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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was conducted with 103 community-based, low-income, well elderly persons who resided in high-rise apartments and were functionally independent. The nursing framework was Roy and Roberts' (1981) adaptation model and techniques from Beck's (1976) theory on cognitive therapy. This study had the dual purpose of determining nurses' ability to identify normal adaptive reactive depression and use techniques from cognitive therapy for depressed subjects. These nurses were able to identify depression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition, revised) guidelines with 92% accuracy. Participants were divided into three groups: control group, crafts group, and experimental group. Over 8 weeks, the experimental group received nursing intervention aimed at reinforcing positive input thought patterns. Daily diaries were used for discussion. The experimental group demonstrated a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. The group receiving craft classes decreased their depression scores, suggesting attention-effects depression. The control group demonstrated no significant change in depression scores.
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PMID:Treating depression in well older adults: use of diaries in cognitive therapy. 173

The procedure of the multimodality personality investigation (MMPI) to examine the mental status and personality traits of 61 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis of limited extent. The clinical and psychodiagnostic examination has revealed the following general types of a response to the disease: alienation from the people around, depressive reaction (18%), negative attitude to treatment (16.1% of the patients refused treatment and 13.1% refused surgical treatment), social adaptation impairment, neglect of the generally accepted behaviour patterns and schizoid personality traits. Along with this, the individual forms of a response to disease detection were determined. They were manifested by a number of symptom complexes: hypochondriac (13.6%), anxiety-depressive (18.4%) and paranoid (9.1%). These mental disorders gravely affected the patients and made treatment of the basic disease more complicated. A long-term conservative treatment aggravated depression and hysterical and schizoid personality traits. The mental status and the types of response were shown to differ from the same reactions in somatic patients with other abnormalities.
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PMID:[Mental state of patients with restricted forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. 178 28

Plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol were measured in 30 depressed patients and 110 normal volunteers before and after a 1.0 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and the cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio were significantly higher in the depressives compared to the controls, even when age and sex were taken into account. Pre-dexamethasone plasma cortisol, post-dexamethasone cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and their ratio were significantly higher in the cortisol nonsuppressors than in the suppressors. The measurement of post-dexamethasone 11-deoxycortisol and the ratio did not differentiate between endogenous and reactive depression. Using the normative data, we explored several methods for determining a criterion value to define abnormal post-dexamethasone plasma 11-deoxycortisol and the cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio in depressed patients. All showed poor sensitivity and a low positive predictive value for depression. The measurement of 11-deoxycortisol thus does not enhance the clinical utility of the DST.
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PMID:Plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol activity in depressed patients and normal volunteers. 180 91

One promising research approach in the search for clinically meaningful diagnostic categories of depression has been the application of multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis to the evaluation of self-report and observer rating data. The contribution of factor analysis has been limited, however, by the application of traditional mathematical criteria in the analyses which typically produce too many factors. In this study, a criterion of replicability was applied with the aid of a factor matching procedure (FACTOREP). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was examined using FACTOREP and two large samples of depressed patients. The results showed that only a large general factor was present. Beyond the BDI studies, there has been debate on the validity of the endogenous versus reactive depression conceptualization. Despite the limited number of endogenous items in the BDI, the results here did not confirm the presence of two clear factors that represented endogenous and reactive groups of items.
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PMID:FACTOREP: a new tool to explore the dimensions of depression. 182 37

P3 latency, a brain event-related potential (ERP) correlate of stimulus evaluation time, was measured in 25 unmedicated depressed patients and 27 normal controls during auditory temporal and spatial discrimination tasks. Patients were divided into two subgroups, one having a typical major depression (melancholia or simple mood reactive depression) and one having an atypical depression. Typical depressives had abnormally long P3 latency for the spatial task but not the temporal task. They also showed an abnormal lateral asymmetry, with longer P3 latency for stimuli in the right hemifield than the left. In contrast, atypical depressives did not differ from normals in either respect. Longer P3 latency correlated with ratings of insomnia, while abnormal lateral asymmetry correlated with reduced right visual field advantage for syllables. The P3 latency findings point to a task-related slowing of perceptual decisions in a subgroup of depression.
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PMID:Event-related potentials in depression: influence of task, stimulus hemifield and clinical features on P3 latency. 191 15

We examined the relations between sociotropy and autonomy and clinical features of depression. Beck (1983) proposed that sociotropy is related to a sense of deprivation and clinical features associated with reactive depression and that autonomy is related to a sense of defeat and clinical features associated with endogenous depression. Robins, Block, & Peselow (1989) found support for the hypothesis for sociotropy but not for autonomy, and they suggested that the autonomy scale may be problematic. We administered new measures of sociotropy and autonomy and a more comprehensive assessment of clinical features to 50 unipolar depressed inpatients. The results support the selective relations of both sociotropy and autonomy to the predicted sets of clinical features. This study adds to the growing evidence that these personality dimensions are important to the understanding of depression.
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PMID:Sociotropy and autonomy: differential patterns of clinical presentation in unipolar depression. 200 74

A standardized interview was undertaken in twenty patients, mean age of 70, suffering from cataract fifteen days following extra-capsular extraction of the cataract, and implantation of a lens in the posterior chamber. The patients were selected on the basis that they had no risk factors of socio-psychological complications either during the illness or post-operatively. The study investigated retrospectively the impact of cataract on different aspects of personality and life-style in these patients. We also studied the degree of reactive depression in the postoperative period, as measured by the Hamilton depression scale. Although the precise psychological correlation between the two time periods was not possible, half of the patients suffered from a major affective disorder, as classified by DSM-III, 15 days before the operation and a quarter of these were depressed after the operation. Our results show this condition to be associated with considerable but non specific socio-affective upheaval in these patients.
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PMID:[Psychological impact of cataract surgery in the elderly patients]. 205 Sep 64

Out of a consideration of the relevance of interpersonal physical contact to mental health is developed the hypothesis that unsatisfactory physical contact experience predisposes to depression. This hypothesis is then systematically explored using self-ratings of depression and physical contact (and love) experience obtained on admission and at discharge from 254 unselected psychiatric in-patients. Following the demonstration of a strong association between unsatisfactory physical contact experience and depression a significant relationship is also found between depression and the experience of being not loved. These two relationships are shown to exist independently of one another and when direction of causation is investigated both unsatisfactory physical contact experience and the experience of being not loved are seen to be causal of depression rather than vice versa. Unsatisfactory physical contact experience, however, clearly has the greater utility as an indicator of depression-proneness. Different categories and different kinds of physical contact experience are explored, first in relation to depression generally and then to each of the three major forms of depressive illness. Considered too is the patterning of physical contact experience and love experience for each of these latter. The results suggest that depression generally tends to be more closely linked with stable than unstable unsatisfactory physical contact experience and with present rather than childhood such experience. In addition endogenous depression is seen to be characterised by an absence of any physical contact experience in the present, while manic-depressive psychosis combines unsatisfactory physical contact experience with the experience of being loved and shows a relative lack of exclusively bad physical contact experience in childhood. Reactive depression, however, emerges with no distinguishing features of this kind. There follows an examination of the relationships between unsatisfactory physical contact experience and those psychiatric conditions other than depression represented in the subject sample. This raises the possibility that unsatisfactory physical contact experience could also be closely linked with schizophreniform disorder and adjustment disorder. Finally it is suggested that, above all, physical contact experience may be a major determinant of the capacity to cope with stress. Unsatisfactory such experience might then be predisposing to a wide range of psychiatric disorders, with depression seen as a commonly occurring symptom of inadequate coping.
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PMID:Physical contact experience and depression. 208 15

The present study explored the role of genetic factors in the development of neurotic depression. Case studies of 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 14 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins from Robert Shapiro's 1970 study of non-endogenous depression were rediagnosed by two raters blind to the zygosity and identity of each twin. Diagnoses were made using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and George Winokur's 1985 criteria for neurotic-reactive depression. When neurotic depression was operationally defined using Winokur's criteria plus RDC major or definite minor depression, the concordance rate for MZ twins was significantly greater than that for DZ twins. Our results contrast with Shapiro's negative findings, probably due to our use of formal diagnostic criteria and Shapiro's requirement that cotwins be hospitalized to be considered concordant. The present results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of at least some forms of neurotic depression.
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PMID:The genetics of neurotic-reactive depression: a reanalysis of Shapiro's (1970) twin study using diagnostic criteria. 214 Mar 76

The severity of the depressive and apathy syndrome, which are factoranalytically derived from the AMDP-system is reported for 428 patients with a monopolar depression. The data are compared with the results from 79 patients with a bipolar depression, 192 with a neurotic depression and 89 with a depressive reaction. The percentile scores can be used for the evaluation of the severity of a depressive and apathy syndrome in comparison to a reference sample.
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PMID:[Percentile distribution of depression scales of the AMDP system]. 232 91


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