Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three beta1-selective beta-blocker (metoprolol, practolol and H 87/07) were compared in 29 patients with stable angina pectoris. The main pharmacological difference between the three beta-blockers was their intrinsic stimulating activity (I.S.A.), metoprolol being devoid of I.S.A., practolol having moderate I.S.A. and H 87/07 having high I.S.A. Each drug was given in randomized order and the length of each cross-over period was 2 weeks. Daily activity was measured by an automatic step-counter, and subjective symptoms and nitroglycerin consumption were registered on a diary-card. Objective data, such as ECG changes and exercise capacity, were obtained by bicycle ergometer tests performed at the end of each period. At rest, the heart rate was significantly lower on metoprolol than on practolol or H 87/07. During exercise, the heart rate was significantly higher on H 87/07 than on practolol or metoprolol. No other haemodynamic differences were found between the three beta-blockers. No differences were found between the three test periods with regard to daily activity, expressed as the number of steps walked, while on the beta-blocker with high I.S.A., H 87/07, the attack rate and nitroglycerin consumption were significantly higher than when the patients were on metoprolol and practolol. No difference was found between the three beta-blockers with regard to total work or exercise time until 1 mm of S-T segment depression. Except for one patient who experienced a severe exanthema on practolol, the three beta-blockers were equally well tolerated.
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PMID:A comparative study of three beta 1-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs with different degree of intrinsic stimulating activity (metoprolol, practolol and H 87/07) in patients with angina pectoris. 3 Mar 88

A patient with tuberculous meningitis developed a pellagra-like skin eruption after treatment with isoniazid. Administration of the drug was continued, and a topical preparation of niacinamide (nico-tinamide) was applied to one half of the face and the back of one hand. The areas treated responded rapidly, and subsequently all affected areas of the patient were treated, with almost complete resolution of the rash. At the same time, there was noticeable improvement in the patient's depression and apathy. We suggest that all of these changes could be due to percutaneous absorption of niacinamide.
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PMID:Topically applied niacinamide in isoniazid-induced pellagra. 12 35

Gross and microscopic lesions of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF) are described in 10 rhesus monkeys that survived from 30 to 78 days after subcutaneous inoculation with a dose of 10(3) plaque-forming units (PFU) of Machupo virus, a dose which produces a severe and generally fatal disease. Six of the monkeys had been given low doses of homologous immune globulin when initial signs of infection appeared. Monkeys exhibited clinical signs in two phases. The initial signs of acute infection which began to appear about 1 week following inoculation included: diarrhea, depression, anorexia, dehydration, and skin rash. The survivors of this early phase of the illness usually showed improvement before relapsing into the second (or chronic) phase, which was characterized clinically by central nervous system disturbances including incoordination, tremors, convulsions, paresis, and muscle atrophy. Microscopic lesions were similar in both immune globulin-treated and untreated animals. These included widespread lymphoreticular infiltrates in the walls and adventitia of blood vessels of the brain, spinal cord, pancreas, intestine, liver kidney, adrenal, parathyroid, heart, and skeletal muscle. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltrates not confined to the vascular or perivascular tissues were present to a variable degree in many of these and other organs. Several monkeys exhibited lymphocytic inflammation of the choroid, meninges, peripheral nerves, and ganglia.
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PMID:Pathology of chronic Bolivian hemorrhagic fever in the rhesus monkey. 18 94

The phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response of lymphocytes from seven patients with natural rubella infection was investigated during the acute, early and late convalescence stages of disease. When the lymphocytes were cultured in autologous serum, a moderate depression of the response, following stimulation with PHA in both optimal and suboptimal concentrations was obtained two weeks after the onset of exanthema (early convalescence). Two months later (late convalescence), the lymphocyte stimulation response had returned to almost normal values. On the other hand, lymphocytes incubated in pooled homologous serum reacted normally to PHA in optimal concentrations at all three stages. Determination of T- and B-lymphocytes did not reveal any change in the relative proportion of T-lymphocytes during the course of the disease. However, in late convalescence, a significant decrease in the relative number of B-lymphocytes was recorded.
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PMID:Mitogen stimulation and distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes during natural rubella infection. 30 4

Serial complement component (C3 and C4) determinations were performed in 26 children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-one children with SLE had 52 episodes of C3 depression (mean duration 25 weeks); only 11 of these children had active nephritis when serum concentrations of complement were depressed. Fourteen children had active rash associated with low C3; in seven of these children rash was the only clinical evidence of disease activity. Ten children had active CNS disease; in seven children the CNS involvement correlated with low C3. In general, variations in serum concentrations of C4 did not reflect changes in SLE activity which were not reflected by changes in serum concentrations of C3. Serum C4 occasionally remained depressed longer than C3, perhaps reflecting continuing subclinical disease activity. Increased C3 occurred in 18 of 26 children as doses of corticosteroid were increased, in six of 14 when cyclophosphamide was added, and in two children when hydroxychloroquine was added. Our findings suggest that a wide variety of manifestations of childhood SLE may produce hypocomplementemia. In addition to renal disease, variations in serum concentrations of C3 and C4 can reflect, or occasionally predict, changes in rash and CNS disease.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood correlations between changes in disease activity and serum complement levels. 95 59

Between May and September 1973, 68 cases of scrub typhus in Chinese military personnel on the Pescadores Islands were studied. The common symptoms and signs were fever, chills, headache, eschar, myalgia, and lymph node enlargement. Most eschars were located in the axilla, waist, groin and genitals, and neck. These lesions were painless and not noticed by the patients themselves. Regional lymph node enlargement at the site of eschar drainage was common. Relative bradycardia with fever was observed in 40%, a skin rash in 35% of the patients. Leucopenia was noted more frequently in the febrile than in the convalescent stage, but more than half of the patients had a normal count. Lymphocytosis was prominent, especially during the convalescent period. An acceleration of ESR was noted. Instead of depression of the erythroid series in the marrow which was reported previously, 47% of examined patients were found to have erythroid hyperplasia. Two patients showed marked hypocellularity of the marrow in the acute febrile stage; later on became normocellular. Albuminuria was present in 15 and BUN increased in 12 patients. Elevation of serum bilirubin and SGOT was also noted. Biologic false positive VDRL tests were observed in nine patients. In 30 tests elevation of Proteus OX-K titres between 1:160 and 1:640 was noted. A geometric mean OX-K titre rise in the patients is presented; the mean titre reached a peak in the third week of illness, and then fell off. Most of the patients were treated with tetracycline 500 mg every six hours for about nine days. The fever usually subsided within 36 hours. Complications or mortality were not encountered.
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PMID:Clinical observations of scrub typhus on Penghu (the Pescadores Islands). 117 79

Depression of cellular and humoral immunity can result in an overwhelming infection with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Infections in which the densities of mites are very high are known as Norwegian, or crusted, scabies. Cases of Norwegian scabies have been reported sporadically in patients with AIDS, but the appearance of the rash on these patients can be very misleading because of the diffuse papular or psoriasiform presentation. Such patients may readily transmit scabies to others. Since the disease is curable, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any persistent papular or psoriasiform rash on a patient with AIDS.
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PMID:Norwegian scabies in a patient with AIDS. 157 23

The rapid infusion of vancomycin produces histamine release resulting in rash ("red-man's" syndrome) and hypotension. Because this phenomenon has been described primarily in healthy subjects, we prospectively studied the rapid infusion of vancomycin in 16 critically ill patients after open heart surgery in an attempt to document histamine release with resulting hemodynamic changes, and to see if there is any correlation with vancomycin levels. After establishing baseline hemodynamic stability and histamine levels, 1 g vancomycin diluted in 50 mL of 5% dextrose was infused over 30 min. Cardiac index, heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary venous pressures, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances remained unchanged during the infusion. Although the mean plasma vancomycin level increased to a peak of 69 +/- 20 micrograms/mL after 20 min of the infusion before declining, mean plasma histamine levels in 15 of the 16 patients remained within the normal range during the infusion. In one patient a baseline histamine level (2.8 ng/mL) more than three times the normal before the vancomycin infusion increased further during the infusion (3.0, 4.9, and 5.0 ng/mL at t = 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively), and remained elevated (2.9 ng/mL) 30 min after the infusion. This patient developed the red-man's syndrome, although there were no hemodynamic changes. There was no evidence of myocardial depression in any of the patients. In conclusion, we safely infused a concentrated solution of vancomycin into critically ill patients over 30 min without any adverse hemodynamic changes. One patient developed the red-man's syndrome. There was no correlation between peak vancomycin levels and the release of histamine in this patient population.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of rapid vancomycin infusion in critically ill patients. 169 40

Forty-three patients with disseminated refractory malignancies each received an individually specified combination of either Adriamycin (n = 24) or mitomycin-C (n = 19) conjugated to a cocktail of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Cancers were typed with both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry using a panel of antibodies. Cocktails of up to six antibodies were selected based on total binding of greater than 80% of the malignant cells in the biopsy specimen. These mAb cocktails were then drug conjugated, safety tested, and administered intravenously. The Adriamycin immunoconjugates were well tolerated in 22/24 patients, with 17/24 having significant side effects. Fever, chills, pruritus, and skin rash were by far the most common transitory reactions. All were well controlled with premedication. A total of up to 1 g Adriamycin and 5 g mAb were administered to each patient. The limiting factor appeared to be a variable dissociation of active Adriamycin from the antibody that unpredictably caused hemopoietic depression. Similar findings were noted among 19 patients treated with mitomycin-C conjugates. Thrombocytopenia at a 60-mg dose of mitomycin-C in this schedule was dose limiting. Serological evidence suggested that the development of an immunoglobulin M antibody specific against the mouse mAb had the specificity and sensitivity to predict clinical reactions. These antibodies were quantitatively less in mitomycin-C-treated patients. Selected patients were retreated. One patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was treated on three occasions with regression of peripheral lymph nodes. Two patients with breast carcinoma had definite improvement in ulcerating skin lesions, and two patients with tongue carcinoma had shrinkage of their lesions. No responses were seen with mitomycin-C conjugates but binding was noted to tumors. Drug-induced colitis was seen at higher doses with some binding of these conjugates to normal colon epithelium. This study demonstrated the feasibility of preparing individually specified drug immunoconjugate cocktails for patients with refractory malignancies. Cocktail formulation and antibody delivery to the tumor in vivo was accomplished. There was limited antigenic drift among various biopsies within the same patient over time. The major technical hurdle continues to be the selection of effective drug conjugation methods to optimally bind drugs to mAbs for targeted cancer therapy.
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PMID:Custom-tailored drug immunoconjugates in cancer therapy. 176 66

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly described among black children in Africa despite being more frequent among some black adult populations than their white counterparts. The first black South African child with SLE is documented. The patient was a 10-year-old girl who had fever, facial rash (with complement (C4) deposited at the dermo-epidermal junction of normal skin), weight loss, central nervous system involvement (depression, withdrawal, retinal exudates), renal involvement (glomerular filtration rate 54 ml/min/1.73 m2; membranous nephropathy with mild mesangial proliferation; World Health Organisation classification Vb), alopecia, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, positive Coombs test, hypeocomplementaemia, anti-DNA antibodies and positive anti-nuclear factor.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus in a black South African child. First documented case report. 198 78


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