Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Side effects of cisplatin and carboplatin include nausea, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, nephrotoxicity, hearing loss, bone marrow depression, and rarely Lhermitte's sign and allergic reactions. A unique case of idiosyncrasy related to carboplatin administration was observed in a young woman treated for ovarian cancer. Symptoms and signs included skin rash, shortness of breath, and redness of face and upper trunk, without drop in blood pressure or change in heart rate, and were resolved within a short time following administration of hydrocortisone and promethazine.
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PMID:Carboplatin-related idiosyncrasy. 884 91

Lamotrigine blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels, leading to inhibition of neuronal release of glutamate. Release of glutamate may be essential in the propagation of spreading cortical depression, which some believe is central to the genesis of migraine attacks. This study compared safety and efficacy of lamotrigine and placebo in migraine prophylaxis in a double-blind randomized parallel-groups trial. A total of 110 patients entered; after a 1-month placebo run-in period, placebo-responders and non-compliers were excluded, leaving 77 to be treated with lamotrigine (n = 37) or placebo (n = 40) for up to 3 months. Initially, lamotrigine therapy was commenced at the full dose of 200 mg/day, but, following a high incidence of skin rashes, a slow dose-escalation was introduced: 25 mg/day for 2 weeks, 50 mg/day for 2 weeks, then 200 mg/day. Attack rates were reduced from baseline means of 3.6 per month on lamotrigine and 4.4 on placebo to 3.2 and 3.0 respectively during the last month of treatment. Improvements were greater on placebo and these changes, not statistically significant, indicate that lamotrigine is ineffective for migraine prophylaxis. There were more adverse events on lamotrigine than on placebo, most commonly rash. With slow dose-escalation their frequency was reduced and the rate of withdrawal for adverse events was similar in both treatment groups.
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PMID:Lamotrigine versus placebo in the prophylaxis of migraine with and without aura. 913 45

With up to 100 million cases annually, dengue fever is today's most important arboviral disease. Dengue fever is endemic in many parts of South-East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Oceania and the Americas. The disease mainly affects the local population, but occasionally also visitors from non-endemic areas. In this article we present epidemiological and clinical data on all 26 cases with serological confirmed dengue fever diagnosed in Norway in 1991-1996. 21 patients (81%) were infected in Asia. Typical exanthema, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were seen in 71%, 79% and 84% of the cases, respectively. A 37-year-old Indian-born woman developed dengue haemorrhagic fever grade 1 after a visit to New Delhi, while the remaining 25 patients had classical dengue fever. Postinfectious complications were common, and four weeks after the acute illness, hair loss, mental depression and asthenia were reported by 45%, 50% and 100% of the cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Dengue fever imported to Norway. Serologically confirmed cases 1991-96]. 944 67

The most menacing complication of herpes zoster in immunocompetent elderly people is chronic pain or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The cardinal epidemiological feature of PHN is its striking relationship to aging. Among zoster patients over 60 years old, estimates of the occurrence of PHN, defined as pain 1 month after rash onset, vary from 27 to 68%. The pathogenesis of PHN is incompletely understood but seems to involve varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-induced damage of peripheral afferent neurons and resultant changes in central afferent neurons and efferent pain-modulating neurons. PHN improves over time in many elderly patients, but an unfortunate subset experience of debilitating pain lasts for years. They experience constant and/or intermittent spontaneous pain and stimulus-evoked pain such as allodynia or hyperpathia. The outcomes of this pain include fatigue, sleep disturbance, anorexia, depression, social withdrawal, impaired activities of daily living and profound lowering of quality of life. The management of PHN is hampered by two problems: (1) a uniformly effective treatment for PHN is not available (although tricyclic antidepressants, local or regional anaesthetics, capsaicin, opiates, anticonvulsants and physical therapies are sometimes useful); and (2) early antiviral therapy of zoster may be ineffective in preventing PHN, partly related to the fact that days of VZV replication and neuronal destruction have occurred by the time the patient reaches the doctor. A potential solution to the problem of PHN is the vaccination of elderly persons with the varicella vaccine to prevent or attenuate zoster or PHN.
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PMID:Postherpetic neuralgia in immunocompetent elderly people. 977 54

Although a 76-year-old woman with a diagnosis of depression began a course of maprotiline, the drug was discontinued after 14 days when she developed a rash. She was started on lofepramine in substitution for maprotiline. Four years later, lofepramine treatment was stopped and to amoxapine treatment introduced due to the aggravation of depressive symptoms. On the second day of this regimen, she developed a pruritic rash. She stopped the medication immediately. Because the rash disappeared gradually, lofepramine treatment was restarted. But her recovery was restrained and new skin lesions developed. Again, she stopped the medication, and the rash cleared within several days. This case suggests the existence of cross-allergenicity between tricyclic antidepressants and maprotiline.
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PMID:[A case of allergic cross reaction between tricyclic antidepressants and maprotiline]. 986 28

Recent reports have documented human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) as a cause of high fever, bone marrow depression, and rash in liver transplant recipients in the absence of another known pathogen. We describe a 49-year-old liver transplant recipient who developed confusion, occipital headache, and involuntary movements of the limbs 3 weeks after orthotopic liver transplantation. HHV-6 was detected in the peripheral blood using a rapid culture assay. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction for HHV-6 was also positive. No other pathogens were identified. The patient improved after commencement of intravenous ganciclovir therapy. This case suggests HHV-6 needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained confusion in liver transplant recipients.
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PMID:Encephalopathy associated with human herpesvirus 6 in a liver transplant recipient. 1047 48

Linked administrative health care utilization databases offer potential benefits for postmarketing surveillance. The value of the Saskatchewan datafiles in an acute adverse event signalling scheme has been evaluated using two benzodiazepines. The first 20,000 patients dispensed lorazepam and the first 8525 patients dispensed alprazolam were followed through the datafiles over the year after their initial prescription of the relevant drug, and all medical services occurring during treatment were recorded. The most frequent adverse drug reactions to benzodiazepines are drowsiness, depression, impaired intellectual function and memory, lethargy, impaired coordination, dizziness, nausea and/or vomiting, skin rash, and respiratory disturbance. Data from our study showed that sleep disorders, depressive disorders, dizziness and/or vertigo, respiratory symptoms, esophagus and stomach disorders, and inflammatory skin conditions occurred significantly more often in the first 30 days after the initial prescription than in the succeeding six months in both drug groups, indicating that they are important adverse events. There are several limitations to the methodology; however, the results of the analysis indicate that the use of administrative health care utilization datafiles in a systematic assessment to signal potential acute adverse drug reactions is a feasible proposition, but further studies are required to assess whether events are real adverse reactions.
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PMID:Acute adverse event signalling scheme using the Saskatchewan Administrative health care utilization datafiles: results for two benzodiazepines. 1049 68

Although lupus cardiomyopathy is thought to be clinically uncommon, we encountered 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over a 10 year period who had severe left ventricular dysfunction and showed remarkable improvement in their cardiac function after cytotoxic therapy. All patients met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for classification of SLE and presented with signs of severe biventricular failure relatively early in their disease. Concurrent manifestations of SLE at the time of cardiomyopathy included rash, arthritis, myalgias, pleuritis, pericarditis, and nephritis. Four of the 6 patients were taking prednisone 20 mg/day at the time heart failure developed. In all cases the CPK were normal. Evaluation of cardiac function by echocardiogram and/or radionuclide gated blood pool scintigraphy revealed a severe depression of ventricular function with initial left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ranging from 11 to 34% (mean 19%). Within 6 months of initiation of cytotoxic treatment all patients showed a dramatic response: the post-treatment LVEF ranged from 25 to 55%. This series of patients suggests that cardiomyopathy may be a more common complication of SLE than previously reported. Cardiomyopathy occurs relatively early in the course of SLE, may lead to severe cardiac dysfunction despite corticosteroid therapy, and appears to be responsive to cytotoxic therapy.
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PMID:Dramatic improvement of left ventricular function after cytotoxic therapy in lupus patients with acute cardiomyopathy: report of 6 cases. 1052 51

The utility of gabapentin and lamotrigine for the treatment of bipolar disorder is reviewed. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood fluctuations, including mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed episodes. Extrapolation of postulated mechanisms of anticonvulsant activity in bipolar disorder has led to the use of the newer anticonvulsants gabapentin and lamotrigine for therapy. Both agents appear promising on the basis of limited (often anecdotal) evidence. They may prove effective in patients with difficult cases of bipolar disorder, such as patients with rapid cycling, mixed episodes, and illness refractory to other treatments. Lamotrigine may offer a much-needed treatment alternative for bipolar depression and could be found effective for acute mania, but the need for slow dosage adjustment and the risk of rash may limit overall clinical utility. Gabapentin may offer significant advantages for acute mania: The dosage can be adjusted rapidly, adverse effects are generally minimal, the therapeutic index is high, there is no required laboratory monitoring, and there is minimal potential for interactions with other psychotropics. Until the results of randomized controlled trials are known, however, these two agents should be reserved for patients with bipolar disorder unresponsive to traditional therapies and for patients who cannot tolerate traditional agents. Preliminary evidence indicates that gabapentin and lamotrigine may be useful for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
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PMID:Gabapentin and lamotrigine in bipolar disorder. 1055 11

A generalized allergic reaction to or anaphylaxis from honeybee sting may involve the skin with erythema, puritus, urticaria, or angioedema; the respiratory tract with laryngeal edema, and brochospasm; the cardiovascular system with myocardial depression, hypotension, and shock; and the gastrointestinal system with nausea, vomiting, and incontinence. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage following a honeybee sting has never been reported. We describe a previously healthy 14-year-old girl who developed acute pulmonary hemorrhage, hypotension, and generalized skin rash after a single honeybee sting on her right fourth finger. Her serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was high (360 IU/mL). Chest X-ray revealed perihilar alveolar infiltrative lesions. Metabolic acidosis and hypoxemia were also found. After treatment with antihistamines, dopamine, corticosteroids, bronchodilaters, fluid replacement, and mechanical ventilation, her condition improved dramatically. A hypersensitivity reaction to honeybee venom is the most likely explanation for this unusual case of acute pulmonary hemorrhage.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary hemorrhage following a honeybee sting: a case report. 1059 91


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