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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depressive illness may affect the patient's response to dental care. It has been implicated both as a causal factor and a sequela in facial pain syndromes. Depression is treated with various medications that may influence function and health of the oral cavity and that may adversely interact with drugs used to control pain and anxiety.
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PMID:Recognition and management of the depressed dental patient. 4 Oct 14

A random sample of 470 Army enlisted men who served tours of duty in Vietnam and returned to the United States in September, 1971 was selected from military records. Between May and September, 1972, these servicemen were located and personally interviewed. Additional information was obtained from their military records and from Veterans Administration files. Interviews were obtained for 95% and military records for 99%. Veterans Administration records were available for 22% of the sample. Depressive disorders appeared to be a significant problem in these enlistees after their return. Twenty-six per cent of the total sample reported at least some symptoms of depression, and 7 per cent reported a full affective syndrome. A third of those with depressive syndromes have had psychiatric care since their return. The association of depression with combat, use of illicit drugs, and other pre- and post-Vietnam variables is discussed.
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PMID:Depressive disorders in Vietnam returnees. 95 1

Disciplinary fragmentation and nosological and semantic controversies have obscured the impressive advances made in the area of depressive disorders during the past decade. This article is an attempt to translate data derived from psychodynamic, sociobehavioral, and neurobiologic research into a clinically meaningful framework. We review ten models of depression with special emphasis on newer models supported by empirical and experimental studies, and present a new model, which incorporates and synthesizes findings from different schools. Depressive illness is conceptualized as the feedback interaction of three sets of variables at chemical, experiential, and behavioral levels with the diencephalon serving as the field of action.
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PMID:Overview of recent research in depression. Integration of ten conceptual models into a comprehensive clinical frame. 109 81

Very few epidemiological surveys have specifically studied relationships between sleep disturbances and psychiatric diseases. In this review, we preferred to use the classification proposed in 1979 by the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. It includes four main categories: insomnias, excessive sleepiness, troubles of the wake/sleep schedule and parasomnias. Evaluating psychiatric disorders among general populations is easier owing to DSM III and DSM III-R criteria, but there are not equivalent criteria in evaluating sleep disorders. It is almost impossible to realize polysomnographic recordings in large samples, therefore sleep disorders are to be detected by questionnaires. It has been shown that there is a good correlation between self-reports and polysomnographic recordings among clinical and general samples. The prevalence of insomnia, defined as difficulties of initiating and maintaining sleep, is estimated between 9 and 31%. It is higher among women, elderly people, separated and divorced subjects, and low educational levels' groups. It has to be noticed that polysomnographic records of some subjective insomniacs are not different from those of good sleepers, sleep latency excepted. These subjective (and not objective) insomniacs have high scores in anxiety scale, depression scale, or psychologic distress. Insomnia is more frequently noted amongst subjects with psychiatric diagnoses, especially major depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Depressive disorders are present in 21-40% of insomniacs versus 0-1% of non-insomniacs, and anxiety disorders in 13-24% of insomniacs versus 3-10% of non-insomniacs. In depressive disorders, sleep alterations are frequently noted: they are difficulties of initiating and maintaining sleep, decreasing proportion of slow-wave sleep, decreasing time of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and REM sleep latency, and increasing density of REM sleep. Of these modifications, the last two ones seem to be specific for depression. The relationships between sleep, aging and depression are more complex than previously noted. For example, differences between depressed and non-depressed subjects depend on the age of the population. The prevalence of hypersomnia is lower than the insomnia's. It varies between 2 and 4%. It is more frequently noted among young people, and never married subjects. Two specific aetiologies must be looked for: sleep apnea syndrome and narcolepsy. These diagnoses are respectively found in 45% and 24% of hypersomniacs examined in American Sleep Centers. Hypersomnias are objectived by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, which measures the physiologic sleep tendency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Sleep disorders in psychiatric diseases. Epidemiological aspects]. 129 83

Many, if not most, depressive disorders become recurrent conditions. It is now clear that virtually all recently remitted patients should receive 4 to 6 months of continuation therapy. Moreover, this phase of treatment should continue until the patient has achieved a clear-cut, durable period of recovery. Further, an extended course of maintenance pharmacotherapy is recommended for those patients at risk for subsequent recurrent episodes. In this paper, the rationale for long-term treatment is presented and common strategies are reviewed. Depressive disorders appear to become more autonomous, severe, and potentially refractory with each new episode. Thus, prevention of recurrent depression remains the best available strategy to ensure an optimal long-term outcome for patients with recurrent affective disorders.
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PMID:Long-term treatments of recurrent depressive disorders. 827 May 92

Depressive illness among the elderly is an important public health concern. However, treatment of the elderly may be complicated by age-related changes in physiology, general medical status, and susceptibility to side effects. There is therefore a need for improved treatment modalities for depressed elderly patients. Paroxetine is an antidepressant that acts through selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. It lacks the anticholinergic and cardiovascular side effects of most first- and second-generation antidepressants. The authors present the combined data from two similarly designed comparisons of paroxetine and doxepin in outpatients over 60 years of age with major depression. The results show that paroxetine was an effective as doxepin in alleviating depression as measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) total score, the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL) depression factor score. Paroxetine was significantly superior to doxepin on the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale for severity of illness, the HAM-D retardation factor, and the HAM-D depressed mood item. Doxepin produced significantly more anticholinergic effects, sedation, and confusion. Paroxetine was associated with more reports of nausea and headache. These results suggest that paroxetine may be a valuable tool for the treatment of major depression in the elderly.
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PMID:Two combined, multicenter double-blind studies of paroxetine and doxepin in geriatric patients with major depression. 153 27

It has been widely recognized that an appreciable proportion of chronic pain patients have depressive disorders. Although numerous studies and several literature reviews have examined the relationship between chronic pain and depression, disorders of mood come in many forms, and little attention has been paid to the different types of depressive disorders found among patients with chronic pain. In this article, the different ways in which a chronic pain patient may manifest depression are discussed. Diagnostic criteria for major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depression are described, and the relevance of these disorders and of masked depression to chronic pain is discussed. The medical illnesses and medications that can cause symptoms of depressive disorders are also briefly described. Depressive disorders and their concomitants are an integral part of the experience of chronic pain and are important in developing an optimal treatment plan. For these reasons, they should be carefully evaluated in all patients with chronic pain.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of depression in chronic pain patients. 180 23

Depressive illness in a patient with Down's syndrome and autism responded to fluoxetine. The importance of diagnosing superimposed depression in people with developmental disorders is emphasised.
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PMID:Depression in autistic disorder. 183 47

Depressive illness with initial onset after age 60 has different clinical and prognostic features compared to depression beginning at a younger age. We evaluated waking electroencephalograms (EEGs) in 61 elderly depressed patients (32 early onset, 29 late onset) without cognitive impairment and not receiving psychotropic medications. The groups were comparable for age, severity of Hamilton depression score, education, and Folstein Mini-Mental State scores. Conventional visual EEG analysis revealed no significant differences in the mean alpha rhythm, incidence of abnormal records, or types of EEG abnormalities. Computerized spectral EEG analysis was also performed in 48 patients (23 early onset, 25 late onset). There were no significant differences in the pooled parasagittal mean frequency, theta--beta difference, combined delta and theta percentage, or relative power of the frequency bands. Thus, waking EEGs do not differentiate between elderly patients with the initial onset of the depression before or after age 60.
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PMID:Age at initial onset of depression and waking EEG variables in the elderly. 206 41

Depressive disorders are frequently associated with alcohol abuse. Though many studies have been carried out to clarify the role of antidepressant drugs in the management of alcoholic patients, the data are controversial. The present placebo-controlled study was planned to assess the antidepressant and attenuating drinking-behaviour efficacy of viloxazine (400 mg per os daily) versus a placebo in 30 dysthymic patients affected by alcohol dependence. The results significantly favour viloxazine treatment in alleviating depression and in reducing alcohol abuse. All patients showed baseline haematochemical evidence of liver dysfunction that did not change significantly during the treatment.
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PMID:Alcoholism and depression: a placebo controlled study with viloxazine. 207 86


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