Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations into the nature of severe and fatal reactions to contrast media have been severely limited by their unpredictable occurrence in the clinical setting and the absence of suitable laboratory models. The authors report their experience with a canine dehydration model. Intravenous administration of 2 ml/kg of 76% sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate resulted in vomiting, shock, inappropriate slowing of the heart rate, and death. ECG findings indicated suppression of sinoatrial node automaticity, a decrease in the rate of atrioventricular conduction, and depression of myocardial contractility. These results suggest two possible mechanisms: (a) enhanced vagal tone as the result of stimulation of the vasomotor center of the medulla or (b) accentuation of direct contrast-induced myocardial toxicity.
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PMID:Reactions to intravenous contrast media. Part I: Severe and fatal cardiovascular reactions in a canine dehydration model. 683 12

Suppurative cholangitis in 5 aged cats was characterized clinically by weight loss, depression, dehydration, icterus, and fever. The major abnormal laboratory findings were a severe left shift of WBC and a high, conjugated bilirubin concentration consistent with an inflammatory process and cholestasis. Gross pathologic findings included periductal biliary fibrosis (4 cats), periductal pancreatic fibrosis (2 cats), cholelithiasis (2 cats), deformation of the gallbladder (2 cats), and chronic interstitial pancreatitis (2 cats). Histopathologic findings in all cases were portal hepatic fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, and suppurative exudate within dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts. Weight loss and portal fibrosis were suggestive of chronic, intermittent illness. The pathogenesis appeared to involve invasion of the bile duct by enteric bacteria. Cholangitis was observed to occur in association with pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, or anatomic abnormalities of the biliary tract.
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PMID:Suppurative cholangitis in cats. 686 38

1. Sodium depletion which occurred in cattle following exteriorization of a parotid duct produced depression of both plasma and salivary sodium, acidosis, elevated plasma aldosterone and renin activity. Increased sodium appetite, characteristic of sodium depletion, was assessed by operant behaviour where scoring of panel pressing for NaHCO(3) rewards showed change in sodium appetite.2. Sodium-depleted calves readily drank the calculated ionic deficit as a hypertonic solution (4 l.) in a few minutes, or as an isotonic solution (16 l.) usually within 30 min.3. When the ionic deficit was restored by either i.v. infusion or drinking, sodium appetite was reduced significantly. The suppression of sodium appetite was more rapid when the depleted ions were replaced by drinking (30 min) than by i.v. infusion (2 hr) but in both circumstances the effect was short lived since sodium appetite redeveloped within 3 hr.4. The rapid return of sodium appetite following restoration of the ionic deficit occurred even when the plasma sodium level was normal. Other biochemical changes resulting from sodium depletion, such as acidosis and reduced salivary sodium, could not be correlated with variation in sodium appetite.5. Rapid infusion of Ringer saline (4 l.) did not inhibit the sodium appetite, which suggests that neither vascular volume changes per se nor vascular baroreceptors control sodium appetite in sodium-deficient calves.Plasma aldosterone fell rapidly following infusion of the hypertonic solution but only slightly with the isotonic infusion. The change in plasma hormone level was not related to changes in sodium appetite.6. Drinking the hypertonic solution produced a marked reduction in panel pressing for NaHCO(3) with a rapid rise in plasma sodium. Consumption of the larger volume of isotonic solution also inhibited sodium intake but plasma sodium remained low. A secondary increase in plasma renin activity (p.r.a.) occurred following ingestion of the hypertonic solution, but both p.r.a. and aldosterone fell to normal levels over the next 6 hr when the cattle again showed marked sodium appetite. It is possible that these effects may be due to ion and fluid movement between gut and extracellular fluid and reflect osmolality changes or tissue dehydration.7. It is concluded that the sodium appetite of sodium deficient cattle is only temporarily alleviated by restoration of the depleted ionic loss, and that the behavioural response to seek sodium rewards is independent of plasma sodium, p.r.a., aldosterone and volume changes in the gut and vascular system.8. Recent reports suggest that sodium appetite may be controlled by receptors in the hypothalamus or by angiotensin II in the brain. In cattle the capacious gut may also be involved, since sodium appetite is inhibited more rapidly when the depleted ions are taken orally than by i.v. infusion.
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PMID:The effect on salt appetite and the renin-aldosterone system on replacing the depleted ions to sodium-deficient cattle. 702 8

Using a recently described tracer method, we determined tracheal transport velocity (TTV) before and after intravenous administration of 10 ml of 0.1% sodium iodide (NaI) in anesthetized dogs. In nine experiments in hydrated dogs TTV did not change significantly after NaI therapy (mean change -1.3 mm/min +/- 1.8 SEM; P greater than 0.10). In 10 experiments in dehydrated dogs TTV increased significantly after NaI therapy (mean change 6.1 mm/min +/- 2.1; P less than 0.02). In 13 control experiments in dehydrated dogs not given NaI, TTV did not change significantly (mean change 1.4 mm/min +/- 1.1; P greater than 0.2). The increase in TTV in the dehydrated dogs treated with NaI was significantly greater than the change in TTV in the dehydrated dogs not given NaI (P less than 0.025). Previous studies have shown a dehydration-induced depression of TTV which was reversed by rehydration. These findings suggest that iodides improve mucociliary transport function in the dehydrated state but not the hydrated state and that this improvement is comparable to that following rehydration.
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PMID:Effect of iodide on mucociliary transport in anesthetized dogs. 711 29

Median lethal doses were estimated for PGBx administered to mice by the intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. The incidence of lethality (and therefore the LD50) was time dependent over a 96 hour period. The animals were active, were responsive and took nourishment during the 4-day post-injection period so that they apparently died from the direct effects of PGBx (or its metabolites) and not as a consequence of depression-induced dehydration or starvation.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of prostaglandin Bx in male, albino, ICR mice. 712 4

The sodium and water intakes of a group of infants treated for diarrhea and dehydration in 1972-73, when hypernatremia was common, and a group of infants treated for diarrhea and dehydration in 1978-79, when hypernatremia was rare, were compared. Infants from both study periods whose intake was poor and who received feedings containing sodium in concentrations greater than 17 mEq/liter were more likely to develop elevated serum sodium concentrations. In a group of infants recovering from diarrhea, the effect upon the serum concentration of sodium of varying water and sodium intake was studied. Those treated with small amounts of a solution containing 30 mEq sodium per liter regularly demonstrated an elevation of serum sodium, whereas those treated with large amounts of the same solution regularly demonstrated a depression. It is concluded that infants with diarrhea should receive feedings containing sodium in concentrations less than 17 mEq/liter unless a high fluid intake can be assured.
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PMID:Sodium and water content of feedings for use in infants with diarrhea. 719 44

Inoculation of 2 groups of dogs with 1 X 10(9) and 4 X 10(9) Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae produced disease varying from transient fever to uremia and death. Clinical signs of disease in the severely affected dogs were fever, dehydration, depression, and icterus. Laboratory changes in serum of infected dogs included increased urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Chloride concentration decreased in the serum of dogs with severe disease. The icterus in the infected dogs did not appear to be related to hemolytic anemia.
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PMID:Serum biochemical changes in dogs with experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. 727 Oct 27

Acute dehydration (D) early in life made adult rats less susceptible to cortical spreading depression (SD) than control (C) rats. Post weaning undernourished (U) rats tended to be more susceptible than controls. The association of D and U (DU group) made rats more susceptible to SD than U-rats. It is suggested that this association gives rise to a more complex pathological state than that which would result from the summation of the effects of its components.
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PMID:Lasting effects of acute dehydration and post-weaning undernourishment on cortical spreading depression in adult rats. 727 84

Bacterial endocarditis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old male German shorthaired Pointer with a 4-month history of shifting lameness and intermittent fever. The dog died in spite of treatment for progressive depression and dehydration. Blood cultures were positive for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strain 7, which is known to be pathogenic for dogs. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy.20
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PMID:Endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a dog. 735 49

An aqueous solution of non-ionic surfactants becomes suddenly turbid when heated to a critical temperature, known as the cloud point, and concomitantly expands the volume. The volume expansion is caused by release of structured water molecules from the hydrophilic polyoxyethyelene moieties. Inhalation anesthetics decreased the cloud-point temperature of hexaoxyethylene dodecyl ether micelles. The concentrations of methoxyflurane, halothane and enflurane causing a 1 degree C depression of the cloud-point temperature were 0.51, 0.71 and 0.78 mmolal, respectively. Hydrostatic pressure increased the cloud-point temperature in the absence and presence of the anesthetics. The change of the apparent molal volume at the cloud point was estimated to be 2.2 cm3/mol in the absence of anesthetics. This value decreased in the presence of the anesthetics, dose dependently. The results indicate that the anesthetics favor dehydration of the hydrophilic surface of the non-ionic surfactant micelles.
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PMID:Pressure-anesthetic antagonism on the phase separation of non-ionic surfactant micelles. 745 51


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