Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Slaughterer's guns ("humane killers") are powder-activated cattle skull impacting tools. Today mechanical stunning is typical for country like regions, because in the municipal slaughter-houses electrical stunning of pigs and ruminants is preferred. In rare cases these weapons are used for suicide. They then cause penetrating brain lesions and if the victim survives the brain-damage, an encephalitis caused by the impacted material results. The neurosurgical treatment is to revise the gunshot canal and to remove impacted fragments of bone and contaminated skin (imprimat) under antibiotic cover. A psychiatric treatment of the mostly underlying depression and a rehabilitative treatment should complete therapy. So treatment of slaughterer's gun injury should have a multidisciplinary approach.
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PMID:[Therapy of head injuries caused by animal slaughter guns]. 1262 90

The pathogenicity for cats of EHV-9, a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus, was assessed by intranasal inoculation with 10(6) plaque-forming units. Four cats killed 4, 5, 6 or 10 days after inoculation showed neurological signs consisting of hyper-excitability and aggressiveness, followed by tremors, occasional convulsions, and depression. Histologically, the cats showed severe encephalitis characterized by neuronal degeneration and loss, intranuclear inclusions, perivascular cuffing and gliosis in the cerebrum. A positive immunohistochemical reaction for EHV-9 antigen was seen in degenerating neuronal cells. The lesions extended from the olfactory bulb to the rhinencephalon and hippocampus. All cats had rhinitis, with or without intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasal mucosa, and interstitial pneumonia. These findings indicate that the cat, like certain other species such as the goat, is susceptible to experimental infection with EHV-9, and may be at risk from natural infection.
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PMID:Experimental infection with equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9) in cats. 1263 87

In a study of the spinal fluid chloride levels at the time of admission to hospital in a series of 1,788 cases of suspected meningitis, it was noted that the chloride content was not depressed in poliomyelitis, viral meningitis and encephalitis. In pyogenic meningitides, the spinal fluid chlorides were moderately depressed. More pronounced depression was noted in tuberculous and fungal meningitides.
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PMID:Chloride content of the cerebrospinal fluid. 1370 67

Relapsing polychondritis (RP), which shows pain, swelling and destruction of the affected parts, is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting cartilage. We report a patient with RP that affected skull cartilage, who subsequently developed multifocal meningoencephalitis. The patient presented with severe recent memory disturbance, anxiety and moderate depression. MRI study showed bilateral median temporal lobe lesions including hippocampi and amygdaloidal bodies, abnormal findings that disappeared after treatment with high-dose steroids. This is thought to be the first case of RP presenting amnesic syndrome and mental disorder associated with nonparaneoplastic limbic encephalitis involving bilateral hippocampi and amygdaloidal bodies detected by MRI.
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PMID:Nonparaneoplastic limbic encephalitis with relapsing polychondritis. 1514 Jun 11

We report two cases of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) that differed in their clinical patterns, the underlying tumours, and the associated paraneoplastic antibodies. The first patient was a young adult male, with anti-MA-2 antibodies and testicular tumour. The clinical picture was restricted to limbic involvement. The second patient was a 56-year old, female heavy smoker; with seizures and depression, but also vertigo and diplopia. A low level of serum anti-Hu antibodies led to the detection of a small cell lung carcinoma by total body PET-scanning. In both cases, intrathecal synthesis of CSF oligoclonal IgG bands and of the corresponding paraneoplastic antibodies was demonstrated.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: diagnostic relevance of CSF analysis and total body PET scanning. 1550 68

The authors followed nine patients with Nipah virus encephalitis over the course of 24 months. Eight of the nine developed psychiatric features assigned to the encephalitis. Three patients developed major depressive disorder immediately after recovering from the encephalitis, and two developed depression approximately 1 year after the outbreak. Two patients developed personality changes, and two suffered chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychological testing was accomplished in eight of the nine patients. Deficits in attention, verbal, and/or visual memory were substantial in seven of the eight patients tested. Verbal memory was more impaired than visual memory in these patients. Comparison between psychiatric and cognitive impairment and total number of brain lesions showed no discernible trends.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric sequelae of Nipah virus encephalitis. 1561 78

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare neurological consequence of a variety of cancers, most commonly originating from lung, breast and testis. The aetiology is believed to be immune-mediated, caused by tumour-induced autoimmunity launching an attack against one's own central nervous system. The patient may present with amnesia, depression, anxiety, seizures and/or personality changes. The onset of these symptoms may precede the diagnosis of malignancy by a period of up to 2 years. The malignancy may be occult and unless the syndrome is recognised, it may fail to be detected. The diagnosis of PLE is suggested by the clinical picture, MRI evidence of mesial temporal lobe abnormality and CSF abnormalities such as the presence of oligoclonal bands. It may be further supported by the presence of paraneoplastic antibodies in the serum. Immunosuppression has been tried in some cases but memory impairment is often irreversible. There are several case reports in the literature of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis but few emphasise the resulting impact that this may have on the patient's quality of life and their carers. The accompanying amnesia is often far more distressing to the carers, who are aware of the limitations of treatment of the underlying malignancy. Hospices offer the appropriate palliative environment for such patients as well as physical and psychological respite to the carers.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. 1570 28

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed in a flock of African penguins. Diagnosis was based on history and clinical signs and confirmed via serologic testing, virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and histologic examination. Clinical signs in penguins included anorexia, behavior changes, depression, regurgitation, ataxia, recumbency, and seizures, and some penguins did not have any clinical signs. Mean +/- SD number of days that affected penguins had clinical signs was 12 +/- 5 days. Abnormalities initially detected on CBC included heterophilic leukocytosis and anemia; lymphocytosis and monocytosis were detected later. Plasma biochemical abnormalities included high activities of aspartate amino-transferase and creatine kinase, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperglycemia, and high concentrations of globulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Mean +/- SD number of days required for resolution of CBC and plasma biochemical abnormalities was 67 +/- 24 days after the onset of clinical signs. Treatment consisted of supportive therapy. All penguins survived with the exception of one that was euthanatized; histopathologic findings were consistent with encephalitis. Results of RT-PCR assays performed on tissue from the right cerebrum of the penguin that was euthanatized were positive for EEE viral RNA. An inability to isolate virus several weeks after illness suggested successful viral clearance in recovered penguins. To the authors' knowledge, EEE infection in any penguin species has not been reported.
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PMID:Eastern equine encephalitis in a flock of African penguins maintained at an aquarium. 1598 91

Whether chronic hallucinations belong to the natural history of untreated Parkinson disease (PD) remains undetermined. For early authors such as Gowers or Charcot and his followers, hallucinations that occurred in the course of PD either accompanied the final phase of the disease or reflected comorbidities. However, a few authors observed that hallucinations could occur in PD patients with severe depression, confusion, or dementia. Interest in hallucinations with parkinsonism increased with the outbreak of von Economo encephalitis, as they were more frequent than in PD, provoking new pathophysiologic questions. Later studies on mental symptoms in parkinsonism were often based on series that pooled patients with PD and postencephalitic syndromes, confounding a clear analysis. It remains difficult to estimate the prevalence of hallucinations in the natural course of PD before the introduction of levodopa therapy. The lack of prospective studies, the wide early use of anticholinergics and ergots compounds, and the absence of dementia with Lewy bodies in the nosology of the time are further limitations. Even with these limitations, historical descriptions of PD from the prelevodopa era suggest that hallucinations may be part of PD itself, especially in the context of late dementia, depression, or nonspecific encephalopathy.
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PMID:Hallucinations in Parkinson disease in the prelevodopa era. 1640 53

During the past decade, numerous molecular mediators of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders have been identified and validated, yet few novel therapies have emerged and the unmet medical needs remain high. These molecular mediators belong to target classes such as ion channels, neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors, cytokines, growth factors, enzymes and other proteins. In some cases, substantial pre-clinical validation exists, but the molecular target has not been readily druggable with small molecules, proteins or antibodies. RNA interference represents a therapeutic approach applicable to such non-druggable targets. Both non-viral and viral delivery strategies are being undertaken for in vivo silencing of molecular targets by RNA interference, which has resulted in robust efficacy in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, ALS, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, anxiety, depression, neuropathic pain, encephalitis and glioblastoma. These proof-of-concept data in animal models, together with the commencement of clinical trials using RNA interference for macular degeneration and respiratory syncytial virus infection, point to the potential of direct RNA interference for neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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PMID:Therapeutic potential of RNA interference for neurological disorders. 1681 77


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