Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study of possible aetiological factors for neuropathy associated with HIV infection was performed in 80 patients and 28 homosexual controls. At entry to the study twelve patients (15 per cent) had evidence of a generalized neuropathy not due to any other cause and a further three patients developed symptomatic neuropathy during a mean (SD) follow-up of 20 (7.5) months. All but two of these neuropathies were of the distal symmetrical sensory type. Electrophysiology was consistent with an axonal pathology and nerve biopsy confirmed this as the major pathological change. Warming threshold was the diagnostic test most frequently abnormal, sometimes in the absence of other electrophysiological abnormalities. No association was seen with opportunistic infection (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, Pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus infection or tuberculosis). HIV proviral DNA could not be detected in paraffin sections of peripheral nerve in six patients with neuropathy. The presence of the neuropathy did not show significant correlation with depression of the number of CD4+ T cells in the blood, impaired T cell function tests, or IgG, IgM, or IgA levels. Immune complexes containing C1q, but not those containing IgG, IgM, IgA or C3c, were significantly more common among neuropathic patients (p = 0.01).
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PMID:A study of neuropathy in HIV infection. 144 48

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections acquire characteristics of special severity when they occur in patients suffering primary or secondary cellular immune depression. We present a case of pneumonia with fatal evolution caused by CMV, in a female patient suffering systemic lupus erythematosus. The underlying disease, of recent onset, presented multiorgan involvement (skin, joints, kidney, blood) which could be controlled with steroids and azathioprine. The patient presented a few days after she had overcome an acute outbreak of the disease, a febrile status with rapid evolution with a diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrate. Circulating anti CMV antibodies were detected, of IgM class, by a enzyme-immunoassay. The necropsy showed a multiorgan infiltrate (liver, lung, skin, kidney) with cells containing cytomegalic inclusion.
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PMID:[Cytomegalic inclusion disease in a patient with systemic lupus]. 164 51

In the 6-year period 1984-1989, 101 liver biopsies or 'needle necropsies' from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients were examined histologically. Of these, only nine showed no abnormality whatsoever. The commonest histological findings were either fatty change or changes related to co-existent chronic viral hepatitis. Granulomas were seen in 15 cases, four of which were positive for acid-fast bacilli. A range of organisms were recorded: cytomegalovirus (4); Histoplasma capsulatum (1); Pneumocystis carinii (2); Cryptococcus neoformans (1); and Leishmania donovani (1). There were two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but no cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. Marked iron deposition, which correlated with multiple blood transfusions was seen in nine biopsies. We were unable to identify any histological feature in the liver as being specific for HIV infection. The high incidence of liver abnormalities reflects: (i) the coincident exposure to hepatotropic viruses; (ii) the presence of opportunistic infections and neoplasms, usually part of a disseminated multi-organ process arising in the setting of profound immune depression; (iii) iatrogenic causes, in particular iron overload related to multiple blood transfusions received for treatment of zidovudine-induced anaemia; and (iv) non-specific changes associated with chronic debilitating disease.
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PMID:Surgical pathology of the liver in HIV infection. 165 81

In eight (25%) of 32 consecutive AIDS patients between 1986 and 1989, Mycobacterium avium infection was diagnosed: in seven disseminated, in one as a local lymph node process. Six patients were treated as consistently as possible with a combination of ethambutol, rifabutine, clofazimine and protionamide (or cycloserine) in relatively large dosages. Median survival of treated patients was 15.5 (4-22) months. Protionamide inhibited most M. avium strains (7 of 8) in vitro, but often caused intolerance (nausea). Treatment of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in our opinion was necessary in 5 of 6 patients during longterm M. avium therapy. HIV therapy (Zidovudine) during M. avium treatment was not possible due to bone marrow depression. A low maintenance dose of corticosteroids was necessary in 3 of 6 patients (one with adrenal insufficiency) to suppress symptoms such as fever and malaise.
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PMID:[Mycobacterium avium disease in AIDS patients; diagnosis and therapy]. 175 16

Anterior chamber inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV, 10(4) and 10(5) plaque-forming units) induced both physiologic and morphologic changes in the retinas of immunocompetent BALB/c and B- and T-cell-deficient severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. In BALB/c mice, the depression of the b-wave began on days 3-4 postinoculation (PI) and a further depression was recorded on day 7 PI. The electroretinograms (ERGs) remained depressed 1-2 weeks PI after which there was a recovery of the amplitude of the ERG 2-6 weeks later. The recovery was not complete; the maximum amplitude at 6 weeks was significantly lower than the preinoculation value. There was a greater loss in the amplitude than in the sensitivity of the ERG. Histologic examination of retinas with depressed ERGs showed swelling of the retinal pigment epithelium and distortion and shortening of the outer segment of the photoreceptors. With recovery of the ERG, there was normalization of the retinal histology. In SCID mice, the ERGs were extinguished, and there was no recovery. Histologically, there was a complete loss of the photoreceptors in the SCIDs, and electron microscopic examination showed viral particles in the retinal pigment epithelium and inner nuclear cells. These results demonstrate that MCMV can induce retinal pathology as reported in patients and show the importance of B- and T-lymphocytes in controlling the progression of this disease process.
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PMID:Physiologic and morphologic retinal changes induced by murine cytomegalovirus in BALB/c and severe combined immune deficient mice. 184 73

To determine whether depression might be associated with serologic indices of autoimmune processes or active virus infections, we measured the following parameters in healthy controls, minor, simple major and melancholic patients: antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylserine), antinuclear, and Epstein-Barr (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies. In addition, the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) circulating levels in serum were measured and used as a marker of T cell activation. The anticardiolipin antibody titers were higher in melancholics than in healthy controls and minor depressives. Antinuclear antibodies were present significantly more frequently in depressed patients than in normal volunteers. The anticardiolipin and antinuclear antibody titers were significantly and positively intercorrelated. Depression is characterized by increased serum circulating levels of sIL-2Rs compared to the healthy state. Antinuclear-positive subjects exhibited significantly higher sIL-2Rs than those without detectable antinuclear titers. There was a positive correlation between anticardiolipin activity and sIL-2Rs. We found no evidence that depression is linked to EBV or CMV infection.
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PMID:Antiphospholipid, antinuclear, Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus antibodies, and soluble interleukin-2 receptors in depressive patients. 185 4

Nine female and 6 male adolescents (mean age 14.5 +/- 1.7 [SD] years) were evaluated for chronic fatigue associated with at least three additional symptoms present for 18.4 +/- 8.4 months. Eleven subjects experienced the onset of symptoms with an acute illness (seven Monospot-positive). Medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing yielded little helpful information. Serologic testing for Coxsackie B viruses 1 through 6, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and Toxoplasma gondii in subjects and healthy controls provided little evidence for an infectious cause of persistent fatigue. Children's Depression Inventory scores and psychiatric interviews with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Children's Version (K-SADS) identified five subjects with major depression. On the K-SADS, the 10 fatigued subjects without major depression endorsed many secondary symptoms of depression but were less likely than depressed psychiatric clinic patients to endorse primary symptoms such as depressed mood, guilt, and suicidality. At telephone follow-up 13 to 32 months after intake, 4 subjects were completely well, 4 markedly improved, and 7 unimproved or worse. Further research is necessary to determine whether chronic fatigue in adolescents is prodromal depression, a discrete psychosomatic condition, or an infectious or immunologic disorder that mimics depression.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue in adolescents. 841 93

The immunological response of spleen cells was examined during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of germfree (GF) mice. GF mice were more susceptible to MCMV infection than specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Recovery from the acute phase of MCMV infection was delayed in GF mice as compared to SPF mice. During MCMV infection, the immune response of GF mice, measured in terms of mitogen and of antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, was more markedly depressed and the recovery from the depression was more delayed than in SPF mice. In MCMV-infected mice, natural killer (NK) cell activity was increased by day 1 and 2 post-infection, with similar kinetics in GF and SPF mice, suggesting that NK cells may be exerting the most potent antiviral effect during the early stage of MCMV infection.
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PMID:Immunological responses in germfree mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus. 196 64

Following renal transplantation, a patient developed life-threatening granulocytopenia secondary to a specific combination of drugs which are commonly utilized in this setting. Coincident with the depression of granulocytes, an expansion of natural killer cells was seen, which may have been a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy required for allograft retention. Infection with cytomegalovirus may have contributed to both phenomena.
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PMID:Drug-induced granulocytopenia with natural killer lymphocytosis after renal transplantation. 215 6

The relationship between anxiety and depression, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune parameters was studied in 98 patients randomly selected from those undergoing routine medical evaluation for human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity as part of the U.S. Air Force's mandatory screening program. A total of 95% of the sample did not have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The population was subdivided into high and low anxiety or depression groups for statistical purposes. Significant correlations were obtained between high Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores (greater than 10) and CSF nucleated cell count and protein levels. High Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (greater than 10) scores were positively correlated with CSF nucleated cell count and absolute CD4a counts. There were no statistically significant group differences with respect to mean laboratory values between high and low anxiety or depression subgroups. Serum viral titers to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus were not correlated with anxiety or depression scores. These results suggest a complex relationship between CSF and systemic immune abnormalities and degree of anxiety and depression.
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PMID:Associations between cerebrospinal fluid parameters and high degrees of anxiety or depression in United States Air Force personnel infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 234 94


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