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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A41 304 at 400 mug/kg produced depression of body weight gains in the rat dams but did not increase the number of the fetuses with gross malformations. At 400 mug/kg of dexamethasone, body weight gains of the rat dams were markedly depressed and fetuses presented cleft palate and depression of the placental weight, body weight and crown-rump length. As for the influence of both drugs upon the fetal skeleton, ossification of the odontoid process and metatarsus was delayed and lumbar ribs increased. Dexamethasone at 400 mug/kg, in addition to these findings, caused prominently delayed ossification to the caudal vertebrae. When A41 304 at 1600 mug/kg and dexamethasone at 400 mug/kg were given to pregnant mice, cleft palate occurred with high incidences, but neither visceral abnormalities nor skeletal malformations attributable to the drug administration were observed. The critical period of cleft palate which was noted in the mice given A41 304 was day 11 through day 15 of pregnancy, mainly 11 approximately 13 of pregnancy. Cleft palate was seen in a dose-related manner in either A41 304-treated groups or dexamethasone-treated groups, but the incidence at the same dosage level was higher in dexamethasome-treated groups than in A41 304-treated groups.
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PMID:[Effects of 9-fluoro-11 beta, 21-dihydroxy-16 ampha-methylpregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20-dione (A41 304) and dexamethasone on the fetus of mice and rats]. 123 51

Psychosocial adjustment was evaluated in different groups of children with craniofacial deformities in order to examine the relationships between symmetry, functional impairments, and social adaptation. Thirty patients, ages 6 through 16 years, were assessed using a battery of standard psychologic measures including Human Figure Drawing, Tasks of Emotional Adjustment, and Children's Depression Inventory. Parents and teachers also provided ratings of the children's functioning using the Child Behavior Checklist (parent and teacher forms). Scores on the outcome measures were summarized with descriptive statistics and then multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to determine the differences in psychosocial development between children with symmetric versus asymmetric craniofacial deformities and between the presence or absence of a functional impairment in children with craniofacial deformities. The results indicate that children with symmetric craniofacial deformities score poorer on measures of psychosocial adjustment than children with asymmetric deformities (F = 3.20, p less than 0.015); however, differences among the groups with or without functional impairments were not significant.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1991 Oct
PMID:Psychosocial adjustment in children with hemifacial microsomia and other craniofacial deformities. 174 3

Microform cleft lip is a mild expression of cleft lip and may be difficult to repair. Its severity may be defined by the degree of downward depression of the nostril rim, skin striae of the upper lip, notching of Cupid's bow, and deformity of the vermilion border. Variation in surgical repair is reported for each type of microform cleft lip.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1991 Jul
PMID:Operations for microforms of cleft lip. 191 18

A teratological test was carried out on tri-n-butyltin acetate (TBTA) used as a biocide and anti-fouling agent. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated orally with TBTA at dose levels of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg from days 7-17 of gestation. Cesarean sections were performed on day 20 of gestation. In pregnant rats, salivation and depression of body weight gain and food intake were observed at a late stage of pregnancy at the highest dose level of TBTA. Atrophy of the thymus was also observed in a dose-dependent manner on day 20 of gestation. In the fetuses, treatment with the highest dose level increased embryonic and fetal deaths, increased the incidence of fetuses with cleft palate, cervical rib and/or rudimentary lumbar rib, and decreased the body weights of fetuses.
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PMID:Teratogenicity study of tri-n-butyltin acetate in rats by oral administration. 199 92

Female CD-1 mice were exposed to Tordon 202c (a picloram and 2,4-D combination herbicide) in the drinking water at concentrations of 0.21, 0.42, and 0.84% for 60 days prior to mating with untreated males. One-half of the pregnant females subsequently continued treatment throughout gestation while the remaining females were maintained on distilled water. Fetal weight, crown-rump length, placental weight, and maternal gestational weight gain were reduced in a dose-dependent manner following combined preconceptional and gestational exposure. The incidence of malformed fetuses (cleft palate, renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, unilateral testicular agenesis, and umbilical hernia) and fetuses with variants (especially incomplete ossification of the skeleton) were increased in a dose-dependent manner following combined exposure. Increased maternal mortality and decreased preconception weight gain were observed in the highest-dosage group. Relative maternal liver weight was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that combined preconceptional and gestational exposure to Tordon 202c is required for teratogenesis and fetal growth depression. Preconceptional exposure alone is not effective in increasing the risk for embryotoxicity.
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PMID:Effects of preconceptional and gestational exposure to Tordon 202c on fetal growth and development in CD-1 mice. 278 33

The hemlocks, Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) and Cicuta spp. (waterhemlock), are poisonous plants that cause sizeable losss to the livestock industry. Clinical signs of poisonhemlock toxicosis are similar in all species of livestock and include muscular weakness, incordination, trembling, initial central nervous system stimulation, depression and death from respiratory paralysis. Poison-hemlock also causes skeletal defects in the offspring of cattle, pigs and sheep and cleft palate in pigs when ingested during specific periods of gestation. The primary toxicants in poison-hemlock are coniine and gamma-coniceine. Coniine predominates in mature plants and seed, whereas gamma-coniceine predominates in early growth of the plant. Waterhemlock is the most violently toxic poisonous plant known. The toxicant is cicutoxin, which acts on the central nervous system, causing violent convulsions and death. Clinical signs of poisoning appear within 15 min after ingestion of a lethal dose and include excessive salivation, nervousness, tremors, muscular weakness and convulsive seizures interspersed by intermittent periods of relaxation and a final paralytic seizure resulting in anoxia and death. Elevated activities of lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase in blood are observed, indicative of muscular damage. Toxicoses from poisonhemlock and waterhemlock generally occur in early spring when both plants emerge before other, more palatable plants begin to grow. All parts of the poison-hemlock plant are toxic. The root or tubers of waterhemlock are toxic; however, experimental evidence concerning the toxicity of other plant parts is inconclusive.
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PMID:Toxicoses in livestock from the hemlocks (Conium and Cicuta spp.). 304 97

The present study used the Restraint Scale (Herman & Polivy, 1975) and the Binge Scale (Hawkins & Clement, 1980) to identify two distinct groups of college students: those who scored high on both scales ("restrained/binge eaters") and those who scored low on both scales ("unrestrained/nonbinge eaters"). Following subject identification, 26 restrained/binge females, 25 unrestrained/nonbinge females, 14 restrained/binge males, and 13 unrestrained/nonbinge males were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock & Erbaugh, 1961), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1975), and a questionnaire on bulimic symptoms (based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, 1980) that allowed each subject to be classified as bulimic, binge eater, or normal eater. All of the students identified as bulimic were from the restrained/binge group and that group contained twice as many binge eaters as the unrestrained/nonbinge group. Students in the restrained/binge group were found to be more depressed than students in the unrestrained/nonbinge group and less well adjusted in areas of socialization, maturity, responsibility, and intrapersonal structuring of values. Results may be suggestive of personality factors tht predispose one to develop eating disturbances and/or useful in directing therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Personality characteristics of restrained/binge eaters versus unrestrained/nonbinge eaters. 346 92

We report the histopathological findings of the temporal bones and the nasal and paranasal specimen of a 7-month-old girl diagnosed as having Wolf-Hirschhorn or 4p- syndrome (deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4). This syndrome is characterized by growth retardation, mental retardation, and multiple congenital abnormalities, including craniofacial anomalies and hearing disturbance. These temporal bones displayed malformation of the ossicles, absence of the oval windows, abnormal course of the facial nerve with incomplete bony canal, and depression of the cochlear duct and the saccule. In addition, cholesteatoma, which might be of congenital origin, was present behind the eardrum. The nasal and paranasal specimen showed bilateral complete cleft palate with normal development of paranasal sinuses, nasal septum, and conchae.
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PMID:A histological study of the temporal bones and the nose in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. 367

The present article reports on the results of several comparisons between 45 adult males with diagnosed coronary heart disease (cases) and their wives and 50 adult males without coronary heart disease (noncases) and their wives recruited from the Western Collaborative Group Study. The California Psychological Inventory and a life satisfaction inventory were administered to the couples in the two types of families. Results indicate that although both sets of husbands and wives fell within the well-functioning range on the CPI, wives of cases were significantly more dominant and less flexible than wives of noncase husbands. Case husbands were significantly more dominant than noncase husbands. No mean differences existed between case and noncase husbands and wives on a variety of life satisfaction measures. Computation of spouse-pair correlations revealed a pattern of overall dissimilarity across the CPI scales for case couples and overall similarity for the noncase couples. The only scale on which case spouse pairs were significantly similar was one measuring depression. Noncase couples were significantly more similar than case couples on scales measuring sociability, self-acceptance, and socialization. Previous findings from the research literature in the fields of personality, cardiac rehabilitation, and assortative mating are used to generate three competing hypotheses relating the present findings to cross spouse disease associations.
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PMID:Spouse-pair similarity on the California Psychological Inventory with reference to husband's coronary heart disease. 370 82

The incidence of autosomal dominantly inherited Van der Woude's syndrome among Finnish patients with cleft lip and palate CL(P) and with isolated cleft palate (CP) is approximately 2.5%. The incidence of conical elevation of the lower lip (CE) is 39% in CP and 0.8% in CL(P) patients. A pathogenetic similarity of sinuses and CE's was noted. The following classification was used to study associations between sinuses and CE's: (1) sinus; bilateral, unilateral, atypical; (2) CE: bilateral, unilateral; (3) median depression of the lower lip (MD); (4) combined sinus and CE; (5) combined CE and MD. According to the classification developed, a group of 77 sinus patients and 156 CE and/or MD patients was classified in subgroups of CL(P), CP, Pierre Robin anomalad (PR) and non-cleft subjects. The findings were: the sinus was bilateral on 52%, unilateral in 34% and atypical in 14%; the CE without associated sinus was bilateral in all cases; the sinus was associated with CE in 77% of all sinus subjects. The highly increased incidence of the CE in the CP (92%) and in the CL(P) (61%) sinus groups compared to the incidences of CE in these groups in general (39% and 0.8%) shows a close relationship between these 2 disorders of the lower lip, but the similarity of the genetic etiology still remains unclear.
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PMID:Correlations of sinus, conical elevation, median depression of the lower lip and types of oral clefts. 393 95


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