Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind, intra-individual cross-over comparison of the effect of piracetam on retrograde memory impairement as measured by the KS memory test battery was performed in connection with second and third Bi-ECT in 18 patients diagnosed as suffering from depression. The seizure duration and the post-ECT EGG patterns were examined visually and the post-ECT confusion time was measured. Piracetam was given orally in the dose of 4.8 g/day for 3 days. No significant effects were obtained on memory scores, electrical stimulus duration, EEG pattern or post-ECT confusion time. The findings may indicate that the protective effect of piracetam shown in animal electroconvuslive stimulation (ECS) is due to a counteraction of the disturbing effect of hypoxia on memory functions. It is concluded that more information is needed as regards the pharmacokinetics and the mode of action of the drug.
 ...
PMID:Does piracetam counteract the ECT-induced memory dysfunctions in depressed patients? 109 38

To document the point that the hyperparathyroidism should be considered a possible cause of unexplained neurological and psychiatric symptoms, the authors present five case reports of confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism in which the patients initially appeared with problems that seemed mainly psychiatric. The presenting symptoms in these cases consisted of varying degrees of depression, catatonia, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, and lethargy; there was no associated bone or renal pathology in four of the cases. The authors include a review of the pertinent literature and a discussion of the effect of calcium and magnesium bivalent ions on the central nervous system associated with hyperparathyroidism. They conclude that more investigation of the role of magnesium in this disease seems warranted.
 ...
PMID:Mental changes associated with hyperparathyroidism. 111 11

The parents of a child who dies feel the emotions of shock, mourning, and confusion as they slowly come to accept the finality of the child's death. In contemporary America they frequently feel isolated and abandoned. The individuals and institutions that were sources of emotional support in the period immediately after the child's death are no longer available after a few weeks or months. This is due to several factors: (1) American society is very mobile and the nuclear family often does not have the emotional support of the stable, extended family. (2) Children die less frequently today than they did in the past. In fact, it is almost a unique event. As a consequence, the parents of the dead child have less opportunity to share their feelings with other adults and the community at large. (3) There appears to be a misconception held by the general population that the mourning process and emotional confusion terminate after an interval of a few weeks or months. These factors were influential in motivating a number of parents who had lost children to organize a group which meets bi-monthly. The group is open-ended and nothing said is out of place. The parents have been very helpful to each other in diminishing feelings of isolation, concerns about "strange" thoughts, and feelings of hopeless depression. Requests for information on how to form such a group have come from a number of communities in various parts of the country.
 ...
PMID:After the child dies. 124 19

Acute mood changes occur with various forms of physical activity. Increased levels of endogenous opioids (endorphins) in response to exercise may mediate activity-induced shifts in mood state. Thirteen female and six male aerobics class participants aged 20-46 years received the opiate receptor antagonist naltrexone and a placebo in randomized, double-blind crossover fashion on two separate occasions at the same 75-min high-intensity aerobics class. Mood states were assessed before and after each class, which were spaced 5 days apart, using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS), a mood adjective checklist, and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) which measured mood in relation to several emotional extremes. Mood changes over the course of each aerobics class were compared in the naltrexone and placebo groups. For men and women, significant differences between conditions were observed in overall mood by both the POMS (P less than 0.005) and VAS (P less than 0.02). There were significant differences between conditions for most subscales of each mood instrument (P less than 0.05); with the placebo, mood states became calmer, more relaxed and pleasant, tending away from depression, anger and confusion. Positive mood shifts did not occur when subjects were preloaded with naltrexone, suggesting that activity-generated mood changes are mediated through endorphinergic mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Opiate receptor blockade by naltrexone and mood state after acute physical activity. 132 Apr 40

Optimal treatment of mood disorders and prevention of suicide requires biological and psychosocial methods, therapeutic alliance and psycho-education. In moderate unipolar depression an antidepressant may be sufficient, if necessary potentiated by another antidepressant or triiodothyronine. In moderate bipolar depression lithium or carbamazepine are preferred. In severe unipolar and bipolar depression the combination of an antidepressant and lithium (or carbamazepine) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated, in psychotic depression neuroleptics, too. Non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the most potent antidepressants. Moderate acute mania and mixed state may respond to lithium, carbamazepine or valproate only. In severe cases a neuroleptic and lithium are combined, or these drugs may be combined with carbamazepine or valproate. Electroconvulsive therapy is preferable in acute mixed states with marked confusion or depression. In chronic mixed state and rapid cycling, withdrawal of antidepressants and neuroleptics should be tried. Most patients will need a combination of lithium and carbamazepine or valproate. Added to these drugs, antidepressants are less risky. Adding thyroxin may stabilize rapid cycling. The combination of lithium and an antidepressant is the most potent prophylaxis in unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder dominated by depression.
 ...
PMID:[Affective disorders. Drug treatment and electroconvulsive therapy]. 135 73

This study describes sexual activity, nocturnal penile erections, and mood states as a function of serum levels of androgens in previously untreated hypogonadal men before and during hormone replacement, selected infertile men (elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels), and normal men. Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity were measured with a portable monitor, and sexual activity and mood were assessed by prospective, self-reported written forms. Nocturnal erections were absent or of very low amplitude and duration in the untreated hypogonadal men compared to the infertile and normal men. Nocturnal erections increased steadily during hormone replacement and were in the normal range within 6 to 12 months of treatment. In contrast, serum testosterone concentration rapidly reached the upper range of normal. During treatment, the hypogonadal men reported increases in several aspects of sexual activity, including sexual interest and the number of spontaneous erections. On mood inventories, the untreated hypogonadal men scored significantly higher in ratings of depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion than did infertile and normal men. During hormonal replacement therapy these scores decreased, although the hypogonadal men continued to score higher in "depression" than did infertile and normal men. In most instances, the men with infertility and the normal men were statistically indistinguishable in nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity parameters, self-reported sexual activity, and mood state. These data support the hypothesis that androgen treatment increases nocturnal and spontaneous erections, and sexual interest, and has some capacity to improve mood.
 ...
PMID:A long-term, prospective study of the physiologic and behavioral effects of hormone replacement in untreated hypogonadal men. 139 30

Comparisons are made of the impact of a suicide death on the surviving spouse (55 years and older) with that of a natural death on spouse survivors and a married nonbereaved control group over a bereavement period of 2 1/2 years after death. Regardless of mode of death, the loss of a loved one is a difficult psychological trauma, accompanied by depression, confusion, and pervasive feelings of emptiness. Few differences in the impact of the deaths in the early months of bereavement were reported, but changes appeared over the course of the 2 1/2-year measurement period. Compared with natural death survivors, the process of bereavement was found to be more difficult for the survivors of a suicide death, whose severe depressive feelings do not seem to lessen significantly and whose feelings of mental health do not seem to improve until after the first year. Women, in general, report greater feelings than men of anxiety, tension, and apprehension, especially within the first 6 months. By the end of the observation period, most of the differences between the two bereaved groups have disappeared, and both report functioning adequately despite continuing feelings of sadness and loss.
 ...
PMID:Changes in grief and mental health of bereaved spouses of older suicides. 143 Aug 57

Cognitive impairment is a significant health problem for the elderly and is associated with severe negative consequences: higher morbidity and mortality and a diminished capacity to care for self. The accurate diagnosis of acute confusion, dementia, and depression depends on the routine, systematic, and comprehensive assessment of cognition, best achieved through the use of a mental status questionnaire and a behavioral rating scale. Nonspecific clinical features, atypical and variable presentations of symptomatology, and the frequent coexistence of acute confusion, dementia, and depression make an accurate diagnosis of the specific form of cognitive impairment difficult. The primary cognition disorder in acute confusion is that of attention, memory with dementia, and mood with depression.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic dilemma: cognitive impairment in the elderly. 143 Sep 3

In two inter-Nordic multicenter controlled studies the effect of Citalopram on elderly patients with depression and emotional disturbances has been studied. One investigation included 98 patients in whom Alzheimer type dementia (AD/SDAT) and vascular dementia (VD) had been diagnosed, many of whom also had emotional disturbances. After four weeks treatment with Citalopram (10-30 mg/daily) there was significant improvement in confusion, irritability, anxiety, depressed mood and restlessness. No effect was seen on the intellectual capacity or motor performance measured. In the other study, which was a six weeks trial comparing Citalopram and placebo, elderly patients with a treatment-requiring depression were treated. Demented as well as non-demented patients were included. The Hamilton Depression Scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and The Clinical Global Impressions all recorded an effect of Citalopram superior to that of placebo. In both studies depressive symptoms as well as symptoms of agitation, anxiety, restlessness and irritability improved. Citalopram is therefore considered not only an antidepressive drug but also an emotional stabilizer. The drug was well tolerated by elderly often somatically ill patients. Side effects were few.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of depression in elderly patients with and without dementia disorders. 143 Oct 23

Pain ratings during the cold pressor test were significantly lower in female inpatients with borderline personality disorder who report that they do not experience pain during self-injury (BPD-NP group, n = 11), compared with similar patients who report that they do experience pain during self-injury (BPD-P group, n = 11), and normal female subjects (n = 6). Pain ratings were not significantly different in the BPD-P and normal control groups. Self-report ratings of depression, anger, anxiety, and confusion were significantly lower, and ratings of vigor significantly higher following the cold pressor test in the BPD-NP group, but not in the BPD-P group. Only anxiety was significantly lower in the normal control group following the cold pressor test. The implications and limitations of these preliminary findings are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Pain perception in self-injurious patients with borderline personality disorder. 144 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>