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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients attending their family practitioner with emotional disturbance manifesting predominantly as anxiety were treated once daily for 4 weeks with either a pure anxiolytic, potassium clorazepate, or a formulation of a specific antidepressant together with an anxiolytic, fluphenazine/nortriptyline, in accordance with a double-blind, completely randomized design. After the first week the patients receiving fluphenazine/nortriptyline were showing a better response in terms of total symptomatology as well as anxiety, tension and depression taken separately, and after 4 weeks treatment this trend reached statistically significant levels on both the physicans' ratings and the patients' self-ratings for overall symptomatology (p less than 0-05) as well as anxiety and tension on the physicians' scale (p less than 0-01). Side-effects were infrequent, with the exception of drowsiness which was complained of by 42% of the patients receiving clorazepate. Although simple and convenient to take, a once daily benzodiazepine formulation of fixed dose is likely to be too inflexible to achieve optimal therapeutic effect in many patients. These results are in accord with accumulating evidence for the importance of a depressive aetiology underlying the majority of so-called anxiety states in family practice. Anxiolytic, in the absence of specific antidepressant, therapy is unlikely to be adequate for these patients, and may lead to long-term palliative use of benzodiazepines incurring a risk of dependence.
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PMID:Anxiety states in family practice: an evaluation of the need for antidepressant as well as anxiolytic therapy. 2 Nov 16

The MMPI was administered to a group of 27 male transsexual candidates for sex change surgery, and their test results were compared with those of 24 male kidney transplant surgical candidates and 26 males suspected of having a psychophysiological disorder. The data revealed a notable absence of psychopathology among the transsexuals as well as the kidney patients, while the psychophysiological patients showed the expected elevations in the Hypochondriasis, Depression, and Hysteria scales. The results were in keeping with previous research of male-to-female sex change candidates that reject the notion that transsexuals invariably suffer major emotional disturbance.
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PMID:MMPI results of male candidates for transsexual surgery. 38 46

A critical factor in the successful or unsuccessful life adjustment of the badly burned patient is his family's reaction to this chronic problem, its ability to support him, and to help him pursue the long course of treatment and its many associated problems, and to also help him navigate the social world into which he must go. The high incidence of emotional disturbance in families sustaining burn injuries makes it vital to deal effectively and in a sustained manner to assess the types of emotional disturbances which exist in these families and to see how they influence the responses to the injuries and to the long and arduous treatments that follow. Different patterns of adaptation occur, some much related to economic class and special types of psychiatric disorder in the family. Some reactions of chronic grief and intermittent helplessness and hopelessness may transcent all groups, but the ability to follow through in later care varies enormously, and is correlated with the overt depression of the mother. Several types of reaction are epitomized in the cases presented, along with directives for their management, and the interplay of social, somatic, and psychological factors which lead to these patterns will be delineated.
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PMID:Rehabilitating families with burned children. 45 67

We are increasingly becoming a society of older people. The most prevalent emotional disturbance in this group is depression. Its management is an urgent concern to professionals in the mental health field. A review is presented of the clinical management of depression in old age in the special out-patient setting of an Affective Disorders Clinic. Sociologic, psychologic, and biologic factors as they affected the aging process are discussed in the frame of a developmental approach to aging. Illustrative clinical material shows the value of this approach in the assessment and management of depression in the aged.
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PMID:Depression in old age. 70 98

Fourteen WISC subtest patterns that purport to differentiate behavioral disorders were applied to the WISC-R. Forty-one adolescent males referred as a result of conduct disorders were administered the WISC-R. In general, a group analysis showed a depression of verbal functions and satisfactory reliability. The majority of signs investigated were shown to be as effective with nonschizophrenic emotionally disturbed children as with the specific clinical picture they were designed to predict. Evidence pointed to a number of patterns of subtest scatter useful in the diagnosis of a generalized state of emotional disturbance. Implications for clinical practice were discussed.
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PMID:Patterns of emotional disturbance on the WISC-R. 87 May 35

A prospective study carried out between 1982 and 1991 encompassed 179 patients who had been operated upon for meningiomas (Neurosurgical University Clinic Heidelberg and Mannheim). History, neurological status, neuroradiological findings, surgical procedure and histology were documented. Within the framework of regular postoperative reexaminations, indices were recorded regarding life quality as standardized by Karnofsky and Spitzer. Following HRDP (Hamburg Rating Scale for Emotional Disturbances), a depression score was evaluated with 32 patients pre and postoperatively. Psychosocial disturbances, which can develop a permanent character, were observed, particularly within the first 12 months after the operation. Depressive moods were noticed quite frequently. The age of the patients proved to be a decisive prognostic factor.
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PMID:Assessment of quality of survival in patients with surgically treated meningioma. 143 61

Psychological aspects of dieting, including hunger and satiety sensations were explored in obese subjects during a placebo-controlled trial of the weight reducing potential of BRL 26830A, a thermogenic beta-3-agonist drug. Successful weight loss was associated with a reduction in the severity of reported depression. The initial degree of emotional disturbance and level of learned resourcefulness appeared to influence the subsequent weight lost. Subjects described few specific hunger and satiety sensations and these sensations did not generally alter during the trial. BRL 26830A, which promoted weight loss, did not significantly influence hunger and satiety sensations and was not associated with emotional disturbances during dieting. With BRL 26830A there was a reduction in the reported somatic symptoms of anxiety which was not apparent on placebo. These results suggest that the subjects' initial psychological state influences outcome when dieting and also that dynamic changes in psychological parameters occur with successful weight loss. Further, BRL 26830A had no effect on appetite and no adverse influence on the psychological functions tested during this study.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of dietary weight loss and medication with the atypical beta agonist BRL 26830A in obese subjects. 167 79

An exploratory factor analysis of the HAD was carried out in 568 cancer patients. Two distinct, but correlated, factors emerged which corresponded to the questionnaire's anxiety and depression subscales. The factor structure proved stable when subsamples of the total sample were investigated. The internal consistency of the two subscales was also high. These results provide support for the use of the separate subscales of the HAD in studies of emotional disturbance in cancer patients.
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PMID:The factor structure and factor stability of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with cancer. 181 80

This study aimed to investigate the psychological characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS: Holmes et al. 1988). A battery of psychometric instruments comprising the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Lazarus Ways of Coping (WoC) inventory, was administered to a sample of clinically-defined CFS sufferers (N = 58), to a comparison group of chronic pain (CP) patients (N = 81) and to a group of healthy controls matched for sex and age with the CFS sample (N = 104). Considerable overlap was found between CFS and CP patients at the level of both physical and psychological symptoms. This raises the possibility that CFS sufferers are a sub-population of CP patients. However, while there was some commonality between CFS and CP patients in terms of personality traits, particularly the MMPI 'neurotic triad' (hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria), CFS patients showed more deviant personality traits reflecting raised levels on the first MMPI factor, emotionality. Moreover, results were not consistent with the raised emotionality being a reaction to the illness, but rather were consistent with the hypothesis that emotionality is a predisposing factor for CFS. The majority of CFS patients fell within four personality types, each characterized by the two highest MMPI scale scores. One type (N = 20) reported a lack of psychological symptoms or emotional disturbance contrary to the overall trend for the CFS sample. This group conformed to the ICD-10 classification of neurasthenia.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms, personality and ways of coping in chronic fatigue syndrome. 187 40

Psychogenic influences on the immune system become evident via the nervous system, particularly in its paraspecific part and the parameters there of. On the one hand the sifting and systematization of the investigations carried out so far forces criticism and evaluation of methods, shows on the other hand however a number of important findings and conclusions, which can be deduced from this knowledge. (1) Immunosuppressive effects have to a great extent their roots in psycho-social influences, leading to an overtaxing of the human capacity to adapt; occupational stress, depression, helplessness, loneliness, hopelessness, lack of social support, suppression of emotional disturbance and aggression, psychological vulnerability, etc. (2) A psychogenic stimulation of the immune system is founded in certain personality traits (self-confidence, openness, etc.) and a life-style, which is characterized by security and support in the social sphere, by the ability to handle one's illness positively, by recognizing effective forms of coping with stress, as well as trust and faith in realizing the unlikely and a will to survive based on self-discipline. (3) Forms of hyperalimentation, malnutrition and wrong eating habits result in immunosuppressive effects and, in highly developed industrial countries, have their roots in stress situations, which cannot be coped with (e.g. stress due to separation from partner, stress connected with divorce, occupational stress, loneliness, helplessness, lack of social support, suppression of emotional disturbance and aggression, sleep deprivation, immobilization, etc.) and are therefore founded in variables of life-style and biography.
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PMID:[Psychogenic stimulation of the immune system by nutrition]. 205 87


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