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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An exercise program for menopausal women that includes both aerobic and resistance training may prevent or relieve problems such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and depression. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases in women after menopause; in both men and women, regular aerobic exercise may improve cardiorespiratory endurance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise also prevents some age-related increases in body fat and it elevates resting metabolic rate, which correlates directly with lean body mass. Inactivity, not hormonal change, is the most common cause of obesity. Resistance training can improve muscle strength and bone density. Increases in bone mineral content have been found at lumbar vertebral and distal radial sites in women who participate in exercise programs. Weight-bearing exercise in conjunction with estrogen replacement therapy and calcium supplementation helps to prevent osteoporosis. Many women experience mood changes at menopause. Some of these symptoms are caused by chronic sleep deprivation due to night flushes and respond best to estrogen; others are related to levels of brain chemicals and respond favorably to exercise.
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PMID:Exercise in the menopausal woman. 217 91

The relationship of major depression and cardiovascular disease has been the subject of much study. In this paper, the authors review the literature concerning the clinical importance of this relationship in four areas including the diagnosis and treatment of major depression in the setting of cardiovascular disease, the effect of concurrent major depression on the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, and the higher-than-expected rate of cardiovascular death in depressed patients. In addition, they present preliminary data which may suggest a mechanism to explain, in part, this increased rate of cardiovascular death in depression.
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PMID:Perspectives on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and affective disorder. 219 12

Labetalol, a drug with alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking effects, was used to attenuate hypertension and tachycardia associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a series of 11 elderly patients with refractory depression and cardiovascular disease in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study design. As compared with placebo, labetalol was found to blunt mean arterial pressure (MAP) increase by up to 8.26% (p less than .001), heart rate increased by up to 26.07% (p less than .001), frequency of atrial arrhythmias by up to 100% (p less than .01), and premature ventricular contractions by 41.97%. No untoward side effects were observed, and no effect on treatment outcome was noted. Labetalol appears to be an effective and safe agent to use in decreasing hypertension, tachycardia, and possibly arrhythmias in high-risk medical patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing ECT.
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PMID:Labetalol in the control of cardiovascular responses to electroconvulsive therapy in high-risk depressed medical patients. 189 92

A cooperative prospective study of consecutive cases of carbamazepine overdose was conducted to determine if serum levels were predictive of toxicity and if risk factors such as age, chronic exposure, or previous disorder or cardiovascular disease could be used as prognostic indicators. Seventy-three consecutive cases were collected from two regional certified poison control centers from January 1989 to August 1989. There were 25 exposures in children less than 6 yrs., 11 exposures in adolescents, and 37 exposures in adults. Ten adult cases and one adolescent case were excluded from the study due to the presence of coingestants or inadequate information. Peak measured serum levels ranged from 0.3 to 56 mcg/ml. Using the presence of coma, seizure activity or respiratory depression requiring mechanical ventilation as measures of toxicity, we found poor correlation between rising serum levels of carbamazepine and toxicity. Increased serum levels of carbamazepine did appear to correlate with increased hospital stay, but not with ICU stay. History of a seizure disorder appears to pose increased risk of a seizure in carbamazepine overdose. In this series chronic exposure to carbamazepine did not appear to increase the risk of coma or respiratory depression for a given toxic serum level and may add some protective effect. Serum levels below 40 mcg/ml do not appear to accurately predict the severity of toxicity. Cardiac conduction defects were rare (one child). Anticholinergic findings, as evidence by decreased bowel motility and sinus tachycardia were common. Previous cardiovascular disease and age did not appear to be important prognostic indicators.
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PMID:Carbamazepine overdose: a prospective study of serum levels and toxicity. 226 99

The relationship between degree of glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease has been studied in a cross-sectional population survey of 644 men born in 1913, randomly sampled and examined at the age of 67. The cohort was divided into different groups according to current diagnostic criteria for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. An almost 2-fold higher prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure was found in the group with impaired glucose tolerance compared to the group with a normal glucose tolerance. Fifty per cent of the men with impaired glucose tolerance were being treated with some drug for cardiovascular disease, usually diuretics for hypertension. Intermittent claudication showed a 2.5-fold higher prevalence among the diabetic patients. A computerized 12-lead exercise-ECG test, with a unique accuracy in measuring ST-segment changes, was performed in a subset of 135 men. This showed no association between ST-segment depression and different degrees of glucose tolerance, even when accounting for confounding factors such as treatment with beta-blocker agents or digoxin, pathological Q-waves, and differences in maximal heart rate.
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PMID:A cross-sectional analysis of glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease in 67-year-old men. 252 51

The oral contraceptive formulations in use today consist of three types. One type has a fixed dose of a combination of a synthetic estrogen and a synthetic progestin, the second has varying doses of each of these steroids, and the third consists of a fixed dose of a progestin without an estrogen. The estrogen in the older formulations contained mestranol, while all those developed since 1974 contain ethinyl estradiol. The estrogen is combined with varying dosages of nine different progestins to produce a wide variety of formulations. The major metabolic effects of the estrogen are an increase in hepatic production of globulins, some of which cause hypercoagulability, and an increase in blood pressure in certain users. By varying HDL-cholesterol, the estrogen has a beneficial effect upon lipids. Other estrogenic effects include fluid retention, depression, and breast tenderness. Most of the progestins have androgenic effects, being derived from 19-nortestosterone. These include peripheral insulin resistance, a lowering of HDL-cholesterol, nitrogen retention, and nervousness. Both the estrogen and progestins metabolic effects are dose-related and with the newer, low-dose formulations, the adverse metabolic and clinical effects are minimal. Thus the results of the epidemiologic studies performed 10 to 15 years ago, when women were using high-dose formulations, are not relevant to the oral contraceptive formulations in use today. Recent epidemiologic studies show that healthy, nonsmoking women using oral contraceptives do not have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The pharmacologic and metabolic effects of oral contraceptives. 257 52

While suicide is the most dramatic cause of premature death in depressed older persons, it is a rare event in old age. Most of the excess mortality associated with late-life depression is due to "natural causes," especially cardiovascular illness. In the past much of the premature death related to psychiatric disorders was the result of epidemics in large, overcrowded institutions, and even today institutional factors may account for some excess mortality. A recent prospective study comparing depressed patients with nondepressed controls found that neither the initial level of physical health nor social factors explained the excess mortality, but it suggested that some of the excess is due to physical causes not readily apparent or disabling. The effects of grief, tricyclic antidepressants, chronic dysphoria, smoking and alcohol abuse, and organic brain disease are considered. Evidence suggests a complex interaction between depression and physical illness (particularly cardiovascular disease) that develops throughout life. Pursuant to these findings, some questions for future research are offered.
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PMID:Nonsuicidal mortality in late-life depression. 260 89

The aim of this study was to predict cardiovascular complications in patients with prostatic cancer treated with oestrogen. A randomised prospective study of oestrogen therapy versus orchiectomy was performed. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular morbidity were excluded (16%). Prior to the initiation of therapy, patients were subjected to exercise stress tests, physiological evaluation of peripheral circulation, blood volume estimation, chest X-ray, blood test, including hormones, lipoproteins, and antithrombin III, and a physical examination and history by a cardiologist. The oestrogen treatment and the orchiectomy group did not differ with regard to these pretreatment variables; 25% of the patients given oestrogen therapy had cardiovascular complications during the initial treatment year compared with none in the orchiectomy group. Three statistical discriminating techniques were employed and they allowed us to identify 2 strong discriminating variables for cardiovascular complications if oestrogen therapy is instituted in patients with prostatic cancer but without overt clinical cardiovascular disease. These 2 discriminators were luteinising hormone (LH) and ST-segment depression during exercise. This means that a patient with ST-segment depression during an exercise test and/or a high luteinising hormone concentration should not be treated with oestrogen.
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PMID:Patients at high risk of cardiovascular complications in oestrogen treatment of prostatic cancer. 264 97

Bipolar illness is a serious heritable mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania. The mean age of onset is under 25 years of age, but the period of risk extends from prepuberty to senescence. Fifteen percent of persons with the disorder commit suicide. Bipolar disorder carries an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Bipolar disorder. 267 48

Long-term ECG recording on tape (LTER) was performed in 32 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Twenty-two of the patients recorded showed ST-segment changes during the per- and early post-operative period. ST-segment depression was the most common change seen in 17 patients; however, 12 patients showed ST-segment elevation. In only nine patients were the ST-segment changes seen to be associated with major changes in pulse or blood pressure. ST-segment changes were seen as frequently in patients with, as without, known cardiovascular disease. All patients had an uncomplicated postoperative course and no case of myocardial infarction was seen. ST-segment changes during elective surgery seem to be a common phenomenon. The etiology of the observed changes is not clear and its value in the detection of per- or postoperative myocardial ischemia needs to be further evaluated.
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PMID:Computerised evaluation of the electrocardiogram during and for a short period after gall bladder surgery. 280 Sep 89


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