Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical histories and treatment of the nine individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and major depression (MD) previously noted in a report on the psychopathology of a population of 164 adults with DS with and without health disorders from a Down Syndrome Clinic are presented (Myers & Pueschel, 1991). The clinical characteristics including DSM-III-R (1987) criteria of these 9 patients plus 13 individuals with DS and MD described in case reports in the literature are summarized. Depression is rarely verbalized and commonly appears as crying, depressed appearance, or mood lability. Vegetative symptoms of disinterest with severe withdrawal and mutism, psychomotor retardation, decreased appetite, weight loss, and insomnia are prominent. Verbal expression of preoccupations of suicide, death, self-depreciation, and guilt were infrequent and may either be not present or not reported due to mutism or moderate level of mental retardation (MR). Hallucinations were prominent. Family history of depression was infrequent. Psychological stressors were noted mostly in the study sample and not in the 13 from the literature. The pattern of vegetative symptomatology with few verbal complaints and prominent hallucinations may be related to moderate mental retardation in these groups with DS rather than specifically to DS.
 ...
PMID:Major depression in a small group of adults with Down syndrome. 748 Sep 57

To study the interaction among genetic and environmental risk factors, a reanalysis of case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was conducted based on the original data of all studies carried out to January 1, 1990. Seven studies were included in the present analysis, comprising a total of 814 AD patients and 894 control subjects. When comparing those with a positive and negative family history of dementia, similar odds ratio were found for late maternal age [1.7; 95% confidence interval (0.6-4.8) vs. 2.0 (1.1-3.5)], head trauma [1.7 (0.7-4.2) vs. 1.9 (1.1-3.2)], and history of depression [2.0 (0.2-19.8) vs. 2.1 (0.8-1.7)]. This suggests a model in which these risk factors increase the risk for AD independent of family history of dementia. Among those with a positive family history of dementia, the odds ratios for family history of Down's syndrome [4.2 (0.9-20.0)] and of Parkinson's disease [3.3 (0.4-28.2)] tended to be higher than among those with a negative family history of dementia [2.6 (0.8-8.5) and 2.4 (0.8-7.0), respectively]. However, for both disorders the difference in odds ratio was not statistically significant. For history of cigarette smoking, there was no association to AD for those with no first degree relatives with dementia and an inverse relation with AD for those with a positive family history. Although in all analyses, family history of dementia remained significantly associated with AD in the absence of other factors, the odds ratio associated with family history of dementia tended to be lower for those with a positive smoking history, particularly for those with two or more affected relatives. These findings suggest that smoking may interact specifically with a genetically determined process.
 ...
PMID:Interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies. 771 94

Because of previous findings that parents of children with autistic disorder may be at increased risk for anxiety disorders and/or mood disorders, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale and the Modified Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MMOCI) were administered to parents of children with autistic disorder and parents of children with Down's syndrome. Parents with normal whole blood serotonin levels who had children with autistic disorder and parents of children with Down's syndrome had significantly lower CES-D depression scores than parents with elevated whole blood serotonin levels who had children with autistic disorder. Hyperserotonemic parents of children with autistic disorder had significantly higher MMOCI scores than parents of children with Down's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in hyperserotonemic parents of children with autistic disorder. 804 19

Both prevalence and incidence of AD increase steeply with advancing age in all populations investigated thus far. In general, women have higher prevalence and incidence; however, there are exceptions to this pattern. When considering only methodologically comparable surveys, and taking age into account, there are no major geographic differences in either prevalence or incidence. Data on incidence are unfortunately limited worldwide. There are no major time trends in either prevalence or incidence. The only definite risk factors for AD are age and familial aggregation. Putative risk factors are familial aggregation of Down's syndrome, familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease, late maternal age, head trauma, history of depression, and history of hypothyroidism. Cigarette smoking was found to be less common in the history of patients with AD than in that of controls. This association is probably spurious, however. Unfortunately, current knowledge about risk factors for AD does not justify the conduct of preventive trials or the introduction of large-scale interventions.
 ...
PMID:Frequency, distribution, and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. 812 14

The applicability of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) in the informant-rating version to mentally retarded adults (> 19 years of age) of all degrees of severity is researched here for the first time. The sample (N = 798) consisted of residents in community-based group homes (56.9%) and residents of a variety of institutions (43.1%). On average, 23 of the 24 CDI items were to be assessed. Internal consistency, interrater reliability, and the item-total score correlations were adequate. The three factors derived from factor analysis were open to clear interpretation. The CDI score proved to be independent of age, sex, and degree of mental retardation. Persons with behavior problems, psychotropic drug treatment, non-Down syndrome status, as well as the residents of a psychiatric clinic, all returned a higher CDI score. Among those having a CDI score > or = 17 (n = 54), there were 57% with DSM-III-R depressive disorders. These results suggest that the CDI in an informant-rating version is suitable as a diagnostic and screening instrument for mentally retarded adults.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of depression in mentally retarded adults: reliability and validity of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). 821 Jun 7

Seventy-one subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), between the ages of 29 and 68 years, and 46 matched controls (without DS) were examined for intelligence, memory (short- and long-term memory, and spatial and temporal orientation), communication (receptive, expressive and written language) and daily living skills (personal, domestic and community daily living skills). All subjects were screened on hearing and visual functions, thyroid functions, depression and dementia. DS-subjects and controls were matched on chronological age, mental age, living conditions and male/female ratio. Comparisons were made between five subgroups (1) non-demented institutionalized subjects with DS (DSi-group; n = 35); (2) non-demented institutionalized controls without DS (Ci-group; n = 22); (3) demented institutionalized subjects with DS (n = 10); (4) non-demented subjects with DS living in group homes (DSg; n = 26); and (5) non-demented controls without DS living in group homes (Cg; n = 24). Institutionalized and non-institutionalized subjects, as well as demented and non-demented subjects differed significantly on all functions measured. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of age and sensory deficits on adaptive and cognitive functioning. In DSg subjects, significant associations were found between age and mental age, and between age and performances on written language. In (non-demented) DSi subjects, significant relations were found between age and memory functions observed in daily circumstances. Moreover, in the (non-demented) DSi elderly, visual impairment was significantly related to depressed performance on daily living skills. No age effects were seen in control subjects. Infirmities of old age like dementia and sensory deficits were far more common in people with DS than in controls. Psychiatric and diagnostic aspects of clinical depression and dementia were emphasized in particular.
 ...
PMID:Ageing in adults with Down's syndrome in institutionally based and community-based residences. 855 16

Inconsistencies within results of case-control studies on Alzheimer's disease risk factors led to a search of the literature for a potential cofactor. Reduced cerebral blood flow was selected and literature was surveyed for evidence of a cerebral blood flow linkage with the more than 40 putative risks. Alcohol abuse, depression, head trauma, underactivity, old age, sleep disturbance, glucose utilization, Down's syndrome, and Parkinson's disease are risk factors where an association with reduced cerebral blood flow is documented. Studies were cited showing that improved cerebral blood flow is associated with factors thought to be helpful in Alzheimer's disease, such as education or occupational attainment, exercise, headache, smoking, and arthritis/anti-inflammatory drugs to the extent that aspirin is used. Sugar consumption is identified as a potential risk factor with glucose management in Alzheimer's disease also shown to involve reduced cerebral blood flow. An hypothesis is developed showing how compromised regional cerebral blood flow could fit as a cofactor for genetic, autoimmune, and neurotoxic aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
 ...
PMID:Alzheimer's disease risk factors as related to cerebral blood flow. 873 67

Findings for Down's syndrome adults with depression were compared to those for non-depressed Down's syndrome controls. Mean age of onset of depression was 30.1 years, the majority of subjects were female and biological more so than psychotic symptoms were presenting features. No statistically significant association between depression and thyroid dysfunction was found. For the depressed group, scores for level of adaptive functioning were significantly lower and those for maladaptive behaviour significantly higher. At one-year follow-up, although some improvement was found, the majority of depressed subjects were still symptomatic. The short-term prognosis for depression in adults with Down's syndrome appears to be poor but possibly better the earlier the age of onset.
 ...
PMID:Short-term prognosis of depression in adults with Down's syndrome: association with thyroid status and effects on adaptive behaviour. 893 55

Patterns of symptoms associated with depression and dementia were examined in 3 aging adults with Down syndrome. A case study approach (Yin, 1994) was employed to identify and link these symptoms. Results of the case analyses provide further insight into distinguishing between depression and dementia in older persons with Down syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Depression and dementia in aging adults with Down syndrome: a case study approach. 904 84

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of functional decline in Down syndrome (DS) adults. Acquired cognitive deficits may be difficult to evaluate in the context of baseline impairments. Behavioral symptoms are also common and may represent the effects of depression, AD, or both. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report a clinical case series of selected adults with DS and behavioral change who responded to treatment with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication. Six patients, aged 23 to 63 years, 5 women and 1 man, with the clinical diagnosis of DS presented for diagnosis and treatment of functional decline in adult life. Noncognitive symptoms were prominent and included aggression, social withdrawal, and compulsive behaviors. Memory dysfunction was reported in varying degrees. Treatment with SSRI antidepressants was instituted for depressive, apathetic, and compulsive behaviors. Treated patients showed improvement in behaviors as reported by caregivers, and on objective measures, such as workplace productivity. Noncognitive symptoms are a cardinal feature of functional decline in adults with DS and may represent either depression or AD. In some patients, the symptoms respond well to SSRI agents with concomitant improvement in daily function. Treatment trials with SSRIs may, therefore, be warranted in such cases.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of functional decline in adults with Down syndrome using selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor drugs. 932 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>