Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complaints of sleep disturbance increase with age. Objective sleep assessments using polysomnography reveal sleep impairments (increased wakefulness and arousal from sleep; decreased slow wave sleep) even in healthy seniors. Both polysomnographic sleep and subjective sleep worsen in the presence of health impairments related to drug use, pain, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, or other emotional disorders. In addition to normal aging and chronic disease, sleep complaints can also result from poor sleep habits, specific occult disorders during sleep, or some combination of these factors. Occult disorders include sleep apnea syndrome, periodic leg movements, and restless legs syndrome during sleep. Diagnosis and treatment of these and other sleep disorders is discussed. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are considered, with an emphasis on behavioral and educative treatment approaches.
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PMID:Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults. 779 28

The topic relative to the differential psychobiological mechanisms between cancer and coronary illness has been showing for the last years. In this sense, some theoretical models which have been formulated by relevant authors have suggested the possibility of differentiating cancer and cardiovascular disease, both the onset and the progression, from coping strategies, personality variables and affective states, as well as the different categories of psychosocial stress. Likewise, the implication of psychological distress, such as anxiety, anger and depression for the occurrence of somatic disease has been reported frequently. This research was designed to analyze the psychosocial patterns which could explain the incidence of heart disease, cancer and anxiety based disorders. Measures of life events and stress reactivity were obtained from a total of 109 patients diagnosed as having breast cancer (37), infarct (37), and anxiety (35), and from 72 normal control subjects. Our data tend to show that the cancer group was strongly predicted by lost and illness events, while the coronary group was more associated with work events. The anxiety disorders group lacked a life events dimension, but shared the same category of the infarct group. We also found a strong relationship between depressive reactions and cancer in contrast to the anxiety-anger variable that was more relevant in the infarct patients. The interaction between internal and external stress factors in the etiology of disease is also discussed.
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PMID:Life events and stress reactivity as predictors of cancer, coronary heart disease and anxiety disorders. 784 64

Exercise stress test is useful for the early detection of coronary artery disease and is recommended as a medical clearance test before the initiation of exercise training. However, when applied to apparently healthy people, there are many false positive results. It is therefore necessary to determine indications for stress testing, but few data are available in Japan. In this study, we performed exercise stress test in apparently healthy men to investigate the incidence of exercise-induced ST segment changes and their relationship to coronary risk factors. The subjects were 2,187 men who underwent symptom-limited exercise stress test at a health-promotion center in Tokyo. Those with a history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. They underwent symptom-limited exercise stress test on a treadmill with a modified Bruce protocol or on a cycle ergometer with a ramp protocol (20 watts per minute). Twelve-lead electrocardiogram was recorded every 3 min. Cardiologists evaluated the exercise ECG responses, and advised those with abnormal ST segment changes (Group A) to undergo further examinations at a cardiovascular hospital. The results of further examination such as exercise scintigraphy and/or coronary angiography were obtained. Twice the number of subjects with normal exercise responses were selected as age-matched controls (Group N) to compare the coronary risk factors between the two groups. Twenty-nine subjects had abnormal ST segment changes (1.33% of the total subjects) (Group A). Their mean age was 57 years (38 to 76). Among these, 27 had ST segment depression and 2 had ST elevation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Exercise-induced ST segment change and coronary risk factors in apparently healthy men]. 784 1

A comparative community-based study of quality of life (QOL) in the elderly was carried out between two Japanese rural towns, Kahoku and Yaku.QOL, which included the subjective sense of health, appetite, sleep at night, mood, memory, family relationships, friendship, economic condition, life satisfaction and happiness was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) as well a Geriatric depression Scale (GDS), a variety of neurobehavioral function tests, and a questionnaire about activity of daily living (ADL). Subjects were all the eligible elderly aged over 75 years in both communities. Inter-rater reproducibility in VSA was more reliable than that in GDS. Life satisfaction and a subjective sense of happiness highly correlated with mood, family relationships, friendship and economic condition. GDS and VAS significantly correlated with family relationships, active participation in a group and economic condition, however, they did not correlated with age. The subjective sense of happiness correlated with ADL and steadiness of walk as assessed by neurobehavioral function tests. Living style correlated with VAS in the male elderly, but not female. Each score in VAS for family relationships, friendship, economic condition, life satisfaction and subjective sense of happiness was significantly higher in the elderly in Yaku than in Kohoku. The diseases which elderly people wanted to avoid were dimentia cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular disease in that order. In conclusion, QOL in the elderly population was influenced by disease, neurobehavioral functions, especially walking function, gender difference, lifestyle as well as cultural environment.
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PMID:[Comparative study of quality of life in the elderly between in Kahoku and in Yaku]. 785 44

The JCR:LA-corpulent rat is a useful experimental model for the obese-diabetic-dyslipidemic syndrome that mimics the human condition and exhibits spontaneous development of atherosclerosis and myocardial lesions. A 30-day treatment of 6-month-old rats with dexfenfluramine 1, 2.5, and 5 mg per kilogram decreased body weight through loss of adipose tissue mass. The effect is caused primarily by the ability of dexfenfluramine to reduce food intake. The maximum depression of food intake and greatest weight loss is seen during the first 10 days of treatment in this experimental model; thereafter, body weight stabilizes. However, during this period, there is a marked decrease in serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin. Corpulent male rats were also treated from 6 to 37 weeks of age with dexfenfluramine 2.5 mg/kg. This also produces a sustained decrease in body weight and a decrease in circulating insulin concentrations. Preliminary evidence demonstrates a substantial decrease in the incidence of necrotic myocardial lesions produced by ischemic events. This study establishes that dexfenfluramine treatment can decrease the severity of associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease, namely obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemias. Furthermore, we report the first evidence that long-term treatment with dexfenfluramine can largely prevent the occurrence of myocardial lesions and end-stage cardiovascular disease in this animal model prone to atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Metabolic abnormalities linked to obesity: effects of dexfenfluramine in the corpulent rat. 786 33

Forty care-takers providing in-home care of elderly CVD patients were assessed with Zung's depression test and the following results were obtained. 1. Most of the care-takers were female with a mean age of 56 years (41 to 81 years). 2. Scores on Zung's test were higher, but non-significantly, for the care-takers providing longer care compared to those with shorter experience. 3. Higher scores on Zung's test were related to care-takers' perceived burden in managing patient excretory discharges and with being unemployed.
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PMID:[Depressive symptoms of the care-takers of non-institutionalised bedridden cerebrovascular patients]. 794 93

The incidence of mortality from cardiovascular disease is higher in diabetic patients. The objective of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that the diabetes-induced depression in cardiac function may be due to hypertriglyceridemia. Hyperlipidemia and a depressed left ventricular developed pressure and rate of increase and decrease of ventricular pressure (+/- dP/dt) were produced in isolated hearts from rats made diabetic with streptozotocin compared with hearts from control animals. This depressed cardiac performance was successfully prevented by hydralazine treatment (for 3 weeks), which also lowered plasma triglyceride levels and suggested that hyperlipidemia may be important in altering cardiac function in experimental diabetic rats. The beneficial effects of clofibrate, verapamil, prazosin, enalapril, and benazepril administration were then studied in diabetic rats. The treatments (with the exception of enalapril) significantly reduced plasma triglyceride levels but did not prevent the onset of heart dysfunction in chronically diabetic rats. These studies suggest that in the chronically diabetic rat, hypertriglyceridemia may not be as important as previously suggested, in the development of cardiac dysfunction. Since acute dichloroacetate perfusion improves cardiac function in 6 week (but not 24 week) diabetic rats, it appears more likely that improving myocardial glycose utilization is more critical than triglyceride lowering, in preventing cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic rat at this time point.
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PMID:Hypertriglyceridemia in experimental diabetes: relationship to cardiac dysfunction. 795 71

Trazodone is a triazolopyridine derivative, chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to other currently available antidepressants. It possesses antidepressant, and also some anxiolytic and hypnotic activity. Results from a small number of short term (4 to 6 weeks) comparative studies in a total of 320 evaluable elderly patients with major depression, suggest that trazodone at therapeutic doses is superior to placebo and as effective as amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine and mianserin in relieving depressive symptoms. Trazodone has also been successfully used in a small number of patients with depression and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. More recently, trazodone has been used as a hypnotic for psychotropic-induced or other insomnias with some success. However, further clinical experience is needed to confirm these preliminary results. In the elderly, maximum tolerated doses of trazodone are 300 to 400 mg/day, although higher doses of up to 600 mg/day are tolerated by younger patients. Drowsiness is commonly reported, but the incidences of both anticholinergic and cardiovascular effects were notably lower in elderly patients treated with trazodone compared with older tricyclic antidepressants. However, undesirable effects such as orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias and priapism need to be closely monitored. In comparison with other currently available agents, particularly the tricyclic antidepressants, trazodone is relatively safe in overdose. In terms of therapeutic efficacy, trazodone appears to confer little advantage over other available antidepressants. While limited data suggest that trazodone may be better tolerated than older tricyclic antidepressants, especially in the elderly, there is a paucity of data at present comparing trazodone with the secondary amine tricyclic agents, serotonin reuptake inhibitors or moclobemide. Bearing this in mind, trazodone may be of use in elderly patients in whom anxiety and insomnia are problematic, and in those patients who are unresponsive to or cannot tolerate therapy with other agents. Studies are also required to define the place of trazodone in long term prophylactic therapy for recurrent depression. Future trials comparing both its efficacy and tolerability with those of newer agents will ascertain whether trazodone becomes a first line agent within these subsets of elderly patients.
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PMID:Trazodone. A review of its pharmacology, therapeutic use in depression and therapeutic potential in other disorders. 801 56

We first review the associations between depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Then we examine them in the nationally representative Mini-Finland Health Survey, which covers 8,000 persons. Chronic somatic diseases and mental disorders were diagnosed using standardized methods. Cross-sectionally, CVDs and neurotic depression were associated both before and after adjustment for covariates. The strongest associations were observed in the case of severe CVDs. During a 6.6 year follow-up, the risk of CVD death and coronary death was elevated in depressed persons both with and without CVDs at entry. Much of the cross-sectional association is probably due to depression caused by CVDs. The outcome of CVD may be poorer in depressed persons. The hypothesis that depression is a cause of CVDs requires further study.
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PMID:Depression and cardiovascular diseases. 805 72

To evaluate the clinical relevance of the experimental findings of a more severe cardiac depression in Pseudomonas (P.) than in non-P. sepsis, we retrospectively compared the hemodynamic data in 26 patients with P. sepsis (20 cases, single pathogen; six cases, more positive cultures with P. than with non-P. species), and 102 with non-P. sepsis. As in other studies, the left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) was used to assess cardiac performance. The two groups (all numbers are means) had a similar disease and sepsis severity profile (P. vs. non-P: septic shock, 81% vs. 87%; APACHE II scores, 29.1 vs. 29.2; Elebute sepsis scores, 18.1 vs. 18.1; mortality, 58% vs. 62%). Preload (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 15.0 vs. 16.3 mm Hg) and systemic vascular resistance (588 vs 572 dyn.cm-5.sec) were comparable. Cardiac performance displayed no significant difference (LVSWI, 42.8 vs. 38.3 g.m/m2), a result reproduced in the subgroups with culture-proven bacteremia, with or without preexisting cardiovascular disease or septic shock. Thus, our data suggest that there is no difference in the degree of cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with Pseudomonas compared to non-Pseudomonas sepsis of otherwise equivalent disease severity.
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PMID:Pseudomonas sepsis does not cause more severe cardiovascular dysfunction in patients than non-Pseudomonas sepsis. 805 63


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