Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mechanisms controlling secretion of glucagon and other pancreatic hormones were studied in a patient affected with multihormone-secreting islet-cell tumor. Fasting glucagon levels (3,000 pg./ml.) rose to 10 ng./ml. following arginine stimulation. While oral glucose load and intravenous glucose infusion did not suppress glucagon secretion, insulin administration induced a prompt depression in glucagon levels. Glucagon, insulin, and gastrin levels were suppressed by somatostatin while calcium infusion caused a paradoxical increase. It is suggested that only some of the stimulation-inhibition mechanisms were conserved in this case of glucagon-secreting pancreatic tumor.
Diabetes 1976 May
PMID:Suppression and stimulation mechanisms controlling glucagon secretion in a case of islet-cell tumor producing glucagon, insulin, and gastrin. 0 26

Effects of intravenous endotoxin and glucose administration on circulating leukocyte populations were compared in seven normal subjects and seven patients with juvenile-onset diabetes by means of automated cytochemical differential counting to quantitate each cell type. Both groups had comparable control cell counts that were unaffected by glucose tolerance testing but altered significantly by endotoxin. Different patterns of response to endotoxin were observed for different circulating cell types. The response of diabetics was parallel to that of normals but showed lower neutrophil and monocyte rebound, longer lasting depression of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and greater rebound of basophils on the day following endotoxin exposure. Characterization of distinctive normal response patterns of circulating leukocyte populations to endotoxin and comparison with responses in diabetes revealed abnormalities under conditions of stress that may impair the diabetic's ability to cope with acute infection.
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PMID:Effects of acute endotoxemia and glucose administration on circulating leukocyte populations in normal and diabetic subjects. 9 90

Pancreatic islets were microdissected from ob/ob mice, loaded for 2 h with 45Ca and perfused with calcium-deficient medium. Irrespective of the glucose and calcium concentrations in the loading medium, increased glucose in the perfusion medium resulted in reduced amounts of radioactivity in the perfusate. A glucose inhibition of 45Ca washout was also evident when the specific radioactivity of the islets approached that of the labeling medium, indicating that the effect was not simply due to isotopic dilution. The depression of 45Ca washout diminished after culture of the islets in a serum-free medium and it was absent in islets taken from mice homozygous for the gene diabetes. The glucose effect became less pronounced when 50 micron D-600, an inhibitor of the calcium inward transport, was added to the calcium-deficient perfusion medium and abolished in the presence of 20 mM Ca-EGTA. The inhibition of the 45Ca washout observed is not necessarily due to a direct glucose interaction with the outward calcium transport but may also result from stimulation of the uptake and intracellular trapping of the cation.
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PMID:Glucose inhibition of 45Ca efflux from pancreatic islets. 9 51

Plasma renin activity (PRA) in 40 diabetic patients and 42 healthy controls was investigated using the method of Pickens in modification of Serebrovskaja et al. (1967). PRA was slightly lower in the whole group of diabetes but the difference was not significant. The subgroup of 20 maturity-onset diabetics had significantly lower PRA in comparison with 22 controls of similar age, while PRA in juvenile diabetics did not differ significantly from matched controls. In patients without clinical signs and symptoms of microangiopathy PRA was as high as in the controls. In diabetics with microangiopathy PRA was significantly lower. PRA was also lower in patients with longer duration of the disease. The stimulation of juxtaglomerular apparatus with sodium free diet and diuretic drugs resulted in an increase of PRA both in controls and diabetics. This suggests a functional depression of PRA in diabetic patients. In diabetics with ketoacidosis PRA was higher than in control subjects and decreased after disappearance of ketoacidosis. A high level was recorded in a patient with hyperosmolar coma and a very low level in a patient with polyneuropathy and severe orthostatic hypotension. The possible mechanisms involved in the changes of PRA in diabetic patients are discussed.
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PMID:Plasma renin activity in diabetic patients. 11 36

Previous in vitro studies of the metabolism of the peripheral nerve have been based on incorporation of radioactive precursor into components isolated from whole nerve. In this study we have determined incorporation secifically into myelin components of peripheral nerve by isolating myelin after incubating whole nerves with lipid or protein precursors and by determining the specific activity of the components of that membrane. The effect of diabetes on such incorporation was also studied. In the rat, in vitro incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine into protein components of myelin was decreased by 30-88% in diabetic animals as compared to controls. The major polypeptide constituent of rat sciatic nerve myelin (mol st 28,000; 58.5% of total mass of proteins) was not labeled in either the diabetic or the control group. In diabetes incorporation rate into a polypeptide of mol wt 23,000, which constitutes 21% of total mass, was approximately one half that of controls. In polypeptides of mol wt 38,000-49,000, which are heavily labeled in normal animals, but constitute only about 5% of total mass of proteins, depression of incorporation was e-en more marked in the diabetics. While these marked differences in incorporation between diabetic and control animals were observed, the amount of protein and its distribution among the constituent polypeptides was the same in both groups. In young rats made diabetic with streptozotocin and young rabbits made diabetic with alloxan, there was a lower rate of incorporation of the lipid precursors, [1-14C]sodium acetate or [3H]water, into myelin components. In older animals of both species incorporation in the controls was considerably lower than in the yount animals, and the effect of diabetes was no longer apparent. In nondiabetic animals, the in vitro addition of insulin (10-7 M) stimulated incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine into myelin proteins 1.6-3.1 times that of controls. This stimulation by insulin in vitro was not seen in diabetic animals. In animals in which diabetes had spontaneously recovered, however, incorporation rate in the in vitro experiments approached that of controls and were significantly above that in animals whose diabetes persisted. Since myelin is the palsma membrane of the Schwann cell, these studies provide evidence that the Schwann cell is affected by insulin and that some aspects of the metabolism of myelin are altered in insulin-deficient states.
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PMID:Metabolism of peripheral nerve myelin in experimental diabetes. 12 35

Duodenal calcium absorption is depressed in alloxan and streptozotocin diabetic rats taking normal amounts to dietary vitamin D. Depression of absorption appears to be at least in part the result of altered metabolism of vitamin D with failure to form 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3), the vitamin D metabolite that acts directly on duodenum to stimulate calcium absorption. The South American plant Solanum malacoxylon causes extensive soft tissue calcification when ingested by cattle. An extract of this plant restores calcium absorption depressed by dietary strontium blockage of 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation in chicks. We gave an aqueous extract of S. malacoxylon to diabetic rats and restored duodenal calcium absorption to normal. These findings provide further evidence of the ability of a factor in the S. malacoxylon extract to mimic the actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on duodenal calcium transport and reinforce the hypothesis that abnormal vitamin D metabolism is an important determinant of depressed duodenal calcium absorption in diabetes.
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PMID:Depressed duodenal calcium absorption in the diabetic rat: restoration by Solanum malacoxylon. 12 46

Control and streptozotocin diabetic rats were studied at 5 and 12 days after induction of diabetes. Strontium absorption was measured by in situ perfusion of duodenum and ileum. Duodenal absorptive capacity (absorption per unit length) and absorptive specific activity (absorption per gram of dry weight mucosa) were depressed. Depression was present both at 5 days, when mucosal growth is similar in controls and diabetics, and at 12 days, when mucosal growth is 50% greater in diabetics. Effects of diabetes on ileal absorption were minimal in comparison with effects on duodenum. This depression of duodenal strontium absorption in the diabetic rat is analogous to effects of diabetes on calcium absorption and may be mediated by abnormal vitamin D metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of experimental diabetes on intestinal strontium absorption in the rat. 13 63

A calcium binding protein has been purified 220 fold from rat kidney. The molecular weight of this protein (26 000-28 000) is more than double that of the duodenal calcium binding protein of the rat. In response to the stimuli of both streptozotocin diabetes and depletion and repletion with vitamin D, changes in the renal protein are minimal. This contrasts markedly with responses of the duodenal protein to the same stimuli: (a) there was marked depression of duodenal calcium binding protein by vitamin D depletion and diabetes; (b) duodenal calcium binding protein was restored by vitamin D treatment of depleted rats. The renal protein appears to be identical with a previously described 28 000 molecular weight protein from the kidney purified by a different technique (Hermsdorf, C.L. and Bronner, F. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 379, 553-561). In contrast to findings of the current study, previous investigators were unable to isolate the protein from vitamin D-deficient rats and postulated vitamin D dependence. The protein activator of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is a calcium binding protein found in many tissues including kidney. Based on lack of response to stimuli we used and similarity in method of isolation and properties, our renal calcium binding protein may be this protein activator.
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PMID:Renal calcium binding protein in the diabetic and vitamin D-depleted rat. 13 39

Electrophysiological investigations were carried out on 20 healthy controls and 130 patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The aetiology was as follows: idiopathic (Bell's palsy) in 60 cases, viral in 29, traumatic in 18, postoperative in 4, in connexion with chronic otitis media in 6, diabetes mellitus in 4, positive rheumatological tests in 3, disturbed lipid metabolism in 2, the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome in 1, as a complication of pregnancy in 2, and in association with a tumour in 1 case. The compound action potential (CAP) of the orbicularis oris muscle was determinedi n 370 occasions in a right/left comparision, the record of the muscle response was intergrated over the time of action (IAR) on 32 occasions and trison of 255 occasions. The normal values are given in the first place and their dependence of the age of the subject. Then, the prognostic sifnficance of the above-mentioned parameters is investigated in cases of peripheral facial nerve paralysis. It is apparent that the determination of the CAP in a right/left comparison is a valuable prognostic guide as early as the 4th day, insofar as a decrease in this parameter of under 50% can be interpreted as a favourable sign and satisfactory reversal of the paralysis can be expected within 6-8 weeks. By contrast, a decrease of over 70% in the CAP is a bad prognostic sign, indicative of presumably only a poor trend to reversal of the paralysis. An intermediate depression of the CAP in the range of 50-70% signifies an expected moderate recovery within 6-8 weeks ahe case of CAP determination at the time of maximum amplitude depression (as opposed to the 4th day), then a decrease of less than 70% is taken to be indicative of satisfactory functional recovery within 6-8 weeks; a decrease of 95-100% signifies a bad prognosis, whilst a decrease amounting to between 70 and 95% carries an uncertain prognosis. The maximum decrease in amplitude was registered on the 8th day on average; the range lay between the 4th and the 14th day. An exception to these figures was the delayed response of the CAP in the case of 6 patients, 5 of whom showed a maximum decrease during the 3rd week and the last patient as late as the 4th week following the onset of facial nerve paresis. Similar reliance can be placed on the prognostic value of the IAR. however, the decrease in the IAR is smaller than that of the CAP measured on the same potential in a right/left comparison, so that a decrease in the IAR of over 60% can already herald a poor recovery. Repeated determination of the latency in cases of facial nerve paralysis showed that the mean latency value for the entire group of patients was slightly prolonged at the end of the 1st week, but the latency values obtained in any one particular patient are of no prognostic significance. A comparison between CAP and latency values obtained with the opposite (i.e...
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PMID:[Prognostic assessment in peripheral facial nerve paralysis with particular reference to electroneurography (author's transl)]. 18 19

In experiments on the isolated superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of rats with alloxan diabetes rhythmic stimulation of preganglionic nerves was effected; summation presynaptic spikes and EPSPs of ganglionic neurons were registered. In rats with moderately severe alloxan diabetes progressive depression of rhythmic ganglion potentials was connected with suppression of the mediator emission to the impulse due to rapid exhaustion of its operational fraction. Rats with severe diabetes displayed also postsynaptic suppression of the ganglionic neurons. Dynamic characteristics of the transmitter turnover assessed on the basis of consideration of the successive patterns of posttetanic potentiation showed insignificant changes in the mediator output and a significant (by 38%) suppression of the mediator reserve per sec in comparison with control.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of inhibition of synaptic transmission in the sympathetic ganglia of rats with alloxan diabetes]. 21 35


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