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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the epidemiological Zurich cohort study a syndrome of 'Recurrent Brief Anxiety' (RBA) was identified and operationalized. It had a 1-year prevalence rate of 2.7, males seemed to prevail slightly. RBA was highly associated with 'Recurrent Brief Depression' (RBD) and panic, and to a minor extent with agoraphobia and dysthymia. The family history was positive for depression and anxiety (panic, generalized anxiety disorder). In studies of panic, one should look for the frequently associated syndromes of RBA and RBD.
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PMID:The Zurich Study. XIII. Recurrent brief anxiety. 160 93

Frequently overlooked, depression is a very common complex disorder that causes significant morbidity and mortality. This article provides a review of three commonly encountered depressive disorders in primary care settings: adjustment disorder with depressed mood, dysthymia and major depression. Since many individuals minimize the affective symptoms of depression, clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion when clients present with vague somatic complaints, such as fatigue, headache, constipation and difficulty sleeping. To reach an accurate diagnosis, a thorough history, physical examination and appropriate laboratory studies should be performed. Numerous rating scales are presented to aid assessment. Common intervention strategies for the treatment of depressive disorders include education, drug therapy, and supportive individual and family counseling.
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PMID:Assessment and treatment strategies for depressive disorders commonly encountered in primary care settings. 160 68

This outcome study of children and adolescents with severe burns (ages 7 to 19 years) reports that unrecognized depression is common during their lifetimes. Thirty children who had severe burns (range, 5% to 95% body surface area) were assessed for depression at a mean of 9 years after burn injury. This article presents an analysis of depression items from the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, which was used in face-to-face interviews to assess child psychiatric disorders with diagnostic criteria from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual--Third Edition. At the time that the interviews took place, only one child had symptoms of major depression and only three children had symptoms of dysthymic disorder. However, eight children had a lifetime history of major depression; two of them had been abused by burning and two had been physically or sexually abused. Four had made suicide attempts: one suicide attempt was the cause of the burn injury and three attempts were made after burn injury. Thirteen children had had suicidal thoughts, and their parents were often unaware of this. Other types of affective disorders were prevalent. There was no statistically significant association between depression and burn size or disfigurement. Although burn-related factors were associated with some depressive episodes, other biologic and social risk factors were also very important. The authors conclude that referral for diagnostic services and psychotherapy, and for some, treatment with antidepressant medication, is often a necessary part of medical services for children with burns.
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PMID:Depression in children after recovery from severe burns. 161 79

This community-based epidemiological survey is concerned with relationships between social and environmental factors and dysthymic disorder (long-lasting depression according to the DSM-III classification) in a Finnish population aged 60 years or over. A greater proportion of dysthymic than non-depressed men had retired and did not work at all. The occurrence of dysthymic disorders in both men and women was related to retirement because of sickness rather than age, a small number of rooms in their homes, lack of intimate friendships and the occurrence of many long-standing and current social stress factors. The dysthymic women had lived at their present place of residence for a shorter period than had the non-depressed women. A positive association of dysthymic disorders with moving house due to poor health and living in institutions was also found in the men, and with a low number of hobbies and poor social participation in the women. In addition, the dysthymic women felt their relationships with their spouse, children, daughters-in-law and friends to be more distant than did their non-depressed counterparts. The dysthymic women also felt that elderly people were not appreciated. The log-linear models showed three interactions for the dysthymic men and six for the dysthymic women. The dysthymic persons reported a significantly larger number of detrimental events of an interpersonal nature than did the non-depressed persons.
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PMID:Social and environmental factors and dysthymic disorder in old age. 161 57

Dysthymic disorder (DD) is a chronic subsyndromal depressive condition that has generated increasing interest since its formal introduction into the psychiatric nomenclature in 1980. Although DD was included among the affective disorders in DSM-III, this classification was controversial. Some clinical and family studies support an association between DD and major depression disorder (MDD), but there has been little additional research firmly establishing the diagnostic validity of DD or clarifying its relation to MDD and to personality disorders. In this article, the literature on the biology of DD is reviewed. Studies of rapid eye movement (REM) latency, electrodermal activity, and the thyroid axis show similarities between DD and MDD, but the findings are mixed. Other investigations, including the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), catecholamines, and several other electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep variables, show more consistent differences between DD and MDD. These findings suggest that DD manifests primarily trait characteristics of depression, thus differentiating it from the state characteristics of MDD. The methodological problems and implications of these studies, and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
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PMID:Biological studies of dysthymia. 168 Apr 72

Ten early and late onset dysthymia cases, diagnosed by DSM-III criteria, were treated with the Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy, a standardized, three-stage therapy system developed specifically for the treatment of dysthymia. The cases are presented as naturalistic, direct-replication studies. Reliability of data trends within and across stages of treatment and generalization of effects across patients were demonstrated. The out-of-control depressive state at treatment outset is challenged by demonstrating to each patient that their depressive predicament is self-produced and maintained by maladaptive living strategies. The essential goals of therapy are teaching the patient a) to accept total responsibility for their depression and b) to achieve and maintain mood control by enacting adaptive daily living strategies. The progressive assumption of personal responsibility for the debilitative mood state is accompanied by a corresponding shift in a locus of control set from externality to internality. Patients were then taught situational coping strategies, and treatment ended when mood control was evinced. All cases were treated by J.P.M. The 10 cases met therapy termination criteria, and nine (one exception) were found in remission for dysthymia at follow-up of 2 years or more. Cognitive behavior psychotherapy, which directly attacks the helplessness and hopelessness plight of the dysthymic and teaches adaptive coping skills, appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy for the disorder.
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PMID:Psychotherapy for dysthymia. A naturalistic study of ten patients. 174 31

The prevalence of depression in the elderly was investigated in a random stratified sample of 100 subjects from the general population of Appignano (Macerata, Regione Marche, Italy). After sampling with the simple random method, each subject underwent a diagnostic work-up including: a) three psychodiagnostic tests (Short Scale for the Assessment of Mental Health--SSAMH, Geriatric Depression Scale--GDS, and Scale for the Self-evaluation of Depression from the Psychogeriatric Interview--PGI) and b) psychiatric evaluation (according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria). Results were as follows: a) all the 3 tests (SSAMH, GDS, PGI) were suitable for the goals of this research, with a sensibility of 95.4%, 90.9%, and 95.4%, and a specificity of 90.4%, 88.9%, and 90.5%, respectively; b) the prevalence of depression in the sample was 25.9% (26.1% in females and 25.6% in males); c) the most common disorder was dysthymia, with higher percentage in females than in males (75% and 50% of all the depressive syndromes, respectively); d) the prevalence of depression was higher in females 60-69 years old and in males 70-79 years old.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation on depression on a randomized and stratified sample in an elderly population]. 174 52

The frequency with which symptoms of depression are found among subjects with either a lifetime diagnosis of depression or dysthymia and among subjects with no psychiatric disorders, are analysed. The data is derived from a large study (n = 862) on the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders which was conducted in Iceland. The survey instrument was the NIMH-Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Results from 379 subjects are reported in this study, these subjects have either experienced a Major Depressive Episode (n = 46), dysthymia (n = 32) or have no psychiatric disorder (n = 301). The frequency of symptoms are grouped together in hierarchical tables and displayed and analysed. In the hierarchical groupings of symptoms, males were found to report more grave symptoms of suicide than were females, both in the depression and dysthymic groups. In a comorbidity correlation between these and other disorders, sex differences emerged in the diagnosis of Tobacco Dependence, with women exhibiting higher frequencies of dependence when found in the depressed group.
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PMID:The frequency of depressive symptoms in a general population with reference to DSM-III. 178 1

In this article, we systematically reviewed the results of application of biological markers of depression to children and adolescents. Concerning sleep EEG, only three studies on a total of twelve among 267 depressed children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years found the typical sleep abnormalities described in depressed adults (eg, shortened REM latency and decreased sleep efficiency). Most authors insisted on the age-related sleep changes as a major confounding factor. Two studies of the effect of antidepressant therapy on sleep showed a decrease in sleep efficiency but a discrepancy in the evolution of REM latency. Concerning the dexamethasone suppression test, twenty studies including 374 depressed children and adolescents (3-20 years) and 533 psychiatric controls yielded an overall sensitivity of 57% and an overall specificity of 78%. These results may be considered as interesting, despite the lack of agreement among authors on various methodological parameters (dose of dexamethasone, times of blood sampling, method of cortisol assay ...) and the composition of control groups which often comprise subjects presenting disorders very close to major depression (dysthymia, minor depression ...). Among the other tests, the TRH test, used in two studies, showed limited interest. In contrast, the study of growth hormone secretion, performed in one centre, could present diagnostical usefulness. In conclusion, biological markers of depression in children and adolescents should still be considered as research tools and be part of a multidisciplinary approach to depressive illness.
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PMID:[Value of sleep and neuroendocrine tests as biological markers of depression in children and adolescents]. 178 92

Three hundred and twenty-eight patients aged 45 years and over with major depression, dysthymic disorder or adjustment disorder with depressed mood (according to DSM-III) were asked about childhood loss experiences (death of one or both parents or at least 1 year's separation) and their current state of health. No statistically significant relationships were found between experiences of loss in childhood and type of depression, sex and age at first episode. However, there was an increased incidence of suicide attempts in patients with experiences of loss in childhood, both by separation and by death of parents. The increased suicidal tendency could mainly be attributed to loss of the father.
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PMID:Childhood experiences of loss and suicide attempts: significance in depressive states of major depressed and dysthymic or adjustment disordered patients. 179 Dec 61


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