Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The life expectancy of the world population has increased considerably and the absolute number of 65-year olds will approximately triple in the next 40 years. Since the prevalence of chronic illness and disability increases steeply with advancing age, it is to be expected that the utilization of health services and services provided for the elderly will also increase. In the developed countries about one quarter of those aged 65 and over suffer from mental disorders. An important risk factor for mental disorders of old age seems to be the subjective awareness of loneliness, combined with a quantitative deficit in social relationships. Losses in personal relationships, above all conjugal bereavement, are, in general, associated with a higher mortality, a higher risk of suicide, various physical diseases and mental disorders, in particular depression. Dementia, one of the severest disorders in late life, increases steeply with advancing age, reaching rates of 20 to 30% among those aged 85 and over. Depressive disorders are among the most frequent psychogeriatric disorders. Due to the heterogeneity of their symptomatology and differences in case identification the prevalence rates vary substantially between countries. Prospective follow-up studies have revealed the mortality risk to be markedly higher in organic than in functional mental disorders. Care of the mentally ill elderly patient is characterized by a relatively low utilization of outpatient mental health services, whereas contact with GPs becomes increasingly important in late life.
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PMID:[Mental health in the aged]. 349 64

Ten patients underwent implantation of intrathecal morphine catheters with subcutaneous implantation of morphine Infusaid pumps for the treatment of intractable pain of malignant origin from May 1984 to October 1985. All patients exhibited a good initial response to intrathecal morphine and developed some degree of tolerance. All patients with bony metastasis and/or lumbarsacral plexopathy developed rapid tolerance.Depressive illness was noted in all patients undergoing a psychiatric evaluation prior to institution of morphine infusion therapy. Seventy percent of patients treated could be treated on an outpatient basis after pump implantation.Complications included a pump pocket infection requiring the removal of the implanted system. There was no pump failure, respiratory depression, urinary retention, or mortality related to the use of the morphine infusion system. It is recommended that intrathecal morphine infusion be instituted when narcotics have been identified as necessary for pain relief, before the development of significant systemic tolerance.
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PMID:Management of intractable pain in cancer patients by implantable morphine infusion systems. 366 90

Psychopathology has been assessed in opiate addicts using both symptom rating scales and diagnostic impressions. The authors present a study of diagnoses among 533 addicts seeking treatment and show high rates of depression, alcoholism, and antisocial personality disorder. Depressive disorders are associated with poor social functioning in a wide variety of areas. The longitudinal course of depression in addicts is to generally resolve within 6 months without specific treatments, with only 2 per cent of addicts being currently depressed at both intake and 6-month follow-up. The high prevalence (74 per cent lifetime rate of affective disorders in addicts) and transient nature of affective disorders among addicts suggests that short-term crisis treatments to deal with their large number of recent life events would be helpful.
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PMID:Psychopathology in opioid addicts. 377 3

Depressive disorders are a significant problem among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but their diagnosis is difficult. The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) has recently been shown useful for diagnosis of endogenous depression in physically healthy individuals. This article reviews the literature pertinent to depression and adrenocortical regulation after SCI, with special emphasis on DST. While depression is fairly common in SCI patients, endogenous depression occurs infrequently. The validity of the DST for diagnosis of depression in these patients is questionable because of the changes in adrenocortical regulation caused by SCI. Directions for future research are suggested.
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PMID:Depression and adrenocortical function in spinal cord injury patients: a review. 388 7

In order to find out whether the finding of different prevalence rates for depression in rural and urban areas of India is supported by a difference in symptomatology as well, 30 rural and 42 urban hospitalized MDP-Depressed patients were compared on Hamilton Depression Scale and Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Patients with Depressive Disorders. Symptoms of guilt, loss of concentration and memory were significantly more in urban patients whereas gastrointestinal somatic symptoms were significantly higher in rural subjects. The difference is probably due to urban subjects being more sophisticated, expressive and familiar with mental disorders as compared to rural patients who being more familiar with somatic illnesses tend to somatize their psychic distress.
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PMID:Depressive disorders in the developing world. 404 56

Depressive illness can be severe, debilitating, and life threatening, but it often responds well to medication. The appropriate agent and dosage depend not only on accurate diagnosis of the type of depression present but also on the age of the patient, previous response to various medications, concurrent medical conditions, other medications being taken, and potential side effects of the antidepressants being considered for treatment.
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PMID:Drug treatment of depression: a classification system for agent selection. 610 32

Morning plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity were significantly higher in a group of depressed patients meeting the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive disorder or Schizo-affective disorder, depressed, than in age- and sex-matched groups of normal controls and psychiatric patients without affective disorders. Furthermore, physostigmine-stimulated release of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was also significantly greater in the depressed patients. These results provide the first evidence for elevated plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin in depression and also represent further evidence for cholinergic supersensitivity in depression. These results suggest that elevated plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and cholinergically stimulated hypothalamic-pituitary beta-endorphin release, might potentially represent biological state or trait markers for depression.
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PMID:beta-Endorphin hypersecretion in depression: possible cholinergic mechanisms. 629 94

In this study we have examined four parts of the 5th revision of the World Health Organization schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (WHO/SADD-5): (I) items that cover the present depressive state; (II) items that cover the psychiatric history; (III) a global assessment scale for the severity of depression, and (IV) the current ICD-9 diagnosis. Our analysis was based on a comparison of the interobserver reliability of item combinations leading to DSM-III, RDC, Newcastle and Melancholia Scale classifications of patients with depressive disorders. To facilitate these combinations we had added 4 items to SADD: (a) quality of depression, (b) persistence of depression, (c) reactivity of symptoms, and (d) accusations of others. Our results showed that WHO/SADD-5 has an acceptable degree of interobserver reliability both at the levels of global assessment of severity of depression and ICD-9 diagnosis, whereas the item combinations obtained lower intraclass coefficients. However, the items analysis focused on two SADD subscales of acceptable interobserver reliability: a severity scale of 16 items selected from our Melancholia Scale, and a diagnostic scale of another 10 items selected from the two Newcastle Scales.
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PMID:World Health Organization Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (WHO/SADD-5). Item combinations and interobserver reliability. 653 40

A study on the Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (SADD) in collaboration with WHO Headquarters, Geneva, is reported in this paper. The instruments used for the study were screening forms and the SADD schedule, both of which were supplied by WHO. Fifty depressed patients were selected from the outpatients and inpatients of the Accra psychiatric hospital by experienced specialist psychiatrists using the screening forms. The two investigators then carried out a clinical assessment on each selected patient using the SADD schedule. The data collected were subjected to computer analysis. Findings were similar to those from previous WHO/SADD studies in different cultures. Specifically, the investigators found a "core" of depressive symptomatology among African patients in Ghana. An interesting finding was the change in the presentation of depression in African patients over the past 30 years. Broad diagnostic groupings like endogenous depression and psychogenic depression could easily be applied to the study patients. There is a great need for more SADD studies in Africa.
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PMID:Standardized assessment of depressive disorders (SADD) in Ghana. 664 Feb 11

Depressive illness has been associated with reversible abnormalities in the pituitary response of growth hormone, prolactin, and ACTH-cortisol. We saw similar neuroendocrine abnormalities in a patient with pseudocyesis. Normalization of the hormonal responses occurred with resolution of the pseudocyesis. Ovarian responsiveness to HCG suggests pseudocyesis to be of central hypothalamic-pituitary origin similar to polycystic ovarian disease, with neuroendocrine data consistent with reversible depression. In patients with affective illness, ovulatory disturbances may be the presenting symptom. Thorough psychosocial evaluation may be an important tool in the diagnosis of and therapy for anovulation.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine indices of depression in pseudocyesis. A case report. 670 24


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