Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 116 persons charged with arson in Norway during the years 1980-87 are characterized by poor education, and lack of vocational, marital and social adjustment, combined with alcohol and some drug abuse. Few were psychotic at the time of the arson. Personality disturbance, mostly of an antisocial character was the most prominent diagnosis. Few were sexually deviant. Thoughts and feelings of vengeance, anger and hostility, combined with dysphoria or depression, were common at the time of the arson. Excitement, followed by release of tension upon lighting the fire is frequently reported. Sexual emotions were rather uncommon.
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PMID:[Forensic psychiatric examination of arsonists]. 236 45

The field of child and adolescent affective disorders is relatively new and very challenging for research and clinical practice. A definite clinical entity of depression exists in significant numbers of children and adolescents. Signs and symptoms are different from those seen in adults and vary with different age levels. The syndrome must be recognized as early as possible to prevent a chronic illness from developing. Depression can cause serious difficulty in academic life because of its effects on concentration. Depression can affect relations with peers and, if acting out behavior ensues, can lead to serious delinquent behavior, sexual promiscuity, pregnancy, and substance abuse. Depression can also lead to suicide. Depression is often the common denominator in delinquency, promiscuity, teen pregnancy, to say nothing of alcohol and drug abuse. Adolescents often find substances on the street to "medicate" their own depression. When depression in children and adolescents is not properly identified, evaluated, and treated, it can lead to lifelong depression, antisocial behavior, and substance abuse. When depressed children receive appropriate therapy, the results can be rewarding. As one patient commented, "Every day was cloudy and gray. It always rained. Now I see some sun coming out."
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PMID:Depression in children. 240 39

The use of MRI in clinical psychiatry is evaluated on the basis of over four years' experience. Of 931 psychiatric patients examined, 156 were found to manifest pathological cerebral conditions, a frequency of 17 per cent, as compared with 2 per cent (2/101) among apparently healthy controls. The occurrence of intracerebral lesions, with exclusively psychiatric symptoms, is illustrated with case reports. The importance is stressed of early examination with neurodiagnostic imaging techniques in cases of psychiatric disorders where any of the following symptoms or preliminary diagnoses are present: atypical psychiatric features, first episode psychosis, late onset depression, dementia, HIV and other infections in conjunction with psychiatric symptoms, hysteria, and alcohol or drug abuse. The findings suggest MRI to be a useful supplementary diagnostic tool for improving the care of the psychiatric patient, while relieving the burden both on the patient's family and on mental health care resources.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography in psychiatry--clear benefits for health care services]. 258 13

The study reports on principal component analyses of the MCMI-1 at the item level. The 175 items of the MCMI were separated for analysis into 100 descriptive of personality and 75 that represent clinical symptoms. The data analyzed came from a sample of 253 psychiatric outpatients and a sample of 185 inpatient alcoholics. The scree test was applied to decide on the number of factors to retain. The factors retained in the four analyses were rotated by the Varimax and Direct Oblimin procedures. The results were similar across the two samples. The six personality dimensions isolated were interpreted as Social Introversion-Extraversion, Dependency on Others, Verbal Hostility, Need to Please Others, Self-Dramatization, and Orderliness. These have some resemblance to Millon's eight personality styles. Four of the five symptom factors were similar to Millon's clinical symptom scales. In addition to a very large Depression factor, there were factors of Manic Excitement, Drug Abuse, Alcoholic Misuse, and Suicidal Ideation.
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PMID:An analysis of the MCMI-I at the item level. 261 97

HIV infection creates difficulties for patients and staff in drug abuse treatment programs. This article reviews significant problems and coping strategies, drawing on experience in a drug abuse treatment program where a third of the patients are HIV infected. Patient-related problems include denial, anger, depression, and isolation. The coping strategies that patients use can exacerbate their illness. Effective coping strategies may involve the development of mutual-support groups and public education. Staff-related problems include the fear of infection, protecting confidentiality, the need to develop new treatment goals, and recognizing the limitations of drug abuse treatment. To lessen the fears of infection, programs can exercise clear body substance precautions, conduct frequent inservice training, and hold periodic updates for staff. To adequately protect confidentiality, programs can keep up with rapidly changing laws and guidelines. To modify treatment goals, programs can alter admission standards for HIV-infected patients, change treatment methods to minimize the impact of occasional relapses, develop medical referral networks, and give special consideration to counselors who treat HIV-infected patients. To cope with the limitations of drug abuse treatment, programs can support counseling staff in coping with emotionally stressful clinical problems and to avoid burnout.
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PMID:Coping with AIDS: strategies for patients and staff in drug abuse treatment programs. 262 17

One hundred and seventeen biological mothers and 63 biological fathers of depressed and nondepressed, psychiatrically disturbed children and adolescents were interviewed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version. Diagnostic information was also obtained on 54 biological fathers who were unavailable for interview. Histories of depressive disorders and other forms of psychopathology were reported at high rates in the parents. Major depression was the most commonly reported disorder in interviewed parents of both sexes, but it was reported more often in mothers. Substance abuse and antisocial pathology was more prevalent in fathers. Depression in parents did not distinguish depressed from nondepressed probands, but maternal history of anxiety disorders, alcoholism and/or drug abuse, and suicidality did. Depressed probands were more likely than their nondepressed peers to have two parents with histories of depression. Mothers of younger patients had more substance abuse and suicidality in their histories than mothers of adolescents. They also reported earlier age of onset of depression and earlier age of entry into treatment.
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PMID:Psychopathology in parents of depressed children and adolescents. 273

One hundred and eight veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were compared with 60 age-matched controls with regard to family history of psychiatric illness. Depressed controls had a higher morbidity risk (MR) for depression and generalized anxiety in siblings/parents and children, respectively. Patients with PTSD did not differ from alcoholics or nonpsychiatric controls on the basis of family history. PTSD was associated with greater familial anxiety when compared with controls who had experienced combat. When World War II and Vietnam veterans with PTSD were compared, a higher MR for alcohol and drug abuse was found in siblings/parents of Vietnam veterans, and a higher MR was found for other chronic psychiatric disorders in the children of Vietnam veterans.
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PMID:Familial psychiatric illness in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. 275 6

A 32-year-old paranoid schizophrenic man repeatedly stabbed both his eyes with a sharpened wire coat hanger. The patient underwent vitrectomy on each eye approximately 2 1/2 weeks after injury, with multiple retinal defects noted OU. None of the posterior wounds involved the macula or optic disc, and final vision was 20/70 OD and 20/50 OS. Ocular self-mutilation, deliberate and severe self-injury which threatens visual function, is a rare occurrence most often described in acutely psychotic patients. Psychosis may be due to schizophrenia, drug abuse, manic phases of bipolar mood disorders, and depression. A striking number of these patients have delusions with religious and sexual content. They are prone to repeated attempts during the acute psychotic phase and must be monitored closely at this time.
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PMID:Ocular self-mutilation. 277 33

The prevalence and patterns of smokeless tobacco use and its correlates were assessed in the National Institute on Drug Abuse National Household Survey of residents 12 years of age and older. Overall, 11% of the general population have "ever tried" chewing tobacco, snuff, or other smokeless tobacco. Of these, 5% were former users and 3% used smokeless tobacco almost daily in the past year. Rates of its use differed significantly by sex, age group, race, region, and metropolitan area size. Although females were far less likely to try it, those who did were as likely as males to be daily users. Smokeless tobacco users were also more likely to use alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. In general, those who used smokeless tobacco almost daily were more likely to report poor health and hospitalization for illness or injury in the past year, even when other substance use was controlled. Smokeless tobacco users also were more likely to report symptoms of depression. Finally, some substituted smokeless tobacco for cigarettes, but youths (12-17 yr old) were more likely than older tobacco users to use both forms of tobacco regularly.
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PMID:Epidemiology of smokeless tobacco use: a national study. 278 48

Among 129 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, four subgroups of suicidal and/or assaultive behaviors were identified. A suicidal-only subgroup with no evidence of assaultive behavior was characterized by depression, drug abuse and environmental stresses. An assaultive-only subgroup with no evidence of suicidal behavior exhibited aggressive symptoms and violence at home. A subgroup with both suicidal and assaultive behaviors experienced accidents and family violence. A fourth subgroup had neither suicidal nor assaultive behavior. This subgroup showed eating disorders, depression, minimal assaultiveness and few peer friendships.
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PMID:Subtypes of suicidal and assaultive behaviors in adolescent psychiatric inpatients: a research note. 292 20


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