Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the major component of the ventral striatum that regulates stress-induced depression. The NAc receives dopaminergic inputs from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the role of VTA-NAc neurons in stress response has been recently characterized. The NAc also receives glutamatergic inputs from various forebrain structures including the prelimbic cortex (PL), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral hippocampus (vHIP), whereas the role of those glutamatergic afferents in stress response remains underscored. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which descending glutamatergic neurons activated by stress in the PL, BLA, and vHIP project to the NAc. To specifically label the input neurons into the NAc, fluorescent-tagged cholera toxin subunit B (CTB), which can be used as a retrograde neuronal tracer, was injected into the NAc. After two weeks, the mice were placed under restraint for 1 h. Subsequent histological analyses indicated that CTB-positive cells were detected in 170~680 cells/mm2 in the PL, BLA, and vHIP, and those CTB-positive cells were mostly glutamatergic. In the PL, BLA, and vHIP regions analyzed, stress-induced c-Fos expression was found in 20~100 cells/mm2. Among the CTB-positive cells, 2.6% in the PL, 4.2% in the BLA, and 1.1% in the vHIP were co-labeled by c-Fos, whereas among c-Fos-positive cells, 7.7% in the PL, 19.8% in the BLA, and 8.5% in the vHIP were co-labeled with CTB. These results suggest that the NAc receives a significant but differing proportion of glutamatergic inputs from the PL, BLA, and vHIP in stress response.
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PMID:A Group of Descending Glutamatergic Neurons Activated by Stress in Corticolimbic Regions Project to the Nucleus Accumbens. 3042 48

Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, an economically important disease of commercial and backyard poultry. Turkeys are particularly susceptible to fowl cholera; both backyard and commercial turkeys can succumb to disease. On April 10, 2018, a dead 9-mo-old male Bronze turkey was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)-Turlock branch for postmortem examination. History included previous housing and fighting with another male turkey, after which separation by a fence was instituted. Fighting continued, and depression and anorexia of 2 d duration was followed by acute collapse and death. At autopsy, blood clots markedly expanded the pericardium, and a tear was visible in the left ventricular free wall. Vegetative aortic valvular lesions were observed. Microscopically, infarcts were observed in kidney, liver, heart, spleen, and pancreas, with large numbers of gram-negative bacterial colonies present in most organs. P. multocida was isolated from multiple organs, and identified as serotype 2,5 and fingerprint 1604. Septic embolization from the vegetative valvular aortic lesions likely led to infarcts in multiple organs, including the left ventricular free wall, which ultimately caused weakening of the ventricular wall, ventricular rupture, and exsanguination into the pericardial space. Rupture of the left ventricular free wall has not been previously documented in turkeys with P. multocida infection, to our knowledge, and demonstrates an atypical presentation of fowl cholera in this backyard turkey.
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PMID:Fowl cholera and acute heart rupture in a backyard turkey. 3063 39


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