Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the study was to correlate electroretinogram (ERG) parameters with increasing levels of plasma, erythrocyte and ocular tissue cholinesterase inhibition using the beagle dog as a model for human neurovisual toxicity. The anticholinesterase compound physostigmine was administered at various steady-state intravenous infusion rates based on pharmacokinetic estimates of plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition. The most sensitive parameter was the b-wave amplitude of the rod response, which was significantly depressed compared to pretreatment at all levels of acute cholinesterase depression. The overall maximal ERG response demonstrated a trend of declining a- and b-wave amplitudes, which corresponded with the increased levels of cholinesterase depression, but these differences were not significant. The depression of the electroretinogram rod and cone amplitudes appeared to parallel plasma cholinesterase inhibition more closely than erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. Ocular tissue cholinesterase activity was significantly depressed in the retina (70%), cornea (60%) and dorsal rectus extraocular muscle (46%). Electroretinography may be a useful physiological tool for evaluating the ocular toxicity of certain chemicals or pharmaceuticals associated with cholinesterase biomarker activity.
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PMID:The effects of physostigmine on the electroretinogram in the beagle dog. 764 97

Human gene-engineering angiogenin, administered in methylcellulose tablets into the rat cornea induces growth of the limbus blood vessels in nanogram doses. Speed of the growth of the newly forming capillaries increases with the angiogenin dose. Pancreatic ribonuclease, highly homologous in structure with angiogenin does not induce neovascularization under the same conditions. Activation of the blood vessels proliferation under the effect of angiogenin was also observed in rat skin, but at higher doses. Angiogenin injected in 3% agarose with low melting point into abdominal skin or into the ear skin induced neovascularization in doses no less than 3 mg. Conditions, envisaging depression of the tissue immune reactions to the heterogeneous protein did not eliminate the angiogenin effect. This allows to conclude that they are caused by the direct manifestation of the angiogenic qualities of the studies growth factor.
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PMID:[The effect of angiogenin on blood vessel proliferation in rats]. 787 90

The corneal thickness variations on both eyes of thirteen healthy volunteers were measured in absence and presence of ethanol with ultrasound pachymetry. During ethanol ingestion, to a serum ethanol concentration of 0.98 +/- 0.22 g/l, a small and transient, but statistically significant increase of the corneal thickness appeared (3.0 +/- 3.4% right eye - 4.3 +/- 2.9% left eye, p < 0.05). We suggest that ethanol causes a transient depression of the endothelial pump activity. The measured effect on the cornea is too small to cause reduced visual acuity on Snellen chart. However, a resulting loss of contrast sensitivity may have consequences for car driving and safety work.
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PMID:Influence of ethanol ingestion on the cornea. 810 17

Mooren's ulcer is a chronic, painful rodent nonpurulent corneal ulcer. In order to discern the possible role that immunological processes (antibody and cell-mediated) play in the development of a Mooren's ulcer, we evaluated sera from patients (n = 16) for the presence of circulating antibodies against normal rabbit and human corneal epithelium using an indirect immunofluorescent technique (IFT) and determined the T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD8, CD11) in the peripheral blood. This condition was treated with an immunophilin, cyclosporin A (CsA) (0.5% solution), applied topically. Antibodies against rabbit corneal epithelium were detected in 12 of 16 patients (75%), while only six of 16 (37.5%) patients had antibodies against human corneal epithelium. The percentage of CD8 (suppressor T cells) T lymphocytes was significantly lower in patients with Mooren's ulcer than in the controls (p < 0.01). Mooren's ulcer was effectively treated with 0.5% CsA in 11 of 18 (61.1%) affected eyes (n = 14 patients), as determined by long-term (24-31 months) follow-up. We noted particularly that regulatory imbalance existed in the immune systems of the patients. We also think that the limbus and conjunctival lymphoid tissue adjacent to the limbus might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The detection of serum antibodies against corneal epithelium and determination of T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood may provide a referential basis for the clinical diagnosis of Mooren's ulcer. Effective treatment with 0.5% topical CsA is primarily through the depression of ocular immunoreactions, although systemic action is not completely ruled out.
Cornea 1993 Nov
PMID:Immunological analysis and treatment of Mooren's ulcer with cyclosporin A applied topically. 826 78

The process of eyelid development was studied in the mouse. The critical events occur between about 15.5 d postcoitum (p.c.) and 12 d after birth, and were studied by conventional histology and by scanning electron microscopy. At about 15.5 d p.c. the cornea of the eye is clearly visible with the primitive eyelids being represented by protruding ridges of epithelium at its periphery. Over the next 24 h, eyelid development proceeds to the stage when the cornea is completely covered by the fused eyelids. Periderm cells stream in to fill the gap between the developing eyelids. Their proliferative activity is such that they produce a cellular excrescence on the outer surface of the line of fusion of the eyelids. This excrescence had almost disappeared by about 17.5 d p.c. Keratinisation is first evident at this stage on the surface of the eyelids and passes continuously from one eyelid to the other. Evidence of epidermal differentiation is more clearly seen in the newborn, where a distinctive stratum granulosum now occupies about one third of its entire thickness. Within the subjacent dermis, hair follicles are differentiating. By about 5 d after birth, a thick layer of keratin extends without interruption across the junctional region. While a noticeable surface indentation overlies the latter, a similar depression is only seen on the conjunctival surface by about 10 d after birth. Keratinisation is also observed to extend in from the epidermal surface to involve the entire region between the 2 eyelids at about this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Eyelid development, fusion and subsequent reopening in the mouse. 827 Apr 67

Recent interest in the corneal analgesic properties of diltiazem prompted the present study examining concentration-dependent effects of this calcium channel blocker on C fiber cold receptors and A delta mechanoreceptors. Both afferent fiber types mediate an eye blink reflex, important for protecting the corneal surface. The effects of neuroactive concentrations of diltiazem on corneal would healing were also studied. An in vitro rabbit cornea preparation was used for both electrophysiological recording and wound healing, allowing precise concentration-response analysis. Diltiazem produced a concentration-dependent depression of cold fiber discharge activity (10 to 250 microM), but did not affect mechanoreceptor afferents. In addition, the broad spectrum Ca2+ channel blockers, Ni2+ and Cd2+, did not cause a significant reduction in A delta mechano or C fiber discharge activity. Diltiazem had no effect on corneal epithelial wound healing to a concentration of 50 microM. This is important if diltiazem is to be used for therapeutic control of pain following corneal injury or surgery, because sparing of the eye blink reflexes and wound healing are desirable properties for a corneal analgesic.
Cornea 1995 Sep
PMID:Diltiazem spares corneal A delta mechano and C fiber cold receptors and preserves epithelial wound healing. 853 62

Polyacrylic acid (pAA) was introduced onto Ar-plasma treatment silicone rubber (SR) membrane surfaces by plasma-induced grafted polymerization. Collagen (type III) was also linked with the carboxylic group of pAA grafted onto the SR surface via a carbodiimine agent to obtain a secondary structure of SR. The SR surface properties were characterized by ATR-FTIR, ESCA, contact angle, and SEM. The biocompatibility of the SR surface was evaluated by a culture of cornea epithelial (CE) cells. Subsequently, 75-450 micrograms cm-2 of pAA were obtained on the SR surfaces under different reactive conditions; 3-12 micrograms cm-2 of collagen were linked on modified surfaces of SR. Moreover, ATR-FTIR and ESCA were utilized to confirm the proceedings of these reactions. The hydrophility of the modified SR was measured by a contact angle meter. The values of contact angle for SR grafted with pAA were approximately 45-50 degrees; a 50-55 degrees contact angle on pAA-g-SR to be further linked with collagen was subsequently obtained. Moreover, the influence of surface properties toward migration, growth and attachment of CE cells on the modified surfaces was also examined. Here, untreated SR was used as a control. Experimental results indicated that the number of CE cells attached onto the controlled SR was negligible. The attachment of cells onto pAA-grafted surfaces was clearly observed and peusopoda occurred; however, cell growth was depressed. This depression may have been caused by the acid environment of the pAA-grafted membrane. Nevertheless, both cell attachment and growth onto collagen-linked surfaces were significant. In addition, the morphology of the cells attached onto this surface was considered normal for primary cells. Collagen introduced on the SR surface was not denatured, i.e the natural properties of collagen were maintained. The results obtained in this study will hopefully lead to the successful development of modified SR for clinical applications.
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PMID:Plasma-induced grafted polymerization of acrylic acid and subsequent grafting of collagen onto polymer film as biomaterials. 884 64

Several conditions, such as detachment from posterior breaks or detachment with significant media opacities, may warrant vitrectomy as the primary procedure. In cases in which the preoperative retinal view is clear and a posterior break is definitively excluded, vitrectomy does not appear to offer significant advantage over scleral buckling other than a theoretically improved ability to examine the retina microscopically with scleral depression. Performing a vitrectomy for an uncomplicated retinal detachment from a small peripheral break in which scleral buckling would be the usual procedure of choice remains controversial. Although it may avoid the complications of scleral buckling, vitrectomy does have its own potential complications. The status of the lens, cornea, and configuration of the retinal tears and detachment should carefully be considered before vitrectomy. Proper patient selection and appropriate education are important factors in a successful outcome. Finally, from an economic viewpoint, the likelihood of success with vitrectomy in one procedure compared with other less expensive procedures should be considered.
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PMID:The role of vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. 1015 2

A 37-year-old ophthalmologist had bilateral simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for moderate myopia with astigmatism using the Alcon Summit LADARVision laser; an ablation zone of 5.5 mm was used. Five months after surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/25 but despite regular corneal topographies, the patient experienced prominent ghost images under photopic and scotopic conditions. To elucidate the nature of the problem, automated static perimetry was performed, which revealed a significant depression between 10 degrees and 30 degrees compared with a baseline study obtained 3 years earlier. The patient started brimonidine 0.2% 1 drop in both eyes every morning, which caused 1.5 to 2.0 mm of pupillary miosis (tonic pupil size 3.0 to 4.0 mm in dim light) and eradicated the ghost images. Repeat perimetry showed significant improvement in all indices. The mechanism of improvement is unclear but may be due to elimination of light scatter from the transition zone between the ablated and unablated cornea. The issue of perimetric changes after refractive surgery deserves more attention; postoperative testing may be indicated for patients in whom the ablation zone diameter is close to the mesopic or scotopic pupil size to provide an accurate lifetime baseline visual field.
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PMID:Iatrogenic ring scotoma after laser in situ keratomileusis. 1238 42

A 65-year-old woman had undergone cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in the left eye 5 years previously. The eye remained irritated and she did not regain useful vision. She had pain and foreign body sensation in that eye for 3 months that became especially severe in the 3 days prior to presentation. On examination, the optic and one haptic of an IOL protruded through a small fistula in a leukomatous cornea. The tip of the other haptic was embedded in the fistula. The surgical scar was intact and there was a circular depression on the superior cornea identical in size and shape to the optic. There was no history of trauma or rheumatoid arthritis. The IOL, barring one haptic, may have extruded through the site of a perforated corneal ulcer and remained impacted on the corneal surface, allowing healing under it. This is an extremely unusual presentation of an extruded IOL.
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PMID:Gradual extrusion of implant: an unusual complication after intraocular lens implantation. 1530 62


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