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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dental Caries are an uncommon, but significant side effect of the tricyclic antidepressants and other anticholinergic psychoactive drugs. The authors trace the etiological aspects of this syndrome including the effects of depression and antidepressant medication on salivary properties. A typical clinical presentation of the syndrome is described and the side effect profiles of the various tricyclic antidepressants are compared. With this clinical background guidelines for the management of dry mouth are presented, emphasizing the importance of technical skill, safety and continuity of care.
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PMID:Rampant dental caries in the treatment of depression. 58 Feb 66

Aspects of the morbidity, growth, and psychopathology were studied in 186 children living in the barrio of La Coma, a marginal urban zone of Valencia. The children were compared with 100 controls randomly selected at the emergency room of the La Fe Children's Hospital. The barrio of La Coma contained around 5000 low income and disadvantaged residents. 46% of the population was under 16 and 20% were gypsies. Parents or grandparents of the 186 subjects and 100 controls were interviewed in 1991. 2 groups of 55 subjects and 100 controls aged 12- 14 were formed for the study of mental health. 2 questionnaire scales measuring children's anxiety levels were used, the "State Trait Anxiety Inventory of Children" and the "Children's Anxiety Scale". The "Children's Depression" questionnaire scale was used to measure symptoms of depression, and a scale test was used to obtain personality profiles. Both groups were similar in age, sex, and birth place. The control group had a significantly higher average duration of residence in the current location, 14.46 years vs. 3.86 years. The subject children were significantly less likely to have health coverage and more likely to live in female-headed households. The average educational level of the subject children's parents was lower, they were less likely to own their homes, and they had significantly fewer consumer goods such as telephones, automobiles, and televisions. None of the control children lived in households affected by drug addiction, prostitution, delinquency, or alcoholism, but 13.2% of subject children had at least one family member with one of these conditions. Control children were significantly more likely to have received prenatal care and to be completely vaccinated. No significant differences were observed in rates of prematurity or low birth weight, initiation of breastfeeding, dental caries in children over 15 months old, incidence of respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, weight, or anxiety. Control children were significantly taller than subject children. Subject children had significantly higher rates of depression and of personality disorders and overall psychological pathology.
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PMID:[Morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology in marginal populations in suburban areas]. 163 46

Continuous economic development and evolving social systems have created unique challenges for school health personnel in Taiwan. Due in part to economic growth and an improving health care system, average life expectancy has increased markedly for males and females since 1950. Traditional leading causes of death such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gastroenteritis have been replaced by accidents, neoplasms, and cardiovascular diseases. Schoolchildren suffer from various disorders that include hepatitis B, dental caries, and health problems related to scholastic pressure such as myopia, anxiety, and depression. However, new problems such as violence, substance use, and teen-age pregnancy may develop in the future. In response to the challenge, an extensive school health program has emerged that emphasizes school health instruction, school health services, and a healthful school environment. Increased attention has focused on teacher preparation in health education, and a cooperative approach to school health promotion emphasizes school, community, and interagency cooperation. Prompted by the establishment in 1980 of the Graduate Institute of Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, school-based research initiatives have increased dramatically. Eighteen recommendations for further improvement are offered.
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PMID:Taiwan, R.O.C.: perspectives in school health. 224 77

This study investigated the effects of oral diazepam administered at home to fearful child patients prior to dental treatment. Twenty-five healthy, uncooperative children, mean age 3 years 8 months (+/- 1 year 3 months), requiring at least three visits for the treatment of dental caries, were studied. Each child's behaviour was assessed during three treatment sessions: (i) control, with no diazepam or placebo; (ii) with diazepam; and (iii) with a placebo. Each child acted as his/her own control, being initially assigned to the control session. Subsequently each was randomly assigned to receive either diazepam or placebo for the second session and the other for the third session. The diazepam and placebo were administered by the parents at home approximately 60 minutes before treatment. Each patient's behaviour was assessed on a scale of 1 (definitely positive) to 4 (definitely negative) by two calibrated examiners who were blind to the medications given and independent of the treatment. Vital signs were monitored at 5-minute intervals. Behaviour was significantly better with diazepam than with the placebo or with neither. No significant differences were observed between the placebo and control sessions. At no time were any adverse effects noted, such as vomiting or respiratory depression. It was concluded that oral administration of 0.3 mg/kg diazepam at home by the parent is an effective and safe technique for preoperative sedation of fearful child patients.
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PMID:A study of the sedative effect of home-administered oral diazepam for the dental treatment of children. 869 84

Our earlier work demonstrated that the sweetener sucralose, C12 H19 CI3 O8, mixed with water had no effect on intraoral plaque pH. The current study compared the effect on resting plaque pH of sucralose to sucrose when these sweeteners were used in hot coffee at equivalent sweetness levels. Twelve subjects with an identified acidogenic plaque were tested at dicrete sessions, using coffee as vehicle with: (1) sucrose; (2) sucralose; (3) sucralose plus maltodextrin (SM); (4) sucralose plus dextrose and maltodextrin (SMD), and (5) no additional sweetener. Each subject rinsed for 1 min with the test rinse, expectorated, and plaque pH was measured at six dental sites for 60 min using an antimony touch electrode method. Data were summarized for baseline pH, delta pH (baseline pH minus lowest pH attained), minimum pH, and area under the pH curve (AUC). Baseline pH was not different throughout all tests. Quantification of AUC in the various groups showed that sucralose with coffee had no statistically significant impact on plaque acidogenesis. AUC, minimum pH and delta pH were least changed by coffee and sucralose, while the SM and SMD combinations generally led to intermediate changes as compared with coffee sweetened with sucrose or sucralose. Because of its acidic nature, unsweetened coffee led to a modest pH depression, the effect of which appears to be blunted by sucralose. This study confirms that sucralose is non-acidogenic and indicates that sucralose may reduce the acidogenic potential of coffee.
Caries Res 1996
PMID:Effect of sucralose in coffee on plaque pH in human subjects. 883 38

In this article, attention is focused on oral pathology, particularly dental caries, caused by hyposalivation as a consequence of (long-term) use of antidepressants. Changes in clinical psychiatric practice and increasing numbers of prescriptions of antidepressants in primary care and specialty care settings have made awareness of this risk even more relevant than in the past. Normal physiology of salivary glands and changes in the secretion of saliva during use of antidepressants are described. Monitoring, prevention, and treatment of hyposalivation induced by antidepressants are encouraged as an adjunct in the clinical management of depression.
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PMID:Risks for oral health with the use of antidepressants. 965 32

We report on a Japanese family having an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with chromosomal instability and radiosensitivity. Clinical manifestations of affected members included short stature, osteoporosis, severe dental caries, and various neurological abnormalities, such as mental retardation, depression, dysarthria, hyperreflexia, and ataxic gait. MRI demonstrated a markedly atrophic spinal cord and degeneration of the white matter. Cytogenetic examination showed spontaneous chromosome rearrangements at 14q11.2 and hypersensitivity to radiation and bleomycin. The degree of these cytogenetic abnormalities was significantly higher in the patients than in normal controls but lower than in patients with ataxia telangiectasia or Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Moreover, genetic anticipation was observed in this family: the age of disease onset became earlier, MRI abnormalities more extensive, and the chromosome hypersensitivity to radiation increased in successive generations. We speculate that a basic defect in this family is a mutation in the gene that is responsible for DNA double-strand breakage repair.
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PMID:Japanese family with an autosomal dominant chromosome instability syndrome: a new neurodegenerative disease? 1103 37

Bipolar disorder (manic depressive disease) affects 1% of the United States population. These persons suffer from episodes of extreme elation followed by long periods of depression. Dental screening examinations of 40 patients consecutively admitted to the medical center with this diagnosis were performed. Poor oral hygiene, accumulations of supragingival and subgingival calculus, extensive dental caries, and numerous missing teeth were commonly identified. The majority of patients with bipolar disorder are treated with lithium carbonate. The physiological effects of lithium, and its interaction with drugs used in dentistry are reviewed, and disease-specific modifications in dental treatment are recommended.
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PMID:Dental conditions in patients with bipolar disorder on long-term lithium maintenance therapy. 1110 Feb 24

We investigated the relationship of edentulousness, dental health, and dental health behavior to depressive symptoms in the 55-year-old population of Oulu (a medium-sized Finnish town), 780 of whom (78%) participated. The dental examination included an assessment of oral health status. Depressive symptoms were determined with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The participants were also asked about their dental health behavior, smoking habits, health, life satisfaction, and factors related to their work. Depressive symptoms were associated with edentulousness among non-smoker men. When further evaluated by logistic regression analysis, edentulousness was independently associated with depressive symptoms in this subpopulation (odds ratio = 6.4, confidence interval = 1.4-29.2) after adjusting for confounding factors. Depressive symptoms were not associated with dental caries, periodontal status, or number of teeth. The dentate women with high rates of depressive symptoms had a more negative attitude towards preserving their natural teeth, used sugary products more frequently, reported a longer time since their last dental visit, and tended to have a lower percentage of filled tooth surfaces than the non-depressed dentate women. The aspect of depression should be borne in mind by dentists when treating edentulous patients. On the other hand, certain subgroups of depressed patients might benefit from dental implant therapy. Thus, the importance of teamwork between clinicians, psychiatrists, and dentists is emphasized.
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PMID:Relationship of depressive symptoms to edentulousness, dental health, and dental health behavior. 1183 92

Depressive disorders traditionally reside outside the realm of customary dental practice. Nonetheless, one in every five patients who visits a dentist experiences clinically significant symptoms of depression. The clinical implications of this are substantial. Depression is associated with diminished salivary flow and the complaint of dryness of mouth. It is associated with a diminished and distorted taste sensation, and a higher oral lactobacillus count. Depression is a risk factor for the development of dental caries, periodontal disease, and the erosive variant of oral lichen planus. Antidepressant medications can produce xerostomia, dysgeusia and bruxism. Depressive illness is a legitimate medical condition, with recognizable signs and symptoms, definable pathophysiology, and a significant response to treatment. Unfortunately, despite the availability of effective therapeutic measures, the majority of patients remain untreated. Routine dental checkup visits provide an opportunity for screening.
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PMID:Are your patients depressed? Implications for dental practice. 1275 71


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