Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial coagulation studies were done in four women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. All had coagulopathy, laboratory evidence of diffuse intravascular coagulation, and marked depletion of plasma antithrombin III. Two of these women had persistent intravascular coagulation for 4 days after delivery. The others had prompt control of intravascular coagulation coincident with elevation of the antithrombin III concentration by plasma transfusion. Severe antithrombin III depression may be a major cause of the persistent intravascular clotting and can be corrected by plasma transfusion.
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PMID:Severe depression of antithrombin III associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in women with fatty liver of pregnancy. 683 76

Nine pregnant, nonlactating cows were used to monitor liver triglycerides before and after parturition. Estimates were made of the contribution of depressed feed intake and parturition to plasma NEFA concentrations and development of fatty liver. Liver biopsies and plasma samples were obtained on d 19, 10, 5, 3, and 1 prior to calving and on d 1, 7, 14, and 21 after calving. Depression of DMI started on d 2 prior to calving and was 40% of DMI on d 3 prior to depression of feed intake. Elevation of plasma NEFA concentrations started prior to DMI depression, on d 5 before parturition. Liver triglyceride infiltration did not occur until the concentration of plasma NEFA was maximized on d 1 after calving. This result implicated the acute rise in NEFA at calving as a contributing factor to triglyceride accumulation in the liver. The increasing plasma glucose and decreasing plasma BHBA prior to calving may have reflected metabolic changes toward gluconeogenesis. Liver glycogen decreased 70% during the final 19 d prior to calving. Hepatic triglyceride infiltration (7.7% DM basis) on d 1 post-partum and duration of DMI depression prepartum were less severe than those observed in previous studies. Frequent liver biopsies did not affect DMI.
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PMID:Peripartum liver triglyceride and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. 808 10

Hepatic lipidosis occurs when lipid mobilized to the liver exceeds lipid leaving the liver via formation of very-low-density lipoproteins or by oxidation. Hepatic lipidosis in cats is associated with overt liver dysfunction. In affected cats, excess lipid is mobilized to the liver because of starvation. Removal of hepatic lipid may be impaired because of protein malnutrition, a relative carnitine deficiency, or oxidative damage to peroxisomes and other hepatic organelles. Hepatic lipidosis occurs in adult cats, and is manifest by signs of weight loss, depression, vomiting, and icterus. Diagnosis is achieved by evaluating laboratory and diagnostic imaging data, in conjunction with a liver biopsy. Aggressive tube feeding is the treatment of choice. With this treatment, survival rates are 60% to 80%.
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PMID:Feline hepatic lipidosis. 905 87

Chronic administration of a soybean-derived polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) extract prevents the development of cirrhosis in alcohol-fed baboons. To assess whether this phospholipid also affects earlier changes induced by alcohol consumption (such as fatty liver and hyperlipemia), 28 male rat littermates were pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of energy either as ethanol or as additional carbohydrate for 21 d, and killed 90 min after intragastric administration of the corresponding diets. Half of the rats were given PPC (3 g/l), whereas the other half received the same amount of linoleate (as safflower oil) and choline (as bitartrate salt). PPC did not affect diet or alcohol consumption [15.4 +/- 0.5 G/(kg.d)], but the ethanol-induced hepatomegaly and the hepatic accumulation of lipids (principally triglycerides and cholesterol esters) and proteins were about half those in rats not given PPC. The ethanol-induced postprandial hyperlipemia was lower with PPC than without, despite an enhanced fat absorption and no difference in the level of plasma free fatty acids. The attenuation of fatty liver and hyperlipemia was associated with correction of the ethanol-induced inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of palmitoyl-1-carnitine and the depression of cytochrome oxidase activity, as well as the increases in activity of serum glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases. Thus, PPC attenuates early manifestations of alcohol toxicity, at least in part, by improving mitochondrial injury. These beneficial effects of PPC at the initial stages of alcoholic liver injury may prevent or delay the progression to more advanced forms of alcoholic liver disease.
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PMID:Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenuates alcohol-induced fatty liver and hyperlipemia in rats. 927 63

In forty-five Holstein Frisian dairy cows (1-6 weeks post partum; mean age: 5.1 +/- 1.2 years) the serum total bile acid concentrations (SBA) were measured enzymatically. In all cows a left sided abomasal displacement was corrected surgically by right side laparotomy and omentopexy three days before investigation. The liver fat content was determined in all cows histologically. Liver failure was assumed if typical clinical signs (ataxia, general depression, recumbency or coma), an increased venous plasma ammonia level (> 35 mumol/l) and a decreased plasma amino acid index (< 4.0) were found. Cows without liver failure (N = 29) were grouped according to the liver fat content as cows with mild (N = 5), moderate (N = 19) or severe hepatosteatosis (N = 5). Histological examination of liver biopsies in cows with liver failure (N = 16) revealed in twelve cases a severe fatty liver and in four cases a hydropic degeneration of the liver tissue. Although in cows without liver failure mean SBA concentrations were higher in the group with moderate (47.3 +/- 30.9 mumol/l) or severe fatty liver (32.9 +/- 21.7 mumol/l) than in that with mild lipidosis (18.0 (16.8 mumol/l), differences were not significant. The mean SBA concentration in cows with liver failure (70.5 +/- 49.5 mumol/l) was only significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to cows with uncomplicated mild hepatic lipidosis. In conclusion, the determination of SBA concentrations is of little value in the recognition of fatty liver or even liver failure due to the considerable variance of SBA concentrations in dairy cows.
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PMID:Total serum bile acid concentrations in dairy cows with fatty liver and liver failure. 1002 57

In dairy cows, overfeeding during the dry period leads to overcondition at calving and to depression of appetite after calving. As a consequence, at calving overconditioned high-producing dairy cows inevitably go into a more severe negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum than cows that have a normal appetite. During the period of NEB, the energy requirements of the cow are satisfied by lipolysis and proteolysis. Lipolysis results in an increased concentration of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. In the liver, these NEFA are predominantly esterified to triacylglycerols (TAG) that are secreted in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). In early lactation in cows with a severe NEB, the capacity of the liver to maintain the export of the TAG in the form of VLDL in balance with the hepatic TAG production is not always adequate. As a result, the excess amount of TAG accumulates in the liver, leading to fatty infiltration of the liver (hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver). The NEB and/or fatty liver postpartum are frequently associated with postparturient problems. In general, a severe NEB induces changes in biochemical, endocrinological, and metabolic pathways that are responsible for production, maintenance of health, and reproduction of the postparturient dairy cow. These changes include a decrease in blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and an increase in blood NEFA concentrations. High NEFA concentrations caused by intensive lipolysis are accompanied by impairment of the immune system, making the cows more vulnerable to infections. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis, milk fever, and displaced abomasum are related to overcondition at calving. The changes in biochemical, endocrinological, and metabolic pathways are associated with delay of the first visible signs of oestrus, an increase in the interval from calving to first ovulation, a decrease in conception rate, and a prolonged calving interval. It is possible that the increased blood NEFA concentration directly impairs ovarian function.
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PMID:Relationship between overfeeding and overconditioning in the dry period and the problems of high producing dairy cows during the postparturient period. 1042 30

An experiment was conducted to determine if initiation of milking 10 d prior to expected calving could prevent fatty liver by circumventing intake depression and by providing an alternative route for fatty acid metabolism. Prepartum milking tended to increase DMI before calving; liver triglyceride, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, and milk yield were not affected.
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PMID:Short communication: effects of prepartum milking on dry matter intake, liver triglyceride, and plasma constituents. 1065 64

The number of obese and overweight Oklahomans and Americans has grown both steadily and rapidly in the last few decades. Along with this increase in weight, doctors now see a higher proportion of chronic, degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and osteoarthritis. Poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress and time management contribute to weight problems and illness. Lifestyle changes have no side effects or risks, other than the perceived challenge of implementing and maintaining them. Healthier habits offer multiple organ system benefits including weight control, less anxiety and depression, improved energy, better sleep, and lower rates of gastrointestinal problems, such as reflux, gallstones, and fatty liver. By providing accurate and comprehensible information, doctors can motivate and support patients to better safeguard their health and manage their weight. This article will suggest specific phrases to use in the framework of motivational interviewing, as discussed in the first article, Part I, in this 3-part series.
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PMID:Putting prevention into practice: counseling patients to prevent and decrease obesity. 1602 2

A 3-year-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was presented for the evaluation of a palpable intra-abdominal mass in the left caudal abdomen. The cat had a history of anorexia, depression and prolonged estrus over a period of about 1 month. Smears prepared from a fine needle aspirate of the mass revealed large round to oval cells arranged individually or in loose clusters surrounded by pink, fibrillar matrix material. Cytoplasm was basophilic, with many variably-sized vacuoles and variable numbers of small purple granules. The vacuoles within the cells were strongly positive with Oil-Red-O stain. The cytologic features were most suggestive of a neoplasm of epithelial cell origin or inadvertent aspiration of a fatty liver. At laparotomy, the mass was found to involve the left ovary. Histologically, the tumor consisted of dense sheets and nests of irregular polyhedral, pleomorphic cells with abundant, finely vesiculated cytoplasm. The tumor cells were separated into lobules by strands of connective tissue. Based on histologic evaluation, a diagnosis of ovarian luteoma was made. In this report, we document the cytologic and histologic features of an uncommon feline tumor, a luteoma, and address its possible misdiagnosis as hepatic lipidosis when using cytology alone to make a diagnosis.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal mass aspirate from a cat in heat. 1613 78

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6-7% of reproductive-aged women. Although the diagnostic criteria for PCOS have been debated, it is frequently characterized by hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern hair loss), oligo-anovulation, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. The reproductive and metabolic complications associated with the syndrome can be serious, so a comprehensive approach to the evaluation and treatment of affected women is important. Menstrual cycle control is necessary to prevent endometrial hyperplasia, and this can be accomplished with hormonal contraception, progesterone therapy, and weight loss (if overweight). In women desiring pregnancy, commonly used ovulation induction therapies include weight loss, clomiphene citrate, and/or metformin. Cosmetic issues such as hirsutism, acne and male-pattern hair loss can be challenging to cope with. Treatment options include estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptive agents, antiandrogens, and topical agents. More permanent hair reduction can be achieved with electrolysis and laser therapy. Evaluation of metabolic complications includes risk assessment for diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Women with PCOS should also be screened for sleep apnea, as this has been reported to occur more commonly in women with PCOS. Finally, mental health issues such as depression and eating disorders may be present. Many of the complications associated with PCOS can be managed with therapeutic lifestyle change, including a healthy diet, exercise, weight loss (if overweight), and psychological support. Pharmacological therapies are also available to effectively regulate menstrual cycles and manage cosmetic complications. This article will review the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in PCOS.
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PMID:Comprehensive clinical management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 1759 39


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