Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 33 patients with associated alcoholism and depressive syndrome were examined. Of these, 23 persons were diagnosed to suffer from depressive neurosis, 9 had reactive and 1 endogenous depression. After the reflexotherapy the depressive symptomatology was removed in all the cases excluding endogenous depression. The alcoholism symptomatology disappeared simultaneously. The authors regard reflexotherapy as an adequate modality to be applied to the combined treatment of patients suffering from associated alcoholism and depression.
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PMID:[Reflexotherapy in the treatment of alcoholics with depressive syndrome]. 164 36

We review research literature on psychotic (delusional) depression, including demographic, illness pattern, clinical, biological marker and treatment issues. Secondly, we report a study of a consecutive sample of 137 patients meeting criteria for DSM-III melancholia, RDC definite endogenous depression and our "clinical" criteria for endogenous depression, of whom there were 35 "psychotic depressives" (PDs). The PDs were contrasted with the remaining 76 depressives (EDs) and with an age and sex-matched subset (MEDs). The PDs were distinctly older than the EDs at assessment and at initial onset of any affective disorder. Compared to the MEDs, they tended to have longer illnesses, were more likely to be hospitalised (and to have longer stays), to receive (in the past and for the current episode) combination antipsychotic/antidepressant medication and/or ECT, and to have a poorer course over the following year. They were no more likely to have a bipolar pattern, a family history of depressive disorder, schizophrenia or alcoholism, or vegetative depressive features. Developmental psychosocial stressors and antecedent life event stressors were not over-represented. Most of the PDs had delusions, one-fifth reported hallucinations and psychomotor disturbance was marked. Other differential clinical findings were sustained mood disturbance, constipation, and the absence of a diurnal variation in mood and energy.
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PMID:Psychotic depression: a review and clinical experience. 167 37

Quantitatively, the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders is mainly a matter for the general practitioner and internist, although masked forms of depression are, of course, associated with specific problems. If careful examination suggests the likelihood of underlying endogenous depression, treatment with anti-depressants is indicated primarily. In this paper, the pharmacological properties of these drugs are briefly reviewed, and basic suggestions for their practical application discussed. Both in the hospital and outpatient setting, therapy-resistant forms of endogenous depression pose a major problem: these patients are often elderly and the clinical presentation may be that of a masked depression. However, special therapeutic strategies may often have a positive effect in such cases.
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PMID:[Antidepressive agents in the treatment of masked moods]. 168 3

A group of 250 patients with endogenous depression was studied. Amitriptyline proved to be the most effective drug (51% positive responses) followed by noxiptilin (50%), imipramine (42%), dibenzepin (43%). Clomipramine, desipramine, and nomifensine appeared to be the least effective. Demographic or clinical factors such as age, sex, type of affective illness, severity of depressive syndrome or its particular symptoms (depression, fear, anxiety, psychomotor impairment or biological rhythm alteration) did not show any potential for prediction of the treatment outcome. Worse therapeutic results were observed in patients who had already been given antidepressant treatment for the current depressive cycle before the assessment.
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PMID:[Results of using tricyclic antidepressive drugs in the treatment of endogenous depression (comparative analysis of 7 drugs)]. 168 87

Suicidal syndromes were analyzed in 339 patients older than 45 years. Psychiatric treatment was instituted because of endogenous, neurotic or reactive depression. Differences in the relationship between diagnosis, sex and two age groups are discussed. Violent suicide increases with age concomitantly in all forms of depression. The prevalence of suicide after the age of 45 points toward the significance of particular life events and social influences. Life events and psychodynamic leading to suicidal behaviour are discussed Characteristic arrays of symptoms correlating with suicidal behaviour in endogenous depression are outlined. Special problems in the management of suicidal behaviour in the elderly are discussed.
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PMID:[Suicidal risk in endogenous, neurotic and reactive depression in advanced age]. 169 25

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by severe persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It has been proposed that the abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity which have been documented in patients with CFS may be attributable to a clinical depression, prevalent in patients with this disorder. Cell-mediated immune status was evaluated in patients with carefully defined CFS and compared with that of matched subjects with major depression (non-melancholic, non-psychotic) as well as healthy control subjects. Patients with CFS demonstrated impaired lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, and reduced or absent delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses when compared either with subjects with major depression or with healthy control subjects (P less than 0.05 for each analysis). Although depression is common in patients with CFS, the disturbances of cell-mediated immunity in this disorder differ in prevalence and magnitude from those associated with major depression. These observations strengthen the likelihood of a direct relationship between abnormal cell-mediated immunity and the etiology of CFS.
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PMID:Cell-mediated immunity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, healthy control subjects and patients with major depression. 173 40

The German version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 477 depressed in- and out-patients, 180 patients with chronic pain and 86 matched healthy control subjects. Earlier studies have applied the German BDI successfully, but only on students and other non-clinical samples. The clinical use of the BDI was found to have good internal consistency and validity. Cronbach's alpha reached 0.88, the average item-total correlation was 0.47. With one exception (weight loss), all items showed significant item-total correlation with the overall severity of depression. Correlations with other self-rating scales were 0.72 and 0.74 and with the Hamilton rating scale 0.34 and 0.37. A factor analysis showed a general factor as the most appropriate solution. Age, sex, and diagnostic subgroups (e.g. endogenous depression) had no significant influence on these results. A score of 18 and higher indicates depressive symptoms severe enough to require further clinical consideration. The BDI is also sensitive to changes in symptomatology over one week or one month, and can be used for pre-post comparisons in psychological and/or pharmacological interventions. Altogether, the German BDI proved to be a useful psychometric instrument for measuring the intensity of depressive symptoms in clinical samples.
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PMID:[The Beck Depression Inventory in clinical practice]. 177 Sep 69

Sleep EEG and the nocturnal secretion of cortisol and testosterone in 12 male patients (mean age 46.4 +/- 11.26 years) with major endogenous depression were investigated concomitantly during acute depression, before treatment and after recovery and drug cessation. Testosterone concentration increased after remission, while cortisol secretion decreased. Sleep EEG disturbances remained unchanged in remitted patients. The data suggest that a blunted testosterone and an elevated cortisol secretion are state markers of acute depression, which normalize independently from sleep structure. An interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis appears likely.
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PMID:Sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of testosterone and cortisol in patients with major endogenous depression during acute phase and after remission. 177 14

That endurance training changes resting plasma beta-endorphin (BE) at the same time that there are improvements in non-clinical depression was tested in medically healthy middle-aged men (40-60 years). Subjects were self-selected based on compliance into treatment (T, n = 10) and placebo (P, n = 6) groups. T attended an eight month fitness program. P had less than 50% attendance in the program. Treadmill tests at the pre and post program were used to estimate the Physical Fitness Score (PFS). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used to measure depression. All psychological scores were within non-pathological, normal limits. BE was measured with the subjects fasting and resting in the early morning. BE, detected by radioimmunoassay, decreased (p less than .005) from pre 48.53 +/- 3.32 (SE) to post 31.73 +/- 4.43 pg/ml in T. The MMPI depression score also decreased in T (p less than .05) from pre 58.90 +/- 2.81 (SE) to post 53.20 +/- 1.48 T-score units. In contrast, the PFS increased in T (p less than .005) from pre 254.57 +/- 18.62 (SE) to post 304.94 +/- 15.95 PFS units. No pre to post program changes were detected in P. In conclusion, endurance training of eight months duration appeared to decrease the resting plasma BE concentrations and the MMPI depression scores of the middle-aged men in the present study.
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PMID:Decreases in resting plasma beta-endorphin and depression scores after endurance training. 180 32

The choice of an antidepressant according to the possible course of depression is a fundamental step in the treatment approach. Socio-demographic factors are considered in order to predict the outcome of depression receiving an adequate treatment. Only a few studies deal with this topic, probably because of the role the same factors play in the occurrence of depression. The influence of age, sex, marital status, socio-economic level and life events on compliance with treatment is considered as well as main clinical issues such as treatment resistance, risk of chronicity and of suicide. Generally speaking, socio-demographic factors do not constitute a major parameter when selecting an antidepressant. They are useful to identify patients at risk requiring special therapeutic measures. The poor prognosis of depression in males after 65 has must be emphatized, as well as the negative influence of life events occurring during the course of endogenous depression. Conversely, a decrease in the number of life events or a life event experiencing a new start in life, play an important role in the improvement of depression according to Brown. Those factors remain in the background of the pathological process and of its evolution, acting indirectly, with a poor association power. Moreover, most of those predictors have been determined a posteriori.
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PMID:[Depressive disorders. Sociodemographic factors predicting therapeutic response]. 180 61


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