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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of all strokes 75% occur in people over age 65, and the incidence of stroke rises with age. Because swallowing problems often result, the elderly stroke patient is at risk for dysphagia and its complications. Acute and chronic swallowing problems are associated with many complications including dehydration, malnutrition, aspiration, pneumonitis, depression and even death. These complications make swallowing problems in the aged stroke patient an important focus for nursing attention. Nurses must be aware of the complexity of normal swallowing mechanisms, knowledgeable about the aged stroke patient's risk for dysphagia, aware of the importance of early detection and treatment of dysphagia and confident about their role in dysphagia assessment and treatment regimen. This information can be used in the assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of the elderly dysphagic stroke patient.
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PMID:Dysphagia in the elderly stroke patient. 807 79

The physical, clinicopathologic, and survival rates of 77 cats with severe spontaneous hepatic lipidosis are detailed in this report. Cats were subdivided into groups designated as idiopathic lipidosis if no other disease process was recognized, or secondary lipidosis if another disease process was diagnosed. Cats were also subdivided into groups designated as survivors or nonsurvivors on the basis of successful recuperation at 4 months after initial diagnosis. Differences between disease and survival groups were evaluated for significance. Overall, more female cats and middle-aged cats were affected. Presenting complaints of vomiting, anorexia, weakness, and weight loss were common. Physical assessment of most cats showed obvious hepatomegaly, jaundice, dehydration, and a weight loss > or = 25% of usual body weight. Neurobehavioral signs indicative of hepatic encephalopathy, other than ptyalism and depression, were rare. Clinicopathologic features are characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and increased activities of serum ALT, AST, and ALP, with only small if any increase in gamma GT activity. Clinical features distinguishing cats with hepatic lipidosis from those with other serious cholestatic disorders include absence of hyperglobulinemia and low gamma GT activity relative to ALP activity. Although coagulation tests were abnormal in 45% of cats tested (n = 44), few cats showed clinical bleeding tendencies. Most cats received prophylactic vitamin K1 therapy. Forty two cats received aggressive nutritional and supportive care and of these 55% survived. Cats with idiopathic disease were significantly younger, had significantly higher ALP activity and bilirubin concentration, and had a slightly better survival rate than cats with secondary lipidosis. Low PCV, hypokalemia, and an older age were significantly related to nonsurvival. Because of the variety of diets and food supplements used in case management, the influence of nutritional factors on survival could not be evaluated.
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PMID:A retrospective study of 77 cats with severe hepatic lipidosis: 1975-1990. 811 31

During aestivation the metabolic rate of the Australian goldfields frog Neobatrachus wilsmorei was reduced by 80% from its standard metabolic rate. The in vitro rate of oxygen consumption of isolated muscle and skin from aestivating frogs was up to 50% lower than that of the non-aestivating frogs. This in vitro rate of oxygen consumption was maintained for 6-12 h, indicating an intrinsic metabolic depression of tissues during aestivation. Frogs became dehydrated during aestivation. Muscle, skin and liver also became dehydrated during aestivation, but brain and kidney did not. Na+ and K+ contents and extracellular space measurement for muscle indicated that ion gradients were maintained across the muscle cell membrane during aestivation. Increases in plasma concentrations of Na+ and K+ were matched with similar increases in muscle intracellular ion concentrations. Extracellular space measurements were unsuccessful in the other tissues, but K+ content in all tissues (per dry weight) was maintained during aestivation, and the concentration of plasma K+ did not increase above that which can be accounted for by dehydration, indicating that K+ gradients were maintained.
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PMID:Metabolic depression and Na+/K+ gradients in the aestivating Australian goldfields frog, Neobatrachus wilsmorei. 815 Oct 18

Thirty-three political prisoners on hunger strike (voluntary total fast--VTF) for 6-24 days were admitted to two hospitals in Johannesburg in 1989. They had been detained without trial for 4-32 months. Sound doctor-patient relationships were established by emphasis of the principle of full patient participation in clinical decision-making at every level, by rejection of police interference in patient care, and by refusal to discharge subjects back into detention. Depression and abdominal pains were the predominant symptoms. In 6 lean subjects with complete data the expected initial period of rapid weight loss was not observed. Before hospitalisation most subjects became dehydrated from inadequate fluid intake and an apparent absence of thirst. Serum creatinine concentrations were a better indication of dehydration than serum urea levels. Mild hyponatraemia was found in one-third of patients. Refeeding after 6-27 days of VTF was initiated with a dilute lactose-free formula diet, and was uncomplicated. Close clinical monitoring of subjects during VTF is essential, and it is recommended that prisoners should be admitted to hospital at 10% of weight loss, if not before. The health care of prisoners can best be provided by professionals independent of the police and prison services.
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PMID:Voluntary total fasting in political prisoners--clinical and biochemical observations. 821 48

This paper describes two cases of infection of the soft palate and pharyngeal wall in cattle. The infections were secondary to trauma and laceration received during treatment with an oral calcium preparation which was given to treat post-parturient hypocalcemia. Clinical signs included dehydration, depression, pseudoptyalism, and fetid breath. Other signs involved the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Digital oral examination revealed the traumatized regions. Treatment included antibiotics and non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents. A semipermanent rumenostomy was performed on one cow for fluid and nutritional maintenance, but she died from secondary septic peritonitis. The second cow survived.
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PMID:Oropharyngeal abscessation in two cows secondary to administration of an oral calcium preparation. 841 56

We have studied the early pathogenesis of infection by molecular clone 1.9 of SIVsmmPBj14 in pig-tailed and cynomolgus macaques. Like the uncloned PBj14 parent, SIVsmmPBj14-1.9 consistently induced an acute clinical syndrome characterized by behavioral depression, fever, profuse diarrhea, dehydration, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and mucocutaneous exanthema that began at 7 days postinfection (DPI). The acute clinical disease coincided with a marked cell-associated and cell-free viremia, during which SIV p27 was demonstrated in 4 to 68% of circulating mononuclear leukocytes between 4 and 17 DPI. Also characteristic were monocytosis and reductions in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD20+ B lymphocytes. The most profound depletion occurred in the CD44hi subset of CD4+ T cells. Unlike animals infected previously with uncloned or biologically cloned PBj14, however, all SIVsmmPBj14-1.9-infected macaques survived the acute-phase disease to progress to a chronic, largely asymptomatic phase of infection. Recovery from the acute-phase disease correlated with down modulation of virus replication and the appearance of antibodies to SIV Env and Gag proteins. Similar to the PBj14 parent, PBj14-1.9 targeted to intestine, spleen, bone marrow, lymph node, and cerebellum. Saliva contained substantial quantities of infectious virus and no viral antibodies during the early phase of infection. By contrast, saliva from chronically infected animals usually contained antibodies but no virus. This study extends previous work demonstrating that the acute clinical syndrome produced by SIVsmmPBj14 in pig-tailed macaques represents a unique model of lentiviral pathogenesis.
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PMID:Early pathogenesis of disease caused by SIVsmmPBj14 molecular clone 1.9 in macaques. 847 19

Equine neonatal septicaemia was confirmed in 24 foals hospitalised at the Rural Veterinary Centre between 1989 and 1992 with suspected septicaemia. Septicaemia was confirmed by culture of bacteria from blood of live foals and tissues obtained at necropsy of foals that died or were euthanased. Pathogenic bacteria isolated were predominantly Enterobacteriaceae (including Escherichia coli and Salmonella serovars) and Actinobacillus equuli. Clinical manifestations of septicaemia included signs of depression, dehydration, abnormalities in body temperature and manifestations of localised infection including diarrhoea, pneumonia, and septic arthritis. Most common haematological abnormalities were neutropenia and increase of circulating band neutrophils. Survival rate of foals with confirmed septicaemia was 70.8%. Survival was found to be less likely in the presence of pneumonia, severe signs of depression, marked haematological changes or septic arthritis at the time of admission. Seven foals were confirmed to have septic arthritis without concurrent septicaemia. Of these, 4 had multiple joint involvement. Bacteria isolated from infected joints were predominantly Salmonella serovars. Four foals with septic arthritis failed to survive, due to multiple joint infection, which was unresponsive to treatment. The clinical and haematological abnormalities present in foals with confirmed septicaemia and septic arthritis were consistent with those observed in other studies. The bacterial isolates from foals with confirmed septicaemia were similar to those isolated in other studies. In contrast, the bacteria isolated from foals with septic arthritis without concurrent septicaemia were different from other studies.
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PMID:Equine neonatal septicaemia: 24 cases. 866 Feb 28

Australian desert frogs of the genera Neobatrachus, Cyclorana and Heleioporus experience significant dehydration, and iono- and osmoconcentration, during aestivation in the laboratory and accumulate substantial amounts of urea (100-200 mmol)(l-1). We expected a priori that aestivating frogs probably would not need to accumulate balancing osmolytes but would accumulate trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) or betaine as counteracting solutes to urea. These aestivating frogs did not co-accumulate a substantial quantity of any particular balancing osmolyte or counteracting solute, such as a methylamine [TMAO, trimethylamine amine (TMA), betaine, sarcosine, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC)] or polyol (inositol, mannitol, sorbitol) in plasma or muscle relative to urea accumulation. However, for aestivating frogs, the total concentration of all measured methylamines and polyols (TMAO + TMA + betaine + sarcosine + GPC + inositol) in muscle was approximately 35-45 mmol kg-1, and so it is possible that all of these solutes have a combined counteracting osmolyte role in aestivating frogs at a ratio to urea of approximately 1:2.5, as has been described for elasmobranch fishes. Alternatively, the absence of substantial co-accumulation with urea of any particular solute suggests that aestivating frogs might not require any major extracellular or intracellular counteracting solutes (TMAO, betaine, GPC). The enzyme systems of these aestivating frogs may be insensitive to the perturbing effects of urea, or the perturbing effects of accumulated urea may be a mechanism for metabolic depression, during aestivation.
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PMID:Do Australian desert frogs co-accumulate counteracting solutes with urea during aestivation? 870 81

In northern Sweden, 23 heifers out of 98 cattle died of acute vanadium toxicity in a 10-day period. Eight months earlier a pasture had been fertilized with basic slag, containing 3% vanadium. The fertilizer was laid on the surface without being ploughed in. Mainly heifers, and some cows, were fed with basic slag-contaminated fresh hay. The first signs of illness appeared 11 days later, and the first case of death appeared 14 days after the initial clinical signs. The signs were diffuse and difficult to interpret. Inappetence, black diarrhea, lethargy, dehydration and spontaneous abortions occurred. Further, pulmonary lesions, conjunctivitis, neurological disturbances such as depression, leg incoordination, and paralysis of the hind limbs and face were also noted. Although feeding with the contaminated hay was stopped at the outbreak of the toxicity, the 23 animals died or had to be slaughtered, and at necropsy of another heifer 4 weeks later, large amounts of basic slag were still found in the alimentary tract. High vanadium concentrations were found in the liver, kidneys, spleen and urine, 5.9, 5.5, 1.9 and 4.8 mg/kg w.w., respectively. In bone tissue (coccygeal vertebrae), the highest value in an acutely poisoned heifer was 0.680 mg/kd d.w., in the same range as that of an experimentally poisoned sheep. Surviving heifers were more affected than cows; the state of health of these heifers gradually deteriorated and, therefore, a few were slaughtered 3 months later. Because of residual neurological disturbances and decreased milk production, the rest of the herd was slaughtered 5 months after the outbreak, and samples were collected and analyzed. Elevated vanadium concentrations were found in the organs, especially in the spleen, where values of 1.40 and 1.42 mg/kg w.w. were found in 2 heifers at 3 months. The values in heifers (n = 6) were decreased 5 months after the outbreak. The median concentrations were somewhat higher in the liver than in the spleen, and lowest in the kidney (0.244, 0.213 and 0.058 mg/kg w.w., respectively). In the organs of the cows (n = 24), which were less exposed, the corresponding values were 0.012, 0.095 and 0.013 mg/kg w.w., respectively. Vanadium concentrations were also determined in livers of cows and calves at regular slaughter in four geographic regions of Sweden. In one of the regions, where basic slag (with 3% vanadium) had been used for many years, the values were significantly higher than those in the other regions. In a material of 293 specimens, an upper reference limit of 0.012 mg/kg liver w.w., with a 90% confidence interval of 0.011-0.019 mg/kg w.w., was found to be normal for cattle in Sweden. Concentrations above the Highest Swedish Reference Value, 0.019 mg/kg liver can be considered elevated. Vanadium-containing basic slag used as fertilizer caused poisoning in a herd of cattle and its regional use was detectable in livers from cattle at regular slaughter. Such fertilizer must be applied in a proper way. It should be ploughed in and any direct contact of grazing animals with the hazardous fertilizer should be prevented.
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PMID:Vanadium poisoning of cattle with basic slag. Concentrations in tissues from poisoned animals and from a reference, slaughterhouse material. 881 37

Canine Coronavirus (CCV) is a causative agent of diarrhea in dogs. The reproduction of severe clinical disease with experimental CCV infection has been difficult. We have recently developed a CCV challenge model which reproduced clinical signs of disease in susceptible dogs. The following study was designed to determine whether immunization with an inactivated CCV vaccine would protect dogs from clinical disease induced using this model. Dogs (n = 13) were vaccinated with an inactivated CCV vaccine. Vaccinates and controls (n = 5) were orally inoculated with virulent CCV virus and treated with dexamethasone on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 after virus challenge. Control dogs developed clinical signs including diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, depression, and nasal and ocular discharge. Diarrhea was noted in 80% of the controls and 60% progressed to a severe watery or bloody diarrhea that persisted for multiple days. Conversely, only 2/13 (15%) vaccinates developed mild diarrhea and none developed bloody diarrhea. The control dogs averaged 10.8 days of diarrhea compared to 1.4 days for vaccinates over the 21 day observation period. In addition to reduced clinical signs, the number of days of virus shedding and the level of CCV in feces was different for controls (100% shed virus) and vaccinates (38% shed virus). This study demonstrates that vaccination with an inactivated CCV vaccine can significantly reduce not only viral replication, but the occurrence of clinical disease following a virulent CCV infection.
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PMID:Efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against clinical disease caused by canine coronavirus. 883 Apr 84


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