Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An infant who received multiple blood transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit developed a transfusion-associated CMV infection at age 11 weeks and thereafter was noted to have hepatosplenomegaly, mitogen hyporesponsiveness, persistent viruria, an abnormal distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and poor growth. He has had recurrent opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Six donors of blood products received by this infant were investigated; one was found to have chronic lymphadenopathy, weight loss, intermittent diarrhea, lymphopenia, and a profound depression of lymphocytes with a helper/inducer surface phenotype (T4 positive). Family members have an abnormal distribution of T cell subpopulations similar to those reported in asymptomatic homosexuals. The course of disease in our patient suggests that acquired immune deficiency syndrome may be transmitted to young infants via blood products.
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PMID:Transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in an infant. 631 5

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) appeared in the United States in late 1978 and has spread at an epidemic rate through the four major coastal cities of this country. The disease appears to show the same epidemiologic distribution as hepatitis B virus infection, and for this reason, most investigators feel that this new disease is caused by a blood-borne sexually transmitted virus. A number of viral agents have been suggested as the cause of AIDS, but to date, no virus has been consistently isolated. The most likely candidate is a retrovirus that has recently been introduced into the human population and has found its way into two extremely high-risk groups, namely, promiscuous male homosexuals and intravenous drug abusers. The relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma and cytomegalovirus is still unclear, but evidence is mounting that cytomegalovirus may be the agent that initiates this multifocal malignancy. Multiple factors must be involved in this process. It is known that some immunosuppressed individuals develop Kaposi's sarcoma, which completely resolves when the immunosuppression is reversed; however, in individuals with classical Kaposi's sarcoma, the profound degree of helper T-cell depression that characterizes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is not seen.
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PMID:Speculations on the viral etiology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma. 633 Feb 23

A homosexual man with a history of sexually transmitted infections including recent giardiasis and high cytomegalovirus (CMV) titer was admitted with generalized weakness, headache, and depression. He rapidly became comatose and developed signs of increased intracranial pressure. CT scan revealed a right cerebral lesion. Pathologic examination disclosed an acute necrotizing granulomatous toxoplasmosis involving the cerebrum. This case represents an example of an opportunistic infection in a male homosexual associated with fulminant clinical course, probably on the basis of immune deficiency.
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PMID:Acute fulminant toxoplasma meningoencephalitis in a homosexual man. 661 39

Following transplant, circulating immunoglobulin levels fell moderately and remained depressed less than 2 months for IgG, and for variable and longer periods of time for IgM and IgA. Repeated quantitative determinations of antibodies against multiple antigens did not show any decrease in the pretransplant levels. Indeed some patients developed herpes and cytomegalovirus infections to which they responded by a sharp increase in antibody titers. In 2 cases, a primary immunization was demonstrated (against CMV and BK virus) with increasing levels of IgM and IgG antibodies. Lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood returned to 500 mm# between day 10 and 29 (median day 18) and to pretransplant values within 6 weeks. Non specific stimulation of lymphocytes by mitogens in the immediate post-transplant period showed a decreased response to PHA and Con A, whereas the responses to pokeweek mitogens and alloantigens were only slightly diminished. The degree of the responses was related to the dose of cryopreserved marrow infused. We conclude that:--although the minimum dose for autologous bone marrow transplantation in man is around 0,5 10(8) nucleated bone marrow cells/Kg, much higher doses should be used to ensure faster and better restoration of immune reactivity.--The similarity of the immunological dysfunction following autologous and allogeneous bone marrow transplantation suggest that, in the immediate post-transplant period, the role of GVHD in cellular immunity depression may be minimal.
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PMID:[Studies of immunological status, following autologous bone marrow transplantation in man (author's transl)]. 700 23

Cognitive disorders associated with HIV infection may be due to focal lesions (lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, etc.), metabolic encephalopathy (e.g. hepatic insufficiency) or psychiatric disorders (depression). In the absence of such causes a "cognitive and motor syndrome associated with HIV infection" has been defined on clinical criteria (Working group of the American Academy of Neurology, 1991). This syndrome is not consistently associated with any specific lesion. Neither the multifocal encephalitis of HIV or CMV infection nor the diffuse leukoencephalopathy associated with HIV are the only causes. The existence of a neocortical neuronal loss has been suggested by several retrospective studies, but our prospective study has not shown cortical or subcortical atrophy. Measurement of neuronal density in Brodmann's areas 4,9 and 40 has not revealed a significant loss either global, by layer, or by column. The only constant lesion was gliosis of the cortex and white matter. Neuronal loss, therefore, is not indispensable to the occurrence of cognitive disorders in AIDS. The mechanism of dementia might be: dysfunction of cortical neurons (dendritic abnormalities, virus/neurotransmitter competition); subcortical dysfunction, as suggested by the high density of microglial nodules in that region; white matter lesions which could be due to abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier. The expression of cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, VLA-4, ICAM-1 and LFA-1) by endothelial cerebral cells is not significantly different in AIDS patients, demented or not, and in patients with multiple sclerosis. In contrast, the expression of VCAM-1 by astrocytes is significantly increased in demented AIDS patients compared with non demented ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[HIV and dementia: neuropathology]. 747 30

The chronic candidiasis syndrome, also known as the Candida-related complex, putatively caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the gastrointestinal tract and secondarily in the genital organs, is briefly described. Patients with this disorder have many of the same symptoms as those with the chronic fatigue syndrome, except for the recurrent flu-like symptoms of the latter disorder. The positive response of a large number of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) to an oral antifungal agent and a diet for intestinal candidiasis has been described by another clinician. There is evidence that Candida albicans infection of the mucous membranes depresses T cell and natural killer (NK) cell function. Similar abnormalities of immune function are found in the CFS. The function of cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, and NK cells is important in preventing reactivation of infections from Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and other herpesviruses. Reactivation of one or more of these viruses could lead to the expression of the flu-like symptoms in the CFS. Yet the immune dysfunction found in this disorder has been considered the primary underlying causal factor. It is proposed that chronic intestinal candidiasis may be an agent which leads to immune depression in many CFS patients and therefore that it could be a causal factor in CFS.
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PMID:Chronic intestinal candidiasis as a possible etiological factor in the chronic fatigue syndrome. 747 98

Endoscopically detected ulcers and submucous haemorrhage are common findings related to cytomegalovirus infection. We report a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Endoscopic findings showed elevated, white-yellowish, small size plaques with an erythematous central depression, resembling those found in pseudomembranous colitis.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient carrying the human immunodeficiency virus: the endoscopic image similar to pseudomembranous colitis]. 774 54

An IgG antibody avidity assay which uses urea to modify a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been investigated for its ability to distinguish primary human cytomegalovirus (CMV) from recurrent or long-term infection. Twenty-four immunosuppressed solid organ transplant patients were studied. The avidity indices for IgG to CMV were low for 12 out of 13 patients with primary infection (mean 18%), high for all 11 patients with long-term infection (mean 85%), and the 1 patient with primary infection showing an intermediate avidity index (51%) was found to have acquired passively large amounts of CMV immunoglobulin, presumably of high avidity, during therapy. From the results, low and high avidity indices were defined as lying between 0-34% and 60-100%, respectively, and it was thus clear that the avidity assay can discriminate between primary and recurrent or long-term CMV infection. The avidity indices of eight of the immunosuppressed organ transplant patients with primary infection were followed in serial serum samples over time and IgG antibody to CMV was found to take at least a year to mature to high avidity in contrast to the 2-6 months expected for normal subjects. This finding provides evidence that immunosuppression has subtle, hitherto unsuspected, effects on humoral immunity to CMV in addition to the well-known depression of cell-mediated responses. It is concluded that this reliable avidity assay will be of importance in the diagnosis of CMV infection and in elucidating the pathogenesis of CMV-induced disease in organ transplant recipients.
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PMID:Maturation of antibody avidity after primary human cytomegalovirus infection is delayed in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant patients. 789 62

Nineteen patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), representing 4 different subtypes, were examined for immunophenotype and immunogenotype. Quantitative immunophenotypic analysis of 13 cases revealed a predominance of Leu1 and Leu3 T cells in all subtypes, except in the case of HD lymphocytic-depression (HDLD). The positive rate of LeuM1 and Ki1 in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells was 65% (11/17) and 73% (11/15), respectively. In DNA hybridization analysis, 5 of the 19 cases of HD were found to have gene rearrangements--immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in 3 cases and T cell receptor beta chain (TCR beta) gene rearrangements in 2 cases. Epstein-Barr (EBV) DNA genomes were detected in 8 cases, including 2 of 5 cases which previously had been shown to contain clonal Ig and TCR beta gene rearrangements. By contrast, there were no detectable cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA sequences in 19 cases of HD or 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although our findings differed somewhat from those obtained on Westerners, they suggest the presence of a monoclonal lymphoid population in HD patients and that the EBV is related to the etiology of HD.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangements and Epstein-Barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease in Taiwan. 839 9

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue associated with complaints of fevers, sore throat, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, sleep disturbances, neurocognitive difficulties, and depression. A striking feature of CFS is its sudden onset following an acute, presumably viral, illness and the subsequent recurrent "flu-like" symptoms. It has been speculated that both CFS and debilitating chronic fatigue (CF) that does not meet strict criteria for CFS may be the direct or indirect result of viral infections. We therefore tested 548 chronically fatigued patients who underwent a comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation for antibodies to 13 viruses. Our objectives were to compare the seroprevalence and/or geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, rubella, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Cox-sackie B virus, types 1-6 in patients with CF to healthy control subjects. Other goals were to determine if greater rates of seropositivity or higher GMTs occurred among subsets of patients with CFS, fibromyalgia, psychiatric disorders, a self-reported illness onset with a viral syndrome, and a documented temperature > 37 degrees C on physical examination. Differences in the seroprevalence or GMTs of antibodies to 13 viruses were not consistently found in those with CF compared with control subjects, or in any subsets of patients including those with CFS, an acute onset of illness, or a documented fever. These particular viral serologies were not useful in evaluating patients presenting with CF.
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PMID:Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. 889 37


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