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Three observer-based narcissism scales were developed from factor scores based on a California Q-set (CAQ) narcissism prototype. Each of the three scales--Willfulness, Hypersensitivity, and Autonomy--correlated with observer and self-report narcissism measures in the derivation sample of 105 women and a cross-validation sample of 175 men and 175 women. California Psychological Inventory (CPI), Adjective Check List (ACL), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) correlates and partner ACL ratings suggested that the Willfulness scale represents self-assuredness, rebelliousness, and exhibitionism characteristic of overt or phallic narcissism. The correlates of the Hypersensitivity scale included depression and introversion along with rebelliousness and hostility, indicative of covert narcissism. The Autonomy scale was correlated positively with creativity, empathy, achievement-orientation, and individualism, and thus assesses a healthy variant of narcissism.
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PMID:Three narcissism scales for the California Q-set. 154 44

This study developed a Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI) description of the narcissistic personality in a nonclinical population. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the MMPI were administered to two samples of 57 and 173 subjects. A correlational analysis produced a cross-validated positive relationship between narcissism and MMPI mania (Ma) and cross-validated negative relationships between narcissism and MMPI depression (D), psychasthenia (Pt), social introversion (Si), anxiety (A), repression (R), and ego control (Ec). A correlational analysis of the 7-factor components of the NPI (Authority, Exhibitionism, Superiority, Vanity, Exploitativeness, Entitlement, and Self-Sufficiency) and the MMPI validity, clinical, commonly scored, and content scales suggests that the seven NPI components reflect different levels of psychological maladjustment. Narcissistic Entitlement and Exploitativeness reflect the most maladjustment, whereas narcissistic Authority reflects the least maladjustment. In addition, a profile analysis of the high NPI scorers suggest that a 98/89 MMPI profile with an elevated F score is most representative of the narcissistic personality in nonclinical samples.
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PMID:An MMPI description of the narcissistic personality. 291 59

The authors have described three cases of voyeurism. They could state the following with regard to the psychopathological connections, the effect of the consumption of alcohol and the question of sanity: 1. In two cases, the sexual drive anomaly remained permanently hidden in the conduct of life. One case was an episodical depression associated with voyeurism and exhibitionism. 2. The effect of the alcohol has not only promoted the occurrence of the abnormal sexual drive but also caused an aggressiveness and dangerous incautiousness. 3. The soundness of mind was in no case restricted.
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PMID:[The voyeur behavior and its modification under the influence of alcohol]. 741 55

Epilepsy can be accompanied by changes in cognition, personality, affect, and other elements of behavior. There is no single epileptic constitution or personality complex. A unifying theme to the behavior in epilepsy is diversity. As one looks at the behavioral traits reported in epilepsy, a specific and consistent pattern is lacking. Rather, extremes of behavior are accentuated: sometimes in one direction, often in both directions. Changes in emotional state are prominent among behavioral features in epilepsy. Some authors describe a prominent deepening or increase in emotionality, whereas others identify a global decrease in emotional life and content. Emotional lability is also reported. Sexuality and libido are typically decreased, but fetishism, transvestism, exhibitionism, and hypersexual episodes also occur. Concerns over morality may be lacking or exaggerated. Patients may be irritable and aggressive or timid and apathetic. The impressive list of people with epilepsy in politics, religion, arts, and sciences suggests a positive expression of this behavioral spectrum. Psychosis, depression, paranoia, and personality disorders may represent a negative pole of epilepsy-related behavioral changes. The most important aspect of behavioral changes in epilepsy for physicians is to recognize and treat dysfunctional behavior. Depression is a common problem that is often unrecognized and untreated. Other treatable problems include impotence, anxiety, panic attacks, and psychosis. Identifying risk factors will, it is hoped, assist in developing methods to prevent these disorders.
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PMID:Behavioral changes associated with epilepsy. 844 66

Complex motivations for abortion not perceived by some doctors, the scale and reality of abortion in medical practice, unconscious fantasies experienced by some abortionists, and the reactions of general practitioners, psychiatrists, and gynecologists to abortion are discussed. Most women are in a state of acute stress when they request abortion, psychological suffering based on normal ambivalence or sometimes on personality problems. Some doctors are incapable of accepting pluralism, of separating morality from psychology, and do not realize the numbers of abortions being performed. Some analysts have found voyerism, exhibitionism, aggression, oedipal conflicts and manicheanism inherent in the act of abortion by a male operator. General practitioners, usually the 1st to be approached, see a panicked woman ready to agree to anything in order to convince the doctor to grant her an abortion; they often respond by treating her as a symptom. Psychiatrists may range from very analytical to perfunctory in signing the required form. They are faced with the paradox that only healthy women can handle an abortion, but only in neurotic women are abortions justified. Gynecologists have problems because abortion patients rarely return for other care, forcing them to perform abortion procedures only. Some develop depression, hypersexuality, or even become opposed to abortions.
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PMID:[Doctors and their resistance to abortion]. 1233 83

Clinical features of 47 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy are analyzed and treatment of this disorder is outlined. Twenty-four per cent of all cases of epilepsy seen by one of the authors over a two-year period were of this type. Fifteen of these 47 patients had a history of birth injury. Care must be taken to distinguish the symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy from those of acute anxiety or hysteria and to differentiate the short-lived temporal lobe attack from centrencephalic petit mal.Interictal personality disturbances were identified in 11 of 24 persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, four of 35 with focal epilepsy from all other areas, and one of 17 with centrencephalic epilepsy. Personality deviations most frequently encountered were irritability, aggressiveness, bouts of depression, paranoid tendencies and exhibitionism. Medical or surgical treatment often improves the personality abnormalities concomitantly with control of seizures.
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PMID:TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A CLINICAL STUDY OF 47 CASES. 1422 3

The ancient figure of Baubo plays a pivotal role in the Greek myth of Demeter and Persephone with an exhibitionistic act that brings Demeter out of her depression. The Baubo episode raises questions about the meaning of female exhibitionism, suggesting divergences from earlier psychoanalytic conceptualizations as either a perversion or a compensation for the lack of a penis. In line with contemporary thinking about primary femininity, such as that of Balsam or Elise, the authors propose a more inclusive understanding of female exhibitionism, which would encompass pleasure in the female body and its sexual and reproductive functions. They argue that female exhibitionism can reflect triangular or "oedipal" scenarios and the need to attract the male, identification with the mother, competition or camaraderie with other women, a sense of power in the female body and its capacities, as well as homoerotic impulses. The authors posit a dual early desire and identification with the mother that underlie and characterize female sexual development. The authors present clinical data from adolescent and adult cases of female exhibitionism which illustrate these Baubo-like aspects and discuss the technical issues that are involved in such cases.
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PMID:Female exhibitionism: identification, competition and camaraderie. 2247 32

Narcissism is a truly Janusian phenomenon, consisting of both narcissistic grandiosity, exhibitionism, admiration-seeking, boldness, and dominance on the one hand, and narcissistic vulnerability, introversion, withdrawal, hypersensitivity, and anxiety on the other hand. While there is broad consensus that these two seemingly contradictory faces of narcissism can be empirically discerned and have different implications for psychological functioning and mental health, there is not yet agreement on whether grandiose and vulnerable narcissism should be regarded as independent traits or as two manifestations of one personality trait. Previous research indicates that both views hold true when the level of grandiosity is considered a moderating factor: while grandiose and vulnerable narcissism are largely unrelated in the range of normal personality variation, they are correlated in the range of high grandiosity (Jauk et al., 2017b). Here, we replicate and extend this work in an independent sample (N = 891) using a more comprehensive narcissism inventory grounded in a new trifurcated model of narcissism. The trifurcated model partitions narcissism into three main personality dimensions: agentic extraversion, antagonism, and neuroticism. We found a significant breakpoint in the association between narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability at 75% cumulative frequency of grandiosity. While grandiosity and vulnerability are unrelated below this breakpoint (r = 0.02), they are strongly correlated above (r = 0.45). In the lower range of grandiose narcissism, grandiosity draws more upon agentic extraversion and is largely associated with mental health. In the upper range, however, grandiosity is more strongly linked to antagonism and is substantially associated with fear, negative affect, and depression. These findings provide evidence for the view that grandiose and vulnerable narcissism are distinct traits at lower levels of grandiosity, but blend into an antagonistic core with signs of psychological maladjustment at higher levels. Implications for research on narcissism as a personality trait, as well as clinical practice, are discussed.
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PMID:The Higher the Score, the Darker the Core: The Nonlinear Association Between Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism. 3015 Sep 50