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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study undertook to compare the efficacy of dibenzepin and amitriptyline in the treatment of endogenous depression. The outcome of the study was that both drugs appear to be equally effective in the treatment of depression, but dibenzepin was more efficient in reducing associated anxiety. Both drugs are appropriate to the treatment of psychotic depression, and work equally rapid. There was also a tendency for dibenzepin to elicit less intense side effects.
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PMID:A double blind study of the antidepressants dibenzepin (Noveril) and amitriptyline. 0 49

A relationship between brain monamines and endogenous depression is suggested by observations on the mode of action of drugs producing or alleviating depressive symptoms. For example, reserpine is capable of faithfully mimicking the clinical picture of endogenous depression, which may be related to monoamine depletion. On the other hand, antidepressant drugs, e.g. the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the tricyclic antidepressants and the monoamine precursors appear to increase the availability of monoamines at postsynaptic receptor sites. The different classes of antidepressant agents in general appear to potentiate each other's actions, according to animal data and clinical observations. Studies on the mode of action of tricyclic antidepressants with different profiles and on monoamine precursors suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine is primarily involved in the control of mood, and noradrenaline in psychomotor activity. Clincial investigations initiated by the drug studies have demonstrated changes in monoamine metabolism in endogenous depression. The available evidence thus suggests a causal relationship between disturbances in monoamine metabolism and depression.
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PMID:The contribution of drug research to investigating the nature of endogenous depression. 1 May 84

Some investigators have found benzodiazepines effective in the treatment of anxious depression and thus have argued that benzodiazepines were "antidepressants." We reviewed the literature on benzodiazepines in depressive disorders. Comparative studies indicate they are less effective than standard antidepressants in the treatment of several types of depressive illnesses. Although they display definite anxiolytic properties and may elevate mood, they exert limited effect on the core symptoms of endogenous depression. An argument is made that benzodiazepines are primarily anxiolytic rather than antidepressant.
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PMID:Benzodiazepines in depressive disorders. 3 Apr 28

Details of treatment remain imprecise in depression, as the trials of antidepressants have been more concerned with overall effectiveness than with specificity. The aetiology in depression does not provide sufficient guidance for treatment, even though drugs are preferred for endogenous depression and psychotherapy for neurotic depression. An unitary formulation of depression can be postulated on the basis of the concept of regression; endogenous and reactive depression would then stem from the nature of the depressed subject's personality. Such an approach can encompass the various possible aetiologies in depression: biochemical, psychological and social, without necessarily contrasting them. In this connection, depression is a psychobiological syndrome within which there may be different symptomatic pictures, depending notably upon the various monoamine hypotheses raised in numerous studies. In that event, possible correlations between biochemical abnormalities and certain clinical manifestations may better guide the selection of drugs.
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PMID:[Depressive symptomatology and type of treatment (author's transl)]. 4 68

1. Neuroleptic drugs are still widely employed in childhood psychoses, but new experiences on a large number of cases in this field, have shown the usefullness of antidepressive drugs, either alone or associated with neuroleptics, also when depressive symptoms are not clearly evident. 2. This peculiar aspect, still noticed in pathological situations of less gravity, calls again attention to childhood depression and to the difficulty of identifying it. 3. The problem is developed and discussed as follows: a. The psychopathological features regarded from the psychodynamic point of view; b. The neurofunctional background in various ages; c. The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drugs; d. The good results with lithium treatment in several cases allow the authors to outline some clinical pictures as well as biochemical markers as to recognize endogenous depression in childhood.
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PMID:Psychopharmacological perspectives in childhood psychoses. 4 65

Not all side-effects are undesirable side-effects of a treatment. Under certain conditions allergic side-effects during the therapy of phasic psychotics affect a turn in the course of the basic illness and bring a premature end to depression. As a result of the observation of a sudden cure of a deep vital depression in a 73 year old patient in direct chronological connection with the appearance of an allergic urticaria, studies were carried out, in the 8 years following, of a total of 18 cases of similar circumstances; during the treatment of an endogenous depression the development of intercurrent allergic skin reactions showed: in 6 cases the psychosis completely disappeared with the development of the urticaria; in 8 cases the symptoms were considerably relieved so that only the remains of vegetative disorders persisted; in 4 cases no effect could be determined. In 2 cases the same allergic reaction was consciously provoked by a reapplication of the medicaments concerned during a following depressive phase; again with favourable results since under these conditions coincidences are not very probable, the conclusion can be made, and experimentally supported, that allergic drug reactions may be employed in the course of depressions, with careful avoidance of complications.
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PMID:[Favorable, unfavorable and indifferent side effects of pharmacotherapy of psychoses]. 14 3

In the treatment of endogenous depression by rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation, depression improvement, measured on Hamilton and Global scales, correlated positively and significantly (P less than .05) with REM pressure (increase of REM sleep stimulated by REM sleep deprivation). This dose-response relationship suggests that (1) REM pressure was an indicator of a process that mediated the antidepressant effects of REM sleep deprivation, and (2) since improvement varied with stimulation of REM sleep, an unknown stimulus of REM sleep is a naturally occurring, endogenous antidepressant.
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PMID:Endogenous depression improvement and REM pressure. 18 25

The possibility of preventing endogenous depression may depend upon our understanding the brain mechanisms involved in the improvement of depression. Recent work in our laboratory has shed some light on these mechanisms. I will first describe this work and then suggest its possible preventive implications. Throughout this paper, the term depression means endogenous depression unless stated otherwise.
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PMID:REM sleep and the prevention of endogenous depression. 23 94

Effectiveness of 5-hydroxy-L-trytophan as an antidepressant drug was studied with 59 patients with depressive symptoms using Rating Scale for Depression made by Clinico-Psychopharmacology Research Group in Japan for a preparatory step of a double blind clinical study of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan treatment of depression. A daily dose of 150--300 mg of 5-hydroxyl-L-tryptophan was administered for three weeks. Favorable responses were observed in 40 patients (67.8%), of whom 13 patients were markedly improved. These effects were noticed in 32 patients (80% of the improved patients) within a week of the treatment. Analysis of General Improvement Rating in the various subtypes of depressive symptoms indicated that endogenous depression and involutional or senile depression were the preferable indication of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan loading. The main side effects of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were gastrointestinal disturbances which were minimized by the simultaneous administration of metoclopromide or trihexyphenidyl.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan as an antidepressant drug. 30 22

1. Central dopamine turnover may be lowered in patients with unipolar endogenous depression particularly when associated with retardation. 2. Nomifensine selectively activates the central dopaminergic system and may be of special therapeutic value in patients with motor inhibition. 3. A double-blind comparison of clomipramine and nomifensine was carried out in patients with recurrent unipolar depression. Biochemical and clinical assessments were carried out weekly for 4 weeks. 4. The mean homovanillic acid level in cisternal liquor of those patients who responded to nomifensine, was significantly lower than the mean level of the total group. 5. The factor "retardation" on the Hamilton Depression Scale was improved more with nomifensine than with clomipramine.
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PMID:Controlled study comparing nomifensine and clomipramine in unipolar depression, using the probenecid technique. 33 21


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