Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) followed by release of the occlusive clamps produces circulatory shock characterized by an abrupt hypotension, cardiac depression and high lethality. We studied the effects of the thromboxane receptor antagonist, BM-13505, in rats during SAO shock. Anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries for 40 minutes developed a severe shock state following reperfusion, usually resulting in death within 90-120 minutes of release of the occlusion. BM-13505 was started at reperfusion for 10 minutes. SAO shock rats treated with BM-13505 (1 mg/kg) maintained post-reperfusion mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values compared to those receiving only the vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Treatment with BM-13505 attenuated the plasma activity of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (p less than 0.05 from vehicle) and the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (p less than 0.01 from vehicle). Furthermore, the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor was significantly lower in BM-13505 treated rats than in non-treated rats (p less than 0.01 from vehicle). SAO shock rats treated with BM-13505 also exhibited a higher survival rate than the vehicle group (75% vs. 20%). These results suggest an important role of thromboxane A2 in the pathophysiology of SAO shock.
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PMID:Protective effects of thromboxane receptor blockade in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. 341 44

A patient seen at presentation for Hodgkin's disease (HD) at stage IV B was successfully treated with MOPP. In remission he developed coeliac disease, controlled by dietary measures, but 26 months after the end of chemotherapy a severe dyspeptic syndrome appeared; endoscopy and barium meal suggested the presence of a gastric tumour, which was surgically removed and showed the histological features of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lympho-histiocytic type. Only moderate chemotherapy was given after the operation and the patient obtained a new complete remission which has lasted 3 years so far. It is likely that the immune depression caused by HD itself and the relevant chemotherapy may have favoured the occurrence of both coeliac disease and subsequent gastric lymphoma.
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PMID:Gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. 375 40

Myocardial function during various forms of shock and its assessment remain the subjects of continuing controversy. Dogs were instrumented for the measurement of a lead II ECG, systemic arterial pressure, LV pressure, LVdP/dt, and LV anterior wall thickness. Afterload was varied with a snare occluder around the aorta. Contractility was assessed by the end-systolic pressure-wall thickness relationship. After taking control measurements, shock was induced by occluding the celiac and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries for 2 hr followed by reperfusion. The end-systolic pressure-wall thickness relationship was determined at 1 and 2 hr postocclusion and then at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postrelease and hourly thereafter. The slope of this relationship was either unchanged or increased (ie greater negative slope) during occlusion. Over the first hour of reperfusion of the splanchnic bed the slope averaged 204 +/- 17% of control, and it reached 221 +/- 41% of control by 3 hr postrelease. Myocardial depression was seen only as an agonal event (39 +/- 6% of control). Sham control dogs were stable over a 4 hr period following sham occlusion. Thus, myocardial contractility was increased during splanchnic artery occlusion shock except as a terminal event. Early depression of circulatory performance was a result of decreased venous return and not cardiac dysfunction.
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PMID:Increased inotropic state during splanchnic artery occlusion shock in the dog. 382 31

Differential absorption of D-xylose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, and unmediated intestinal permeation of lactulose and L-rhamnose has been investigated in 14 patients with diarrhoea following tropical exposure and in 16 healthy control subjects. Five had malabsorption of fat, D-xylose and B12 ('tropical malabsorption' (TM) group), and that was absent or minimal in the others ('tropical diarrhoea' (TD) group). After combined ingestion of the four test sugars in iso-osmolar solution a marked depression in plasma D-xylose concentration (with a slow rise) occurred in all of the TM group; the TD group did not differ significantly from the controls. In contrast, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose absorption was similar in all three groups. Urine analysis demonstrated that intestinal permeation of lactulose was increased and that of rhamnose decreased in the TM group compared with the controls. Ingestion as a hyperosmotic solution further enhanced abnormal lactulose permeation in the TM group. Although some of the TD group showed one or the other of these changes, discrimination of the TM group from the TD and control groups was improved when results were expressed as lactulose/rhamnose differential permeation ratios, especially when using a hyperosmotic stress. Similar abnormalities have previously been demonstrated in untreated gluten-induced enteropathy (coeliac disease). The magnitude of the absorption defects demonstrated in TM are more severe than would be anticipated from the jejunal mucosal abnormalities alone; this suggests that there is probably significant pathology in the distal small intestine (including the ileum) in TM.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption and unmediated permeation of sugars in post-infective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue). 394 90

An investigation into the incidence of neurological disorder in 30 patients with adult coeliac disease has shown that three patients had severe depression, two had epileptiform convulsions, and one patient only had signs of involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Motor nerve conduction velocity was low in only one patient. When the nerve conduction velocities of the group on a gluten-free diet were compared with the group who were not on a gluten-free diet, there was no statistically significant difference. Similarly, nerve conduction velocities in patients with a low serum pyridoxal level were not significantly different from those with normal serum pyridoxal levels. Measurements of the serum level of pyridoxal in 30 patients confirmed that pyridoxine deficiency occurs in adult coeliac disease and that the restriction of gluten from the diet appeared to affect pyridoxal levels favourably.
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PMID:Neurological disorders and adult coeliac disease. 431 28

THE TOXICITY OF THREE FRACTIONS (A, B, AND C) OBTAINED BY ULTRAFILTRATION OF A PEPTIC: tryptic digest of gluten has been assessed by serial feeding experiments in patients with treated coeliac disease. The first fraction (A), which contains amino acids and oligopeptides, produced no damage to the jejunal mucosa. The other two fractions (B and C) both caused mucosal damage. Fraction B, which contains the products of digestion of smaller molecular weight, consists of polypeptides which are concentrated in the region of 8000 molecular weight. It contains no gliadin (molecular weight 50 000) or gluten. Ultrastructural evidence of damage was visible six hours after challenge with fraction B and by 10 hours histological abnormalities were also present. Ultrastructural abnormalities occurred early in the epithelial cells and preceded changes in the basement membrane and capillaries. The disaccharidases showed a pronounced depression in all three subjects by 24 hours. The rapid onset of damage after challenge, coupled with the evidence of recovery as soon as 72 hours later, is more in keeping with a direct action on the surface epithelial cells rather than an immune mechanism.
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PMID:Identifying toxic fractions of wheat gluten and their effect on the jejunal mucosa in coeliac disease. 444 8

Six patients with hyperphagia (ingestion of 5-11 000 Kcals/day) associated with severe malabsorption and steatorrhoea are described. The cause of the malabsorption was coeliac disease in three patients, Crohn's disease with ileal resection in two, and carcinoma of the pancreas in one patient. There was no evidence of neurological or endocrine disease (apart from mild diabetes mellitus in the patient with carcinoma of the pancreas) but three patients suffered from severe depression. This association may be commoner than previously realized and be revealed in patients with steatorrhoea of unexplained severity by careful dietary assessment. Its detection has therapeutic implications since restriction of caloric and fat intake decreased steatorrhoea without weight loss in several of the patients described.
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PMID:Hyperphagia in intestinal disease. 453 69

Untreated adult coeliac patients have previously been shown to have a high frequency of depressive symptoms as reported in a personality inventory (the MMPI). In the present study we determined the concentrations of three major monoamine metabolites in samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of ten consecutive adults with newly detected coeliac disease. They showed significant reduction in levels of 5-HIAA (70.3 +/- 25.4 pmol/ml). HVA (128.2 +/- 58.3 pmol/ml), and MOPEG (27.7 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml), indicating reduced central metabolism in all three monoamine pathways. The concentrations, in particular that of MOPEG, were inversely correlated with depressive symptoms reported on the MMPI scale 2 ('depression'), which conforms with current concepts on the pathogenesis of depression.
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PMID:Psychic disturbances in adult coeliac disease. III. Reduced central monoamine metabolism and signs of depression. 618 5

Adults with intestinal malabsorption due to celiac disease show reduced central serotonin metabolism, probably induced by a lack of essential dietary factors. Investigating a role proposed for vitamin B6 deficiency, a regular finding in untreated celiacs, the present study yields no support for the hypothesis that direct inhibition at the decarboxylation step by vitamin B6 deficiency accounts for low central serotonin turnover in adult celiacs: 11 untreated patients showing reduced 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid (71+/- 26.8 pmol/ml) had a significantly higher concentration of the metabolically active B6 vitamer pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (0.06 +/- 0.34 ng/ml) than controls (0.24 +/- 0.07 ng/ml) (p less than 0.01). Cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan, precursor of serotonin, was normal (2035 %/- 649 pmol/ml). Raised pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the cerebrospinal fluid in untreated celiac disease is an unexpected finding. Possibly it is secondary to the diminished central monamine metabolism in these patients, but further studies are needed bearing in mind that mental depression is a major cause for disability in adult celiac disease.
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PMID:High level of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the cerebrospinal fluid of adult celiac patients. 618 88

Signs of mental depression are typical in adults presenting with coeliac disease. The response to treatment was evaluated in 12 consecutive patients by means of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), with surgical patients serving as controls. The coeliacs reported no change in depressive symptoms after 1 year's gluten withdrawal despite evidence of improvement in the small intestine. When retested after 3 years, however, after 6 months of 80 mg/day of oral pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy, they showed a fall in the score of scale 2 ('depression') from 70 to 56 (p less than 0.01), which became normalized like other pretreatment abnormalities in the MMPI. Cholecystectomy in the control subjects produced no alterations in the MMPI profile. The results indicate a causal relationship between adult coeliac disease and concomitant depressive symptoms which seems to implicate metabolic effects from pyridoxine deficiency influencing central mechanisms regulating mood.
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PMID:Reversal of psychopathology in adult coeliac disease with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). 636 11


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