Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronological trend of urinary steroid excretions in Japanese women was investigated during the period of June 1972 to August 1986 using healthy women of urban and rural origins, patients with breast cancer and patients with either cervical cancer or endometrial cancer. The excretions of 14 neutral steroids were estimated by gas liquid chromatography, and the obtained data were tentatively correlated with the epidemiological backgrounds. In the course of the chronological transition from the 1st stage (1972-1974) to the 2nd stage (1975-79), the urinary steroid pattern of Japanese women with and without cancer experienced a common change to produce specific deviations that were in agreement with the hormonal characteristics of a pill user or of an endometrial cancer patient. At the 3rd stage (1980-86), patients with either cervical cancer or endometrial cancer were distinguished from 1st stage controls by non-specific depression of all androgens, progestins and corticosteroids in urine. Throughout the whole period, both the risk for cervical cancer and the reproductive activity (birth rate) were found to decrease continuously in Japanese women. Evidence was presented to suggest that the above deterioration of the hormonal environment in Japanese women could be related to the stress of modern life rather than to defects in the diet. On the basis of the above findings, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stages of our investigation were tentatively termed the pro-cervical cancer age, the pro-endometrial cancer age and the pro-hypogonadism age. The relation between the chronological change of urinary steroids and that of the epidemiological background was analyzed from the view point of population ecology.
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PMID:Interrelation between Western type cancers and non-Western type cancers as regards their risk variation in time and space. IV. Hormonal transition of Japanese women from the pro-cervical cancer age through the pro-endometrial cancer age to the pro-hypogonadism age. 162 26

Survival in patients with advanced cervical cancer (stage III B) treated by radical radiotherapy is low. In this study we attempted to assess the efficacy of the cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)-ifosfamide combination as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced cervical cancer. The treatment schedule was: 20 mg/m2 CDDP on days 1-5; 1.5 g/m2 ifosfamide on days 1-5; and 900 mg/m2 mesna on days 1-5. Courses were given every 28 days. Radiotherapy was given 15 days after the completion of chemotherapy. A total of 26 patients were entered in this trial. Of the 24 patients evaluable for response, 15 (62.5%) achieved at least a 50% reduction in tumor volume, 6 (25%) showed stable disease, and three (12.5%) had progressive disease. At 38 months (mean follow-up) after completion of radiotherapy, 13 of the 24 (54%) evaluable patients were disease-free; 73% of the patients responding to chemotherapy vs 22% of the nonresponders remained free of disease (Fisher's exact test: P less than 0.02). Major hematologic depression occurred in 2 of the 26 patients evaluable for toxicity. No CNS toxicity was detected. These results are superior to those obtained by radical radiotherapy alone. Future treatment should be directed toward improving response rates as the best way of increasing both local and distant long-term disease control in these patients.
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PMID:Cisplatin-ifosfamide as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIIB cervical uterine squamous-cell carcinoma. 234 47

The cellular immune response of 58 patients affected by cervical cancer was evaluated with the aim of investigating abnormalities in T-cell populations. Subjects were divided into three groups: severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, microinvasive carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. T cells were assessed by a spontaneous rosette formation test with sheep red blood cells and by reactivity with specific monoclonal antibodies of OKT series (OKT4 and OKT8 positive lymphocytes). A significant T-cell depression was observed in all patient groups; the lowest T-cell level was observed in group (b), which revealed an inverted OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio too. The results support the hypothesis that cell-mediated immunity is a key factor in premalignant status and in the early development of cervical cancer.
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PMID:Immunological abnormalities in patients with cervical carcinoma. 373 19

Assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic procedures has been made independent of the diagnostic criteria used by means of Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis. A ROC curve describes the mutual relationship between the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic decision on the basis of various diagnostic criteria. The construction of such ROC curves is made possible if diagnoses are graded into levels of certainty. The curve enables the choice of an operating point with predetermined sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis decision. The population-based breast-cancer and cervical cancer screening projects carried out in Utrecht demonstrated an excellent fit between actual data and the calculated ROC curves. Analysis of the accuracy or performance of cytological diagnosis uncovered a problem arising from the similarly graded histopathological reference criteria used to determine the 'truth' of the cytological diagnosis decisions. The proposed solution is a serial calculation of ROC curves, one for each level differentiating between the histopathological categories. The ensuing three-dimensional ROC hill may reveal a summit marking numerically advantageous diagnosis criterion levels for both the test and the disease to be detected, or a depression signalling locally below-standard detection performance.
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PMID:Diagnosis analysis in breast cancer and cervical cancer screening. 402 27

The generation of cytotoxic T cells specific for subtle alterations in autologous cell surfaces accompanied by malignant change is an important effector mechanism in tumor immunity. In 58 patients with cervical cancer, proliferative and cytotoxic responses of T cells were tested after in vitro priming and boosting with trinitrophenyl-modified autologous cells (TNP-self) as a model of tumor cells. The activity of Con A-induced suppressor T cells was also examined in those responses to TNP-self. The results were as follows: 1) Proliferative and cytotoxic responses of T cells significantly decreased in stage II and III. 2) The activity of Con A-induced suppressor T (Ts) cells tended to increase in the advanced stage. 3) Those abnormalities gradually improved after surgical removal of tumor. 4) The generation of TNP-self-specific cytotoxic T (Tc) cells depends on proliferative response, therefore, TNP-self-specific proliferative T cells are presumably helper T (Th) cells. These findings suggest that activated Ts cells may undermine effective Th function, with resulting the depression of Tc function as a tumoricidal immune effector mechanism, and enhance tumor growth.
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PMID:[Cellular immunity and its suppressor mechanisms in cervical cancer]. 621 63

This article reviews progress in the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception (OC) Study, an ongoing cohort survey of the effects of OCs on the health of users. since the study was launched in 1968, 1400 general practitioners in the UK have recruited 23,000 OC users and 23,000 matched controls who have never used OCs. At present, 19,000 women remain under observation. 36% of study subjects who discontinued OC use cited intercurrent morbidity, chiefly psychological depression, as the reason. Neurotic depression is associated with the estrogen content of combined OCs, but the risk is small and there is no excess risk associated with estrogen doses of 35 mcg or less. Although OC use is linked with gallbladder disease in women susceptible to this disease, there are no more cases reported in OC users than in nonusers. Also observed has been a strong interrelationship between the progestogen dose of OCs, the lowering of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and the rate of arterial disease. Duration of use does not seem to influence the incidence of arterial disease; cigarette smoking among OC users is the major associated risk factor. The risk of dying from an arterial disease is greater for an OC user with the disease than a nonuser with the disease. The increased risk of death from a circulatory disease associated with OC use is further significantly linked to the parity of the affected woman. The data suggest that nonsmokers ca safely use low progestogen dose OCs up to age 45 years. Although study data suggest a 3-fold increased risk of breast cancer in OC users ages 30-35 years, these results are attributed to chance. Evidence of an association between OC use and cervical cancer is stronger, but it is unlikely that more than 1 in 3000 users/year would be affected. There is increasing recognition that most women receive a higher steroid dose than they need. Development of a simple test capable of determining steroid absorption and metabolism would facilitate individualized dose adjustments.
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PMID:The Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study: some recent observations. 650 58

There are currently numerous well-woman clinics in Britain which emphasize a specific aspect of health care, including cervical cancer screening (134 centers), family planning (142 centers), antenatal care (162 clinics), and venereal disease control (15 clinics). However, care provided in these clinics is fragmentary and excludes certain population groups from coverage. For example, cervical cancer smears are largely sought by upper class women under age 35, although this cancer has a higher incidence among older women from the lower social classes. Similarly, family planning clinics are not attracting women at highest risk of repeat abortion. Antenatal clinics, although effective in reducing perinatal and maternal mortality, exclude women beyond the childbearing years. At present, there are less than 10 comprehensive well-woman clinics in Britain. However, an estimated 17 million women could benefit from such a service, especially if cervical cytology screening was absorbed within it. A comprehensive clinic could focus on medical problems common to women, including menopause, frigidity, child abuse, obesity, thyroid disease, and depression. Omissions created by fragmented care, such as failure to test for conditions like anemia, could be avoided. The Manchester well-woman clinic, set up in 1981, provides an example of the role such clinics could play. The clinic is targeted at women who rarely see a general practitioner, e.g., poor, infertile, older women. Its emphasis is on the prevention and early detection of disease. Treatment is limited to self-help support groups and discussions with staff; however, new attendees are screened by a physician and nurse. 99% of attendees were found to have at least 1 medical problem. 2/3 of these problems, including breast problems, vaginal discharge, menopause problems, depression, and headache, were not already being treated. This experience suggests that there is an untapped need for such a facility, especially among women between menopause and old age.
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PMID:Evaluating well-woman clinics. 688 41

Monocytes have been thought to play an important role in the immune surveillance system of cancer patients since monocytes were shown to participate as accessory cells in the induction of T-cell proliferation to PHA by Potter et al. in 1977. We had already reported the depression of monocyte function with the progress of cancer after PHA response of mononuclear cells obtained by centrifugation of Ficoll-Hypaque and lymphocytes obtained by depletion of monocytes ingesting Silica from mononuclear cells was compared in cancer patients. In that study, however, monocyte function was considered not to be indicated truly because responding cells were different at each examination. Therefore, in this study responding cells were graded as T-cells obtained from healthy volunteers and monocytes were added to the T-cells. Monocyte function in this study was as follows: PHA response to T-cells and monocytes over PHA response to T-cells. In this study, monocytes were allogenic to T-cells. At first, the influence of monocytes to allogenic T-cells was studied but it was found to be negligible. The ratio of monocytes and T-cells was 1:1. The concentration of PHA was 20 micrograms/ml. Finally, the monocyte function of patients with cervical cancer was studied. It was increased at the stage of CIS and then gradually decreased. At the advanced stage, it was significantly decreased to comparison with that of healthy volunteers.
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PMID:[Study of monocyte function in patients with cervical cancer by using T-lymphocyte monocyte interaction in response to phytohemagglutinin (author's transl)]. 697 46

A patient with painful bilateral metastatic lumbosacral plexopathy from cervical cancer was treated with levorphanol tartrate (Levo-Dromoran), 4 mg orally every 4 hours, with poor pain relief. A lumbar subarachnoid catheter was then placed percutaneously. A bolus of 1 mg of morphine gave complete pain relief for 17 hours. Over the next week, the dose requirement increased to 10 mg/day, infused by an external pump. A permanently implantable infusion pump with a 50-cc drug chamber and flow rate of 3.4 cc/day was placed in the abdomen and attached to the lumbar subarachnoid catheter. The pump was refilled by percutaneous injection. Morphine was infused continuously at 15 mg/day, affording the patient increased mobility and no pain for 7 days. When the pain returned, the morphine dose was increased to 17.5 mg/day, and the patient was allowed to take oral Levo-Dromoran for pain. The intrathecal morphine dose was constant within 2-week periods, but was increased from 17.5 to 96 mg/day because of inadequate pain relief. Oral Levo-Dromoran intake averaged 3.4 mg/day. Levo-Dromoran intake was less during the 1st week of each 2-week cycle than the last week (mean 15.0 versus 38.0 mg/wk, p less than 0.05). No sedation or respiratory depression was seen.
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PMID:Benefit from and tolerance to continuous intrathecal infusion of morphine for intractable cancer pain. 709 32

The circulating lymphocytes of patients treated for cervical cancer were examined by four independent manners: by evaluation of T-cell proportion in peripheral blood, proliferative response upon PHA stimulation, PHA-induced leukocyte migration inhibition, and by concomitant chromosome aberration frequency. The immediate and longer-term effects of pelvic irradiation on T lymphocytes were investigated in 19 patients prior to, during, and immediately after radiotherapy, and then at subsequent intervals of two, three and five months. Radiotherapy caused profound depression of already diminished T-cell number and their proliferative response; both parameters gradually recovered during post-treatment period, and achieved their pretreatment values at the end of follow-up. The leukocyte migration inhibition was much less affected; it slightly deteriorated in the middle of post-treatment period, but reached the pretreatment level at the end of monitoring. The chromosome aberration frequency increased during irradiation in dose-dependent manner; it decreased gradually thereafter, but remained high during follow-up. Their elimination rate correlated with the recovery of T-cell number and proliferative response. However, at the end of monitoring, when all immunological parameters were completely recovered from harmful effect of irradiation, the percentage of chromosome aberrations remained high (12.5%), although significantly lower than the post-treatment one.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive and cytogenetic effects of pelvic irradiation on the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with cervical cancer. One year follow-up. 750 37


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