickening in morphology and the clinical manifestation of a nephrotic syndrome. As entities of such a lesion the following types of glomerulonephritis (GN) could be considered: (peri-) membranous GN, garland type of postinfectious GN, and membranoproliferative (MP) GN. The morphological, especially the electronmicroscopical observations relative to separate immune deposit locations in the capillary wall--subendothelial, intramembranous, subepithelial--are the basis to differentiate the diseases as entities. The characteristic finding of the (peri-) membranous GN is the presence of subepithelial immune deposits along the capillary walls, which are separated by "spikes" and later on are incorporated into the basement membrane, while some of the deposits became rarefied; on the other hand, new subepithelial deposits can be observed when the disease of the most common idiopathic form starts again after a period of remission.--The deposits of the garland type of the postinfectious GN--the disease is more often a chronic progressive process than the other types of postinfectious GN--are in a subepithelial location. In contrast to the former the deposits vary in size and number and only some capillary walls are affected.--In type I of the MPGN the immune deposits are located mainly in a subendothelial position, often together with a mesangial interposition in such a manner, that the capillary wall has the appearance of "double contour" histologically. The most striking change of type II is the presence of dense deposits in the lamina densa of the capillary basement membrane ("dense deposit GN"). In type III of MPGN the deposits are located in all three positions of the capillary wall--subendothelial, intramembranous, subepithelial--and the lamina densa is markedly disrupted (little or no affinity for silver in thin sections after silver impregnation). Concerning the entity of the 3 types of MPGN, the depression of serum complement and the complement activating C3-nephritis factor are persistent features of type II, while these findings are obvious only in 50% of type I and III-diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical pathology of the glomerulus--from phenomenon to entity. The membranous lesion]. 248 36

We have studied a girl seven and a half years old with a renal disease manifested by proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome combined with initial macroscopic hematuria normal blood pressure and persistent depression of the complement C3 levels with the complement activating gamma globulin (C3 Nef) present in serum. The anatomopathological study showed findings of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II with intramembranous deposit (dense deposit disease). An unusual association with partial lipodystrophy was present in this case. A follow-up of five years, and a few considerations about etiopathogenic theories were presented.
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PMID:[Partial lipodystrophy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Apropos of a case]. 267 78

A Leptospira interrogans serogroup australis serovar lora infection in a stud farm is reported. During three successive years (1984-1986) clinical leptospirosis with a severe often rapid, fatal course was seen in 12 foals. Clinical examination revealed severe respiratory distress, depression and pyrexia. Other symptoms were diarrhea (2), jaundice (1), and an unsteady gait (1). Morphological characteristics of the disease were massive pulmonary haemorrhage and haemorrhagic-thrombotic or extracapillary glomerulonephritis with tubulonephrosis and interstitial oedema. In most foals high or increasing MAT titres to serovar bratislava were found; from one foal Leptospira interrogans serovar lora was isolated. Serological examination of all 56 mares at the farm (August 1986) revealed antibodies to serovar bratislava in 64 per cent of the animals. These findings support the idea that Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava and closely related strains (in this study serovar lora) may be adapted to and maintained by the horse population.
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PMID:Clinical Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis serovar lora infection in a stud farm in The Netherlands. 278 10

Measurements of serum C3 through C9 are reported for patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I (MPGN I), MPGN II, and MPGN III. Except in MPGN II, depressed C5 levels correlated with depressed C3 levels. In MPGN II, levels of C5 and of other terminal components were normal. In MPGN III, markedly depressed levels of C7 through C9 correlated strongly with depressed levels of C3 and C5. C6 was less severely depressed. In MPGN I, terminal component levels were less often depressed than in MPGN III and in AGN, depression of terminal components was seen only when levels of C3 and C5 were extremely low. The data indicate that late terminal components are activated in MPGN III to a greater extent than in the other nephritides despite C5 activation approximately equal in extent to that in AGN and MPGN I.
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PMID:Serum terminal complement component levels in hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritides. 291 23

Two cases of childhood nephrotic syndrom (NS) were diagnosed in September 1981 and February 1982, respectively. The patients were first cousins. There was no other family history of renal disease. Five months after onset of nephrosis in 1 patient and 1 month after onset of nephrosis in the other both had an intercurrent measles infection and the NS rapidly went into spontaneous remission. However, relapses occurred 3 and 7 months later. At that time both patients were started on steriod treatment and obtained remission. Unfortunately, both relapsed again 14 months later. Kidney biopsies were performed, the pathologic findings demonstrated that both were mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The mononuclear cell subsets and lymphoproliferative responses were studied during the acute measles infection, 4 weeks later, in remission and relapse of NS. The mononuclear cell subsets and lymphoproliferative response in medium containing autologous serum with complement were decreased during the acute measles infection. Both patients had an increase of OKT8 cells and Leu-7 cells in relapse and a decrease in remission. Taken together, natural measles infection caused a prolonged depression of cell-mediated immunity, T cell subset and induced a temporary remission of steroid-sensitive NS.
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PMID:Histopathological and immunological studies in spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome after intercurrent measles infection. 348 7

Between May and December 1984, an epizootic of leptospirosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) occurred along the west coast of the United States from Monterey County, Calif, northward to Seattle, Wash. Clinical signs observed were severe depression, excessive thirst, and tucked-up posturing, with associated leukocytosis and increased globulin, BUN, and creatinine values. Effective antibiotic therapy consisted of tetracycline (22 mg/kg of body weight every 8 hours, orally) or potassium penicillin G (44,000 U/kg every 12 hours, orally or IM) for 10 to 14 days. Sixty-six sea lions were treated successfully and released. Necropsies of animals that died indicated marked kidney swelling, darkened reniculi, and poorly differentiated cortices and medullae, thick, black bile in gallbladders, thick, pale yellow pericardial fluid, and friable hemorrhagic mesentery. Primary histologic lesions were tubular nephritis and glomerulonephritis. Darkfield microscopy of kidney macerates and/or urine, and results of the microscopic agglutination test, using Leptospira serovar pomona-killed antigen led to a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. Bacteriologic isolation and identification is ongoing. The epizootic primarily affected juvenile or subadult male California sea lions migrating northward from breeding rookeries of southern California's Channel Islands.
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PMID:An epizootic of leptospirosis in California sea lions. 407 25

As part of a larger study of serial complement profiles in glomerulonephritis plasma C3 and C4 concentrations were measured using commercially available immunodiffusion plates. A total of 303 samples were obtained from 128 patients suffering from forms of nephritis associated with hypocomplementaemia-namely, lupus nephritis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (M.C.G.N.), and acute glomerulonephritis.These simple measurements of C3 and C4 gave clinically useful information. In lupus nephritis C3 and C4 generally correlated and C4 concentrations were more often and more profoundly depressed than C3 concentrations. Neither C3 nor C4 concentrations alone correlated well with the antinuclear factor titre.In both acute glomerulonephritis and M.C.G.N. the C3 concentrations were frequently lower than 20% of normal (which was never the case in patients with lupus), while the C4 concentration was usually normal and was almost never depressed in the absence of C3 depression. This suggests activation of complement at the C3 level by the "bypass" pathway in acute nephritis as well as in M.C.G.N., though both may be operating in some patients. In acute glomerulonephritis but not in M.C.G.N. C3 concentrations returned to normal within eight to 12 weeks.The two varieties of M.C.G.N. identified by the site of the deposits in the capillary glomerular walls differed in their C3 levels. In 10 patients with intramembranous dense linear deposits the C3 was always low over very long periods of time, rising in three out of four patients only after transplantation and immunosuppression. Other patients with M.C.G.N., in contrast, often showed normal C3 concentrations. Concentrations of C4 did not differ in either group, being normal in 80% of samples from all types.
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PMID:Plasma C3 and C4 concentrations in management of glomerulonephritis. 420 Apr 78

Six female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) have been treated with chlorambucil. In five the decision was taken after failure by corticosteroids to control progressive renal disease in the face of unacceptable corticosteroid toxicity. After the introduction of chlorambucil renal function improved and all patients remain well six, six, five, three, and two-and-a-half years later, respectively. On renal biopsy five had focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. Repeat biopsy in two cases showed quantitative improvement. The sixth patient was treated with chlorambucil because of failure by corticosteroids to control peripheral vascular lesions and haemolysis and she remains well four years later. In four patients is it probable that amenorrhoea was related to chlorambucil treatment, but there were no other important side effects although one patient developed a degree of marrow depression during treatment. Chlorambucil may hold advantages over the immunosuppressive drugs normally recommended in this condition, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide, as it appears less liable to cause important marrow suppression and, unlike cyclophosphamide is not associated with alopecia and haemorrhagic cystitis.
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PMID:Treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus including nephritis with chlorambucil. 470 7


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