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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with acute and chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR) were studied by psychophysical and photochemical means to establish the extent of visual depression and to investigate the basis of rod dysfunction in this disorder. In acute disease with serous detachment of the retina, the loss of sensitivity attains 3 log units and parallels the height of retinal elevation as does its recovery with resolution of the episode. Immediately after resolution, there is a residual 0.5 log unit threshold elevation. In chronic disease, marked loss of function exists over areas of abnormal retinal pigment epithelium in the absence of clinically detectable serous detachment. Although rhodopsin levels are low in both acute and chronic CSR, this relative lack of visual pigment does not totally account for the functional deficits in either situation.
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PMID:Retinal dysfunction in central serous retinopathy. 355 51

The subject of this presentation is depression in patients with concomitant chronic disease. With this focus, it is perhaps easy to overlook the fact that, for many patients, depression is, in itself, a chronic condition requiring a long-term management strategy. The most familiar model of depression is that of an illness which, though it may have been present for a long period, is usually curable with an 8 to 12 month course of medication. An unknown number of depressed patients, however, may require long-term or maintenance antidepressant drug therapy. The definition, recognition, and management of chronic depression are briefly reviewed. An ongoing prospective study of the long term (5-15 years) use of doxepin indicates that this tricyclic antidepressant is feasible, efficacious, and safe in the treatment of judiciously selected and carefully monitored patients. Advantages of doxepin therapy include its lack of adverse interactions with prescription and non-prescription drugs taken by these patients and the high degree of safety seen in patients with concomitant cardiovascular and other physical disorders. Thus, doxepin appears to be a suitable drug for the long-term maintenance outpatient treatment of chronic depression.
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PMID:Five to fifteen years' maintenance doxepin therapy. 355 51

The most frequent psychic disturbances in Parkinson patients are reversible toxic psychoses usually triggered by the antiparkinsonian therapy. One also finds depression and demential syndromes. The appearance of psychiatric complications shows a relation to age, duration, course and stage of the disease, drug dosage and occasionally to situational factors. The pharmacotoxic psychoses, to a certain degree, can be considered as specific for the terminal stages of the disease. They occur in two out of three patients and curtail therapeutic facilities decisively. Depression can not be considered as an integral part of the majority of Morbus Parkinson varieties, since its incidence and severity in old people afflicted with chronic disease, other than parkinson's disease, are not any lower. Dementing processes, in spite of the presently higher average age of the Parkinson population, show a more severe course in other cerebral diseases, like SDAT and MID than in the typical Parkinson patient, free from other cerebral affections. The additional appearance of SDAT and/or MID, with ageing is, however, equally possible.
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PMID:[Psychological changes in Parkinson disease]. 378 91

The purpose of this study was to compare the emotional symptoms and physical health of parents whose children had died suddenly in an accident, parents whose children had died following a chronic disease, and nonbereaved parents. Data for this retrospective survey were collected by mailed questionnaires: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL), Bereavement Health Assessment Scale, Review of Life Experiences Scale, and a personal-situation questionnaire. Subjects were 30 bereaved parents who had experienced the death of a child following a chronic disease; 31 bereaved parents whose children died in an accident; and 81 nonbereaved parents. Findings indicated significant differences between the bereaved groups and the control group on the total scale score of the HSCL and on the subscales measuring Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, Obsession-Compulsion, and Interpersonal Sensitivity. However, there were no differences on these variables between the two bereaved groups. Bereaved parents with higher concurrent life stresses and parents from a lower socioeconomic background were at higher risk for emotional symptomatology. There were no significant differences among the three groups on the number of physician/nurse visits, number of hospital admissions, number of new or recurrent illnesses, or drug usage. Bereaved parents, however, more frequently reported appetite and sleep problems.
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PMID:Emotional symptoms and physical health in bereaved parents. 384 35

These results demonstrate that some of the metabolic complications of chronic uremia treated with maintenance hemodialysis are related to the deterioration in physical fitness and strength that accompanies this chronic disease. Exercise training increased the physical work capacity, improved the lipid profile, normalized insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, and lowered the dose of antihypertensive medications required by some of the patients. These changes occurred in the absence of significant changes in diet or body weight. Furthermore, during an equivalent period of follow-up there was a significant deterioration in the lipid profiles of sedentary controls. Thus, exercise training has the potential to reduce the prevalence of many of the medical conditions thought to promote atherogenesis in hemodialysis patients. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the degree of anemia of the exercising patients. None of these metabolic and physiological changes could be attributed to factors related to changes in dialysis scheduling or technology, medications, or diets. Exercise training was associated with an improvement in the mood, level of depression, and psychosocial functioning of these patients; the sedentary controls either became more depressed or reduced their participation in pleasant, socially oriented activities. This raises the possibility that exercise training may have the potential to return some dialysis patients to a more normal social lifestyle, perhaps improving their socioeconomic status and reducing their dependency. These are extremely optimistic possibilities that could have far-reaching implications for the hemodialysis population. The dramatic improvements in lipid and glucose metabolism, hematologic function, blood pressure and work capacity in the exercising patients indicates that aerobic physical training is an effective therapeutic modality with a wide spectrum of effects on many pathologic processes previously thought to be a consequence of chronic uremia. Not only were there major biochemical changes as a result of exercise training, but the psychosocial functioning of these dialysis patients improved. Some of the physiologic changes, such as the increase in work capacity, greater strength and energy, and the rise in hematocrit, contributed to the psychological improvements, but in some patients accomplishing the goal itself (for most a 1-mile jog was the ultimate) seemed sufficient. There are a multitude of potential long-term benefits of exercise training programs for hemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Endurance exercise training. An effective therapeutic modality for hemodialysis patients. 388 73

The authors assessed the prevalence and demography of depressive symptoms, their association with specific chronic diseases, and their influence on health service use in a large sample of elderly men seen in a primary care setting. Twenty-four percent of respondents reported clinically significant depressive symptoms; the prevalence of major depressive disorders was estimated at 10%, but only 1% reported receiving mental health treatment by a specialist. Self-reported marital separation or divorce and physical disability affecting employment were strongly associated with high depression scores, whereas the normative stresses of aging (widowhood, retirement, social isolation) were not. Only chronic lung disease was differentially associated with high depression scores, and this effect was weak. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the design of comprehensive health services for the elderly with chronic disease.
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PMID:Symptomatic depression in elderly medical outpatients. I. Prevalence, demography, and health service utilization. 395 8

Briquet's syndrome, originally described more than 100 years ago, has recently become a subject of concern for physicians who work with adolescents. It is a chronic disorder that primarily affects women, is characterized by many symptoms involving a number of organ systems, and usually has a frustrating clinical course. It typically begins in the second or third decades, and only rarely subsides with time. Multiple diagnostic procedures, medications, and surgical operations are common, usually without evidence of significant disease. Complications can include substance abuse, depression, and suicide. Management centers upon viewing the symptoms as the patient's attempts to communicate difficulties in coping with stress.
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PMID:Briquet's syndrome in adolescence. 402 82

One hundred and three patients referred to a neurological outpatient clinic were examined to assess the relationship between persistent headache, not due to significant physical illness, and emotional disturbance. Overall, the patients showed slightly more evidence of emotional disturbance than a general practice population but less than psychiatric outpatients. Thus, with cut-off points of 4/5 and 9/10 on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 28) the whole group had 52% or 20% of psychiatric 'cases' respectively. On the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index the 70 females had mean total scores of 37.19 +/- 11.11 and the 33 males had scores of 31.79 +/- 11.36. In addition the childhood experiences measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument appeared to be normal. Seven patients had significant depressive illness, according to the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire. Statistically significant differences in psychological state did not emerge between the diagnoses of cluster headache, classical migraine, common migraine, tension headache or combined headache. However, negative correlations were found between the duration of illness and measures of anxiety. It is concluded that although the emotional state contributes to the development of pain and headache in some patients, there are others in whom comparable headaches are unlikely to be due to emotional factors. Selection effects are held to be important and some of the emotional changes will vary at different phases of a chronic disorder. A new symptom may initially cause anxiety but when a condition persists some patients will be increasingly concerned or depressed whilst others develop tolerance for the situation.
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PMID:Psychological normality and abnormality in persistent headache patients. 405 27

Rheumatoid arthritis takes an economic toll in a variety of ways--the actual costs of treatment for the individual patient and society are only a fraction thereof. Other costs derive from the legal definition of disability, from a lack of employment opportunities, from premature retirement from work, and from the social and familial consequences of these events. Depression is a major feature of chronic disease and colors both behavior by the patient and the doctor-patient relationship. Self-image suffers in this potentially deforming disease, with consequences in sexual and social behavior. Ignorance and a confusion between disability and handicap lead to more disablement than do the physical changes of rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Social, economic, psychologic, and sexual outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. 666 Feb 38

In four studies psychological and psychophysiological correlations to anesthesiologically important factors were investigated. The most important preoperative emotions are anxiety, depression and asthenia. These emotions are part of the preoperative stress response. It was investigated which factors are correlated to these emotions and how these emotions correlate to physiological parameters, important in anesthesia. Sex, age, the quality of former experience of anesthesia and suffering of a chronic disease influence the degree of preoperative emotional stress. Cancer or the suspect of cancer increase preoperative anxiety. The preoperative psychological state correlates to blood pressure, heart rate and P-cortisol as well as to complications in anesthesia. There are two psychophysiological risk groups: Patients in a bad psychological state and patients in a good psychological state. Patients in the mean group have the best prognosis. Differences depending on the emotions anxiety depression and asthenia are described and discussed.
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PMID:[The preoperative mental state]. 671 9


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