Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 1974, 114 patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever were studied at the Bankok Children's Hospital. Over 40% of the patients had dengue shock syndrome. Five fatal cases were included in the study. Primary dengue infections were identified by absent or low titered antibodies in acute sera and the sequential development of IgM antibodies followed by IgG antibodies during convalescence. Three patients, aged 4,8, and 12 years, had primary dengue infections with shock. Although no convalescent sera could be tested two other patients, aged 7 to 12 years, with fatal disease also appeared to have primary infections. At the time of shock patients with primary infections had subnormal concentrations of complement factor 3. The data show that in older children dengue shock syndrome associated with complement depression can occur during primary as well as secondary infections.
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PMID:Shock syndrome in primary dengue infections. 100 31

Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) in children is reliably associated with the presence of dengue antibody--actively or passively acquired--before the onset of illness. Limited observations by electron microscopy and fluorescent antibody testing and the recovery of virus from tissues obtained at autopsy show that dengue viruses are consistently associated with cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. In particular, virus is associated with Kupffer cells, pulmonary macrophages, and mononuclear cells in skin and blood. Endothelial cells fail to demonstrate necrosis or inflammatory changes. Since acute vascular permeability, shock, and hemorrhage occur late in illness, a plausible hypothesis is that phlogistic factors, resulting from interactions with elements of the immune response, are released from virus-infected mononuclear phagocytes. Such phenomena as generalized depression of mitotic activity of bone marrow cells, destruction of mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes, complement activation, and abnormal hemostasis may serve as markers of these phlogistic factors. It will be of interest to establish whether other viral hemorrhagic fevers involve the same target cells as in DHF/DSS and are mediated by similar effector mechanisms.
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PMID:Antibody, macrophages, dengue virus infection, shock, and hemorrhage: a pathogenetic cascade. 266 15

In a study of 55 persons with dengue haemorrhagic fever-36 of whom showed the dengue shock syndrome-clinical, haematological, virological, and serological changes were correlated with serial measurements of complement components and immunopathological studies. Viruses dengue-1 or dengue-2 were isolated from the sera of 9 patients. Serological responses indicative of secondary dengue virus infections were observed in 53 patients; 2 (infants) had primary infections. During the acute phase of the disease, dengue antibody titres rose logarithmically. Marked depression of complement components, especially C3, was observed. Activation of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was demonstrated, with depression of both C4 and C3 proactivator levels in most instances, although in some cases it appeared that one mechanism was involved to a greater extent than the other. The level of depression of C3 was correlated with the severity of the disease. Relatively stable transferrin levels indicated that depletion of complement proteins was not primarily due to extravasation. Fibrinogen levels were depressed and fibrinogen split products were found in the plasma. The accumulated data provide further evidence of the central role that activated complement components play in the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever.
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PMID:Pathogenetic mechanisms in dengue haemorrhagic fever: report of an international collaborative study. 457 23

Nine children in the age group of new born to 10 years were seen during the period October 1989 to January 1993 with varying manifestations of Myocarditis. This ranged from cardiogenic shock due to fulminant cardiac failure, recurrent wheezy episodes (mistakenly treated as bronchial asthma) bronchiolitis and rhythm disturbances. Clinical picture was collaborated by radiological evidence of cardiomegaly, ECG changes of low voltage QRS complexes with ST depression, T wave inversion or signs of left ventricular dilatation. SGOT, SGPT, CPK, LDH were elevated significantly in 7 cases. Echocardiographic changes ranged from left ventricular dilatation to global hypokinesia and mild mitral incompetence. Viral studies suggested infection with Coxsackie B1 in 4 cases, B4 in 2, B5 in 2 and Dengue 3 in 1 case. All the children recovered well with routine anti failure measures and treatment of arrhythmias and 2 children needed steroid therapy. At the end of follow up of 6 months to 1 year there has been complete reversal of ECHO changes to normal. Viral Myocarditis can manifest in varied ways in children and if treated adequately may lead to complete recovery.
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PMID:Varied manifestations of viral myocarditis. 792 2

The effect of dengue type 2 virus (DV) and the cytokines induced by it, on the chemiluminescence (CL) response of mouse spleen cells was studied by luminol-dependent CL. Following intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of DV, an initial increase in CL response was observed which was followed by a sharp decline from the 4th day post-infection with lowest values on days 5 and 6. DV-induced depression of CL was inhibited by pretreatment of mice with antisera against the two DV-induced cytokines, the cytotoxic factor (CF) and the cytotoxin (CF2), but antisera against the other two helper (HF) or suppressor (SF) cytokines had minimal effect. Inoculation of CF or CF2 into mice depressed the CL in dose-dependent manner at 2 hours but increased it at the 3rd day. Inoculation of HF or SF had no significant effect. Treatment of mice with the cytokines in presence of the specific antisera had an enhancing effect on the CL response. The antisera alone had no effect on CL. Thus, these findings indicate that DV infection impaired the generation of respiratory burst, and the impairment appeared to be mediated by two DV-induced cytokines (CF/CF2). Targetting of the cytokines to M phi was significantly enhanced in the presence of specific anti-cytokine antibodies.
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PMID:Depression of chemiluminescence during dengue virus infection of mice: role of cytokines. 821 80

With up to 100 million cases annually, dengue fever is today's most important arboviral disease. Dengue fever is endemic in many parts of South-East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Oceania and the Americas. The disease mainly affects the local population, but occasionally also visitors from non-endemic areas. In this article we present epidemiological and clinical data on all 26 cases with serological confirmed dengue fever diagnosed in Norway in 1991-1996. 21 patients (81%) were infected in Asia. Typical exanthema, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were seen in 71%, 79% and 84% of the cases, respectively. A 37-year-old Indian-born woman developed dengue haemorrhagic fever grade 1 after a visit to New Delhi, while the remaining 25 patients had classical dengue fever. Postinfectious complications were common, and four weeks after the acute illness, hair loss, mental depression and asthenia were reported by 45%, 50% and 100% of the cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Dengue fever imported to Norway. Serologically confirmed cases 1991-96]. 944 67

Decreased proliferative responses to mitogens and recall Ags have been observed in PBMC obtained during several acute human viral infections. To determine whether cell-mediated responses are altered during acute dengue infection, we examined the proliferative responses of PBMC from children enrolled in a prospective study of dengue infections in Thailand. All responses of PBMC during acute illness were compared with the same patients' PBMC obtained at least 6 mo after their infection. Proliferative responses to PHA, anti-CD3, tetanus toxoid, and dengue Ags were decreased significantly in PBMC obtained during the acute infection. The proliferative responses to PHA were restored by the addition of gamma-irradiated autologous convalescent or allogeneic PBMC. Cell contact with the irradiated PBMC was necessary to restore proliferation. Non-T cells from the acute PBMC of dengue patients did not support proliferation of T cells from control donors in response to PHA, but T cells from the PBMC of patients with acute dengue proliferated if accessory cells from a control donor were present. Addition of anti-CD28 Abs restored anti-CD3-induced proliferation of the PBMC of some patients. The percentage of monocytes was reduced in the acute sample of PBMC of the dengue patients. Addition of IL-2 or IL-7, but not IL-4 or IL-12, also restored proliferation of acute PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3. The results demonstrate that both quantitative and qualitative defects in the accessory cell population during acute dengue illness result in a depression of in vitro T cell proliferation.
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PMID:Impaired T cell proliferation in acute dengue infection. 1022 44

The pathophysiological basis of hemorrhage in dengue infections remains poorly understood, despite the increasing global importance of these infections. A large prospective study of 167 Vietnamese children with dengue shock syndrome documented only minor prolongations of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times but moderate to severe depression of plasma fibrinogen concentrations. A detailed study of 48 children revealed low plasma concentrations of the anticoagulant proteins C, S, and antithrombin III, which decreased with increasing severity of shock, probably because of capillary leakage. Concurrent increases in the levels of thrombomodulin, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) indicated increased production of these proteins. Thrombomodulin levels suggestive of endothelial activation correlated with increasing shock severity, whereas PAI-1 levels correlated with bleeding severity. Dengue virus can directly activate plasminogen in vitro. Rather than causing true disseminated intravascular coagulation, dengue infection may activate fibrinolysis primarily, degrading fibrinogen directly and prompting secondary activation of procoagulant homeostatic mechanisms.
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PMID:Coagulation abnormalities in dengue hemorrhagic Fever: serial investigations in 167 Vietnamese children with Dengue shock syndrome. 1211 93

In Thailand, water-storage jars, barrels, drums, pails, and tanks constitute vast developmental sites for Aedes aegypti in urban, semiurban, and rural areas. Earthen water jars, cement jars, and concrete tanks constitute the greatest proportion of artificial containers where Ae. aegypti breed. This species is a major vector of the causal agents of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and vector control by larviciding is one of the main approaches to disease control. At present, temephos sand granules (SG) (1%) are used in large-scale community-based larviciding programs. Because of the use of this larvicide over the past 30 years, the likelihood exists that Ae. aegypti already has become resistant to this larvicide. To develop more options for control and make them available for use, we evaluated VectoBac tablets (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis [Bti] 5%) and a new formulation of zeolite granules (ZG) of temephos (1%) and compared these formulations for efficacy with temephos SG (1%) in water-storage jars. In these tests, we used 48 identical glazed earthen water-storage jars (200-liter capacity) and developed quantitative sampling procedures for larvae, pupae, and pupal skins. Pupal skins were the easiest to count and this technique was used for the 1st time for assessing emergence of adults in water-storage containers. Three water regimens were used: full jars, half-full jars, and full jars emptied half way and refilled weekly. The 3 formulations with 3 regimens of water were assessed over a period of 6 months. VectoBac tablets at the dosage of 1 tablet or 0.37 g per 50 liters of water provided excellent control for about 112 days in full water jars. In the other 2 water regimens, VectoBac gave excellent control for 90 days. The 2 temephos formulations at the operational rate of 5 g per 50 liters of water were equal in efficacy, yielding almost 100% control for more than 6 months. Unlike temephos SG, the temephos ZG had no objectionable odor. Both the temephos ZG and Bti tablets increased clarity of the water, a feature desired by the users. Lack of odor and depression of turbidity are important attributes of Bti tablets and temephos ZG.
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PMID:Procedures for the evaluation of field efficacy of slow-release formulations of larvicides against Aedes aegypti in water-storage containers. 1508 6

A high incidence of cardiac complications was observed in an outbreak of dengue fever at General Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, in 2005. This report describes 120 serologically confirmed dengue fever patients who presented during the outbreak. Seventy-five (62.5%) of these patients had electrocardiogram changes (T inversion, ST depression, bundle branch blocks) and were assigned to the 'cardiac group' (50 females, 25 males; median age 34 years, range 13-76). These patients were more susceptible to fatigue, dyspnoea, low peripheral oxygen saturation in room air (P=0.001), chest pain (P=0.001) and flushing of skin (P=0.05) than 45 (37.5%) patients who had normal electrocardiograms and made up the 'non-cardiac group'. In the cardiac group there were 31 primary and 44 secondary dengue patients. In the cardiac group, 17 (23%) patients had hypotension and 58 (77%) developed tachycardia and bradycardia (P<0.001) compared to four (9%) in the non-cardiac group, suggestive of significant cardiac dysfunction. There was no correlation between pulse rate and body temperature: cardiac group (r=0.05; P=0.63); non-cardiac group (r=0.11, P=0.46). RT-PCR detected DEN-3 in three cardiac patients.
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PMID:Cardiac complications of a dengue fever outbreak in Sri Lanka, 2005. 1918 46


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