Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this work was to compare the sensitivity of non-invasive tests used for the diagnosis of variant angina pectoris (VAP). In a group of 38 patients with VAP the authors compare the sensitivity of the cold test (CT), hyperventilation test (HT), handgrip (HG), bicycle ergometry (BE) and a newly suggested combination of hyperventilation with HG and BE resp. The authors evaluated first the sensitivity of ST elevations which are an entirely specific sign and in particular denivelization of ST (by depression or elevation) which is a less specific sign. The sensitivity of different tests was as follows: CT 5% and 5% resp., HT 18% and 39% resp., HG 13% and 29% resp., BE 26% and 66% resp., HV+HG 37% and 63% resp., HV+BE 50% and 87% resp. Then the authors assessed the sensitivity of repeated examinations HV+HG 47% and evaluation during denivelization of ST 63%, HV+BE 66% and 89% resp. The authors evaluated moreover the sensitivity of ST elevations in patients according to the activity of the disease. Patients with at least five stenocardias per week had a higher sensitivity, as compared with patients with less frequent attacks: HV+HG 42% and 25% resp., HV+BE 60% and 33% resp. The highest sensitivity was found in a combination of HV+BE. Repetition of the test in case of a negative result increased markedly the sensitivity, a higher sensitivity was found also in patients with more frequent stenocardias.
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PMID:[Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary spasm]. 152 58

We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of amiodarone on left ventricular (LV) function after global ischemia. Amiodarone was administered orally at 15 mg/kg/day for an average of 28 days to a group of 10 dogs. The concentration of amiodarone in serum and LV myocardium was 0.40 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml and 44 +/- 27.0 micrograms/g, respectively. This experimental group and a control group of 10 dogs each underwent 120 min of aortic cross-clamping with cold crystalloid cardioplegia resulting in an average myocardial temperature of 15 degrees C. LV function measurements by pulse-transit sonomicrometry and Millar solid-state micromanometers were processed by a minicomputer. Compared to the nontreated control group, oral amiodarone for 28 days produced depression of LV contractility which was reflected by lower slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (Evmax), percentage shortening of segment length, left ventricular pressure-segment length loop area, and slope of the end-systolic pressure-segment length relation (Esmax). After ischemia, percentage recovery of LV global function (Evmax and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening) and regional function (Esmax) was significantly better in the amiodarone group than in the control group. We conclude that oral amiodarone for 28 days results in a depression of LV contractility but the combination of amiodarone and ischemia does not act synergistically to further depress postischemic LV function.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of oral amiodarone on left ventricular function before and after global ischemia. 153 5

It has been reported that after 40 minutes of stimulation of the medullary reticular formation (MORF), widespread significant increase by 1.4% to 2.8% in brain water content occurs in white matter of the injured hemisphere. Recent studies indicate that centrally released arginine vasopressin (AVP) influences water permeability of the brain in both normal and pathological conditions. The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of electrical stimulation of MORF on centrally released AVP. The cats were divided into three groups. In group A (16 cats), electrical stimulation of MORF (1msec, 5V, 50Hz) was carried out for 80 minutes in normal cats. In group B (11 cats), stimulation was started 17 hours after cold injury under the same conditions and carried out for 80 minutes. In group C (10 cats), angiotensin II was administered to elevate blood pressure to the same degree as during MORF stimulation 17 hours after cold injury. AVP concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and brain tissue of the injured and non-injured white matter were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma osmolality was also determined by the freezing point depression method. Normal values (mean +/- S. D.) of CSF and plasma AVP were 4.0 +/- 2.2 and 9.9 +/- 3.6 pg/ml respectively. Plasma AVP and osmolality did not show significant changes before and at the end of experiments in all groups. There were no significant changes in CSF AVP by induced hypertension for 80 minutes (Group C). Stimulation of the medullary reticular formation resulted in significant and progressive increase in CSF AVP in normal and injured brain (Group A, B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Changes in centrally released arginine vasopressin by stimulation of the medullary reticular formation]. 156 84

Thirty-four subjects meeting diagnostic criteria for episodic tension-type headache and 42 who rarely experienced headaches participated in two laboratory sessions in which cephalic electromyographic (EMG) activity, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and finger temperature were recorded. Subjects performed relaxation, choice reaction time, psychomotor tracking, voluntary muscle contraction, and cold pressor tasks. Headache subjects showed significantly greater EMG activity than controls during baseline and stressful task performance. During relaxation, both groups reduced EMG activity from baseline levels, and there was no significant difference in EMG level between the groups during relaxation. Headache subjects reported higher levels of subjective anxiety, depression, anger, and stress than controls. Headache subjects also reported higher levels of pain than controls, and headache subjects reported greater pain during stressful task performance relative to baseline and recovery periods.
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PMID:Electromyographic and affective responses of episodic tension-type headache patients and headache-free controls during stressful task performance. 158 75

This study compared the function of reduced grafts prepared in situ or ex vivo and transplanted immediately or after 4 hr of cold storage. Measurements of acid/base balance, plasma electrolytes, albumin, and urea showed no differences between groups. There was no difference between the increase and decline of plasma AST in recipients of grafts transplanted immediately after either ex vivo or in situ reduction; the increase in plasma AST of recipients of stored grafts was up to 10-fold and persisted until the end of the study at 7 days, with some decline. Plasma fibrinogen decreased intraoperatively but levels were restored within 24 hr in all groups; plasma prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were not significantly disturbed. The patterns of decline and return of tissue adenine nucleotides were similar in all groups. While the regenerative response measured by tissue thymidine kinase and mitotic figures was not different between the groups, comparison with results from a group of partially hepatectomized animals showed a 3-4-fold depression in response in reduced liver grafts. The contributions of the effects of ischemia, flushing, and preservation to the depressed regenerative response of reduced liver grafts need to be determined. The present studies suggest however, that with regard to functional assessment, results are not affected either by ex vivo or in situ reduction of the graft, or by cold storage for 4 hr.
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PMID:Ex vivo versus in situ resection of segmental liver grafts in pigs--a comparison in immediate and four-hour-stored grafts. 158 63

The left somatosensory cortex of PVG/C rats was subjected to a transcranial cold lesion, spontaneous and evoked cortical activity was studied 2-3 weeks after the lesion. The spontaneous activity underwent a depression at the focus of the lesion. Close to the epicentre of the lesion, the amplitude of the potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the contralateral whisker pad was considerably smaller than in the controls and an almost complete reduction of the initial positive phase was found. Perifocally, 3-4 mm from the epicentre, evoked potentials with enhanced amplitudes were recorded in all experiments. It seems that considerable damage took place at the epicentre of the lesion, while perifocally an excitatory (and/or inhibitory?) mechanism was activated.
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PMID:Late consequences of cryogenic brain lesion in rat; an electrophysiological study. 161 Oct 35

Using liver allografts with warm or cold ischemia, we evaluated functional and morphological alterations in hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in a rat transplantation model. All recipients of allografts with either 4 hr of cold or 30 min of warm ischemia lived more than 22 days and were judged viable. On the other hand, all recipients of grafts with 6 hr of cold or 60 min of warm ischemia died within 2 days and were therefore judged to be nonviable. With these viable and nonviable allograft models, hepatocyte function was evaluated by the bile output and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels; endothelial cell function was judged by the serum hyaluronic acid level, and Kupffer cell function was measured by an intravenous colloidal carbon clearance test. Hepatocyte injury was the prominent feature in warm ischemic grafts, especially in the nonviable ones. On the other hand, serum hyaluronic acid values were significantly higher in the nonviable cold ischemic group, compared with the viable counterpart, suggesting that the functional depression of endothelial cells was predominant in cold, nonviable livers. Histological examinations coincided with the above findings. The phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells was depressed by warm or cold ischemia, whereas the number of Kupffer cells was reduced in the warm ischemia group. We conclude that in liver allografts the main site of injury in warm ischemia is the hepatocytes and suggest that cold ischemia is associated with endothelial cell damage.
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PMID:Ischemic injury in liver transplantation: difference in injury sites between warm and cold ischemia in rats. 163 55

This paper presents the case of a 29 year-old male with a left ethmoidal pyocele with orbital and intracranial extensions causing proptosis and a temporal visual field defect of the left eye. The patient had a history of nasal injury as a result of traffic accident eleven years ago, and was well until four months prior to his first visit at which time he had an onset of left eye pain, proptosis, and blurring of vision developed following a URI episode. Since then, fluctuation of symptoms was noted with exacerbation when contracting a common cold. The left ethmoidal pyocele was diagnosed via clinical features and roentgenographic findings. The patient received a Caldwell Luc Operation with endonasal ethmoidectomy and the postoperative condition was good except for constriction of the entire visual field and the depression of temporal internal isopters of the left eye.
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PMID:[Proptosis and optic nerve compression caused by unilateral ethmoidal pyocele: a case report]. 165 46

In experiments on 123 male rats have been found that the combination of immobilizing and cold (4 degrees C) stresses during 6 hours results in the formation of 4.5 gastric mucosa ulcers in every rat, marked activation of lipoperoxidation and depression of antioxidant activity of myocardium, significant increase of relative mass of adrenal glands, decrease of spleen mass and death of 80% animals accompanied by the reduction of concentration of thyroid hormones in blood serum and hypothermia (to 28 degrees C). The prestress injection of small doses of thyroidine decreased of mucosa defect rate and the number of ulcers to 2.8, made less marked the changes of relative mass of adrenal glands and spleen and the changes of concentration of thyroid hormones in blood serum, significantly limited the activation of lipoperoxidation, depression of power in antioxidant systems of myocardium, hypothermia (to 32.5 degrees C) and significantly increased the survival rate (to 70%).
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PMID:[The enhancement of body resistance to combined exposure to immobilization and cold with thyroid hormones]. 176 34

In order to minimize heat loss cold stress induces peripheral vasoconstriction via the sympathetic nervous system. This effect is most pronounced in the extremities. Vasoconstriction does not appear in the head-neck region--a fact of great importance in emergency situations. In order to compensate for heat loss shivering is an early event, where involuntary muscle contractions increase metabolic rate 2-6 fold. Early tachycardia and elevated blood-pressure, followed by progressive bradycardia and lowered pressure are common cardiovascular effects of hypothermia. Death due to ventricular fibrillation or asystole occurs between 28 degrees-25 degrees C. Cold stress causes an osmolal diuresis with sodium and chloride as the main constituents. The natriuresis is of tubular origin and could be due to impaired autoregulation in the kidney and/or depend on the natriuretic polypeptide. The augmented urine flow decreases blood volume, lowers physical working capacity and increases blood viscosity--all negative events in a hazardous situation. Sudden immersion initiates hyperventilation for 1-2 minutes with an increasing risk of drowning. Thereafter ventilation decreases to rates consistent with metabolic requirements. In severe hypothermia carbon dioxide retention causes respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Hypothermia induces progressive depression of mental functions starting with apathy and bizarre behaviour and ending in lethargy and coma often between 30 degrees-28 degrees C. The paradoxal feeling of heat with undressing in agony could depend on cerebral receptor disturbances.
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PMID:Human physiology under cold exposure. 181 74


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