Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperprolactinemia, or elevated levels of prolactin in blood, is a normal physiologic post-partum response in lactating women. Non-lactating women with hyperprolactinemia often present during the reproductive years since they may have amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or both. Hypersecretion of prolactin is most commonly due to pituitary adenomas. Women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea are often quite anxious, depressed and hostile. It has been hypothesized that these psychological symptoms might antecede the onset of hyperprolactinemia and that hyperprolactinemia may be associated with early developmental problems and may be psychogenic in origin. Twenty patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and twenty-one normoprolactinemic patients with amenorrhea had an interview covering psychiatric history in order to establish whether they had ever met DSM-III criteria for functional nocturnal enuresis at one time during their childhood. While seven out of twenty (35%) patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea were found to have had functional enuresis during their childhood, only two out of twenty-one (9.5%) normoprolactinemic amenorrheic women reported having had functional enuresis. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (chi-squared: 3.88; p less than 0.05). We postulate that early stress and developmental problems may present in children as psychological distress and functional enuresis and in women as psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression) and hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
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PMID:Childhood's enuresis in the history of women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. 272 4

Data are presented on risk factors for childhood psychopathology derived from a study of an island-wide probability sample of children in Puerto Rico aged 4 through 16 years. Analyses estimated the effects of 12 demographic, health, and family variables on the probability of being a "case," using two different operational definitions of caseness, as well as on the probability of receiving the diagnoses of oppositional disorder, attention deficit disorder, separation anxiety, depression, functional enuresis, and adjustment disorder. When compared to other findings, the results from these analyses indicate that the relationship between maladjustment and the risk factors evaluated does not appear to be culturally specific.
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PMID:Risk factors for maladjustment in Puerto Rican children. 280 53

The importance of the psychological aspects in treating the enuretic patient is often underestimated. The author reports 13 patients with functional enuresis, whose emotional implications of the symptom are very clear. In 7 patients a psychodiagnostic evaluation, with colloquia, tests, play and drawing, was carried out: the personality and family features of the children resulted similar to those described in literature (a too close mother-child relationship preventing child's separation, with both aggressiveness against mother and regression; depression; a difficult sexual identification). In 3 patients a psychotherapy lasting more than 6 months was undertaken. Psychologic care and short psychotherapy were always useful to relieve the neurotic symptoms connected with enuresis and to better child's personality; in some patients, they were not completely successful on the symptom, because this persisted although the number of episodes was reduced. The clinical approach depends on the type of enuresis. A psychologic care of the patients with secondary enuresis and of children with neurotic personality is necessary; in the other cases it is advisable to set up a therapeutic alliance with the child against his symptom, and to deal with the depressive traits related to it. We have to think of enuresis not as a border between organic and psychological, but as a problem in which the two aspects are closely linked together without excluding each other. The author believes that psychotherapy with enuretic patients is frequently lasting.
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PMID:[Functional enuresis. Which is the border between the organic and the pathological?]. 892 65