Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) with influenza virus causes depression of PMNL metabolic and bactericidal activities. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine whether the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus mediates this depression. PMNL were incubated with purified HA and the oxidative responses to exogenous stimuli were measured. The results indicate that HA, in either liposomes or protein aggregates referred to as rosettes, depressed PMNL oxidative responses. Depression was observed within 2 min of initial interaction of HA with PMNL and lasted more than 2 h. The membrane fusion activity of HA requires proteolytic cleavage of the HA, whereas the receptor binding activity does not. There was no difference in the ability of virions with cleaved or uncleaved HA to depress PMNL responses suggesting that the fusion event is not required for PMNL dysfunction. Inasmuch as the HA glycoprotein binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the surface of the PMNL, we tested whether other sialic acid-specific binding proteins can mediate the reduction of PMNL responses. Sialic acid-specific lectins from Limulus polyphemus or Limax flavus were incubated with PMNL before measuring their responses to secondary stimulus. Depression was observed upon incubation with the lectins similar to that seen upon incubation with the HA or influenza virus. These results suggest that attachment of influenza virus to sialic acid-containing receptors is responsible at least in part, for suppressing PMNL oxidative responses.
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PMID:Depression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions by purified influenza virus hemagglutinin and sialic acid-binding lectins. 272 34

Septicemia in hematologic malignancies and infection of herpes zoster in cancer patients were studied, and trend in organisms in a cancer hospital was investigated. 1) Septicemia in hematologic malignancies. The success rate of antibiotic therapy for septicemia was 76% if the patients were not under antibiotic therapy when septicemia developed. But recovery from septicemia was only 25% if the patients were undergoing antibiotic therapy when septicemia developed. Some 90% of neutropenic patients under 500/microliters, who were not under antibiotic therapy when septicemia developed, recovered from septicemia if the neutrophil count increased in the following 5 days. Change in the neutrophil count was an important factor determining the success or failure of antibiotic therapy for septicemia. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Shortening of the period of neutropenia or preventing its occurrence should reduce the incidence and the severity of infection. 2) Infection of herpes zoster in cancer patients. Thirty-four cancer patients were associated with herpes zoster. Eleven of them were patients with malignant lymphoma and ten of them were patients of breast cancer. Most patients were heavily pretreated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before the development of herpes zoster. Marked lymphocytopenia was observed at the onset of herpes zoster. Absolute lymphocyte count was under 1000/microliters in 71% of these patients. Development of herpes zoster in cancer patients was considered to be due to the depression of cell-mediated immunity which was the result of repeated and continued anticancer therapy. Acyclovir was found to be effective to treat herpes zoster in these patients. 3) Trend of organisms detected in cancer hospital. The frequency of organisms isolated from clinical materials in the National Cancer Center Hospital was compared during the period from 1978 to 1982 and the period from 1983 to 1987. The most common organism detected in both periods was P. aeruginosa and no change in frequency was observed. But the frequency of gram-negative bacilli, E. coli, Klebsiella and Serratia, decreased significantly in the latter period while the frequency of gram-positive cocci, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus increased markedly in the latter period. The use of cephems of third generation in the latter period could be one reason for the recent change of organisms detected in the hospital. Appropriate therapy for infection based on the latest and accurate information should be used.
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PMID:[Infection and immunosuppression in cancer patients]. 273 15

Imprecise diagnosis of birth asphyxia coupled with uncertainties about causal factors for neurologic abnormalities in the newborn have greatly fueled the current litigation crisis in obstetrics. Our goal was to more precisely define birth asphyxia based on fetal condition as measured by umbilical artery blood pH, Apgar scores, and neurologic condition of newborns. We selected for study 2738 patients with singleton pregnancies with cephalic presentations who were delivered of infants at term to avoid complications such as prematurity, which may affect infant outcome independent of birth condition. The basis for study of these particular patients were defined criteria for high risk and an indicated arterial cord pH value. A total of five infants demonstrated cerebral dysfunction as evidenced by seizures during the neonatal period. Infection was linked to seizures in three of these infants; one infant had neonatal asphyxia and only one infant's clinical course could be attributed solely to birth events (uterine rupture). Stratification of umbilical artery blood pH values, Apgar scores, and combinations of these dependent variables in relation to newborn clinical outcomes revealed that infants must be severely depressed at delivery before birth asphyxia can be reliably diagnosed. Such depression includes Apgar scores less than or equal to 3 at 1 and 5 minutes plus umbilical artery pH values less than 7.00.
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PMID:Diagnosis of birth asphyxia on the basis of fetal pH, Apgar score, and newborn cerebral dysfunction. 278 67

The authors were among a group of 200 health workers from the United States and Canada who visited Nicaragua in October 1984 to observe the health consequences of the "limited covert war" there. The task force reported that biological effects of the war include the killing of 7,000 persons, an increased prevalence of infectious diseases, and a severe disruption of the improvement in health services achieved by the Nicaraguan government since 1979. Because of the diversion of resources to military purposes, the building of new health service posts, development of teaching programs, and upkeep of equipment have been severely curtailed. Depression and other psychological problems have increased. Maintaining that sufficient information has been obtained to document a pattern of activity by the contras that violates principles of medical neutrality under the Geneva Convention, the authors urge physicians and other health workers to speak out against the war.
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PMID:The epidemiology of aggression. Health consequences of war in Nicaragua. 286 18

Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina were administered orally to cage-housed broilers at a dose of 3.5 X 10(5) resulted in mild subclinical coccidiosis. Clostridium perfringens incorporated in feed at a level of 2.5 X 10(8) organisms/g. produced lesions characteristic of necrotic enteritis. Mortality of 8% (7/80) occurred in birds fed a ration inoculated with Cl. perfringens alone. Mortality of 35% (28/80) was observed in birds which received an oral dose of E. acervulina and which were fed simultaneously with a ration containing Cl. perfringens. Birds which were fed an inoculated ration two days after an oral dose of E. acervulina showed 41% (33/80) mortality. Birds which received an inoculated ration for two days before administration of an oral dose of E. acervulina demonstrated 18% mortality (15/80). Birds which were fed an inoculated ration four days after an oral dose of E. acervulina showed 10% mortality. Infection with E. acervulina reduced the pH of intestinal contents with a simultaneous depression in serum protein. A 39% increase in intestinal passage time from 178 to 248 minutes occurred on the fifth day after infection with E. acervulina. These experiments suggest that necrotic enteritis, attributed to proliferation of a toxigenic strain of Cl. perfringens, followed intestinal stasis and minimal lesions induced by mild intestinal coccidiosis.
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PMID:Etiology and pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis. 286 8

During phase-II studies monitored by Hoechst AG (Germany) and Daiichi (Japan) and phase-III/IV studies of Hoechst AG 577 adverse drug reactions were recorded among 13,717 patients treated with ofloxacin. Treatment was stopped in about 40% of the patients with adverse drug reactions. Most of the adverse reactions concerned the gastrointestinal tract. 124 adverse reactions concerned the central nervous system, mostly headache and sleep disturbances (n = 84). For the rare occurrences of other symptoms of the central nervous system, such as hallucinations (n = 1), nightmares (n = 1), confusion (n = 1), and depression (n = 2) the data are inadequate to appraise the relative importance of possible contributing factors.
Infection 1986
PMID:Safety of ofloxacin--adverse drug reactions reported during phase-II studies in Europe and in Japan. 295 61

1. Ten Friesian male calves of about 100 kg and 3 months old were reared similarly and were worm-free. From 13 weeks of age five calves received a dose of 640 infective larvae (L3) of lungworms (Dictyocaulus viviparus) twice weekly for 8 weeks to simulate continuous infection. Animals not infected were fed to the same level as the infected animals (about 1.2-1.3 kg concentrates and 1.4-1.5 kg good-quality hay/d). 2. Heat production was measured twice weekly during 48 h (days 2 and 3, and days 5 and 6) in each group of experimental animals. 3. Infection caused considerable damage to the lungs, increased respiration frequency and clearly produced antibody titres against D. viviparus. 4. Animals infected with lungworms had on average a lower rate of weight gain, reduced by 70 g/d per animal. Digestibility was not affected. Nitrogen retention was much lower in infected animals (12.0 v. 14.6 g/d per animal in controls). 5. Metabolizability of energy was slightly reduced in infected animals. Heat production as found in infected animals may be associated with an increased maintenance energy requirement of 30 kJ/kg live weight 0.75 per d or reduced partial efficiency of feed conversion above maintenance in animals infected with lungworms (58.5 v. 64.1% in the control animals). 6. It was concluded that the depression in rate of gain was related to reduced intake of feed and to decreased N retention.
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PMID:Effect of infection with lungworms (Dictyocaulus viviparus) on energy and nitrogen metabolism in growing calves. 296 Mar 73

The most commonly recognized behavioral patterns of animals and people at the onset of febrile infectious diseases are lethargy, depression, anorexia, and reduction in grooming. Findings from recent lines of research are reviewed to formulate the perspective that the behavior of sick animals and people is not a maladaptive response or the effect of debilitation, but rather an organized, evolved behavioral strategy to facilitate the role of fever in combating viral and bacterial infections. The sick individual is viewed as being at a life or death juncture and its behavior is an all-out effort to overcome the disease.
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PMID:Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. 305 Jun 29

Infection of mice with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium C5TS allowed the survival of genetically susceptible mice. The ability to mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep erythrocytes during infection with C5TS was studied in various inbred mouse strains, recombinant inbred strains derived from C57BL/6 (susceptible) and A/J (resistant) mice, and C3H congenic mice. Suppression of the DTH response to sheep erythrocytes was found in mice that carried the Itys allele, the H-2b haplotype, or both. These genes are known to increase susceptibility to S. typhimurium infection. In contrast, no DTH response suppression was observed in mouse strains that carried other genes that increased susceptibility to S. typhimurium, e.g., DBA/2 and C3H/HeJ. Apart from a transient suppression in A/J mice, the DTH responses of resistant mice (A/J and CBA) were normal or increased. The DTH response to sheep erythrocytes could be restored in immunodepressed mice by increasing the immunizing dose, suggesting the possible role of activated macrophages in depression of the DTH response.
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PMID:Genetic control of Salmonella typhimurium-induced depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in mice. 312 86

Infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi results in a severe immunosuppression, accompanied by the appearance of autoimmune symptoms. We have previously shown that proliferation and interleukin 2 production by concanavalin A-stimulated T cells from infected mice is severely depressed. In this study we show that at least two phenomena are responsible for this depression. First, mixing experiments showed the existence, in spleens of infected animals, of adherent, Thy-1-negative and radioresistant suppressor cells. Second, studies of enriched T cell populations and analysis of precursors by limiting dilution showed that the T cell compartment itself was impaired in infected animals: responses of enriched T cells, even when reconstituted with normal accessory cells, reached only 40% of those obtained with normal uninfected mice.
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PMID:T lymphocyte function during experimental Chagas' disease: production of and response to interleukin 2. 315 31


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