Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of palmitic acid on skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from the hind limb muscle of cold and warm acclimated rats were studied. At higher concentrations of the fatty acid, a greater depression of both ADP/O and RCR (respiratory control ratio) was observed in the cold acclimated group. Initial ADP/O and RCC however, were higher in the cold acclimated group. The enhanced sensitivity of skeletal muscle mitochondria of the cold acclimated rat is discussed.
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PMID:The effects of palmitic acid on skeletal muscle mitochondria of cold and warm acclimated rats. 7 Oct 86

Chlorozotocin was given to 37 patients with advanced malignant tumors in a daily X 5 schedule at 6-week intervals. Total iv doses for each course ranged from 75 to 200 mg/m2. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, with a platelet count depression regularly observed at doses of greater or equal to 150 mg/m2; leukopenia occurred only at the highest dose level. Nausea and vomiting were mild and uncommon. No hyperglycemia or adverse drug-related effects on renal or hepatic function were observed. No major antitumor activity occurred; however, three patients with renal cell carcinoma and one patient each with lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and Hodgkin's disease had minor objective decreases in tumor size. A dose range of 150--200 mg/m2 iv for each 5-day course is recommended for phase II studies.
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PMID:Phase I trial of chlorozotocin. 15 63

A total of 12 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma received interferon alpha (3 million units intramuscularly 6 times weekly) and OK-432 (5 KE (Klinische Einheit) intramuscularly twice weekly). Metastatic lesions appeared before operation in six patients and after operation in six patients. Among them 5 patients had received interferon therapy and this combination therapy was started after the judgment of progressive disease for interferon therapy. Eleven pulmonary and 5 bone metastases were evaluable. The median duration of the combination therapy was 89.3 weeks. There were 4 partial responses and no complete responses among the 12 patients, giving a response rate of 33.3%. The median duration of response was 25 months, with a range of 6 to 54 months. Responses were seen predominantly in patients in whom metastases appeared after operation (3 of 4 responders). However, regarding the individual organs, two complete and 2 partial responses were observed among 11 pulmonary metastases and 2 partial responses among 5 bone metastases. The survival period after discovery of the metastasis was 10 to 67 months and the 5-year survival rate was 70.5%. Almost all patients had fever and induration at the injection site. Other side effects included leukopenia, anorexia, and depression. This combination therapy is thought to be effective against bone or other organs metastasis resistant to interferon alone.
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PMID:[Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with interferon alpha and OK-432 (streptococcal preparation)]. 148 85

The phenotypic distribution and immune reactivity of T lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of 50 patients with urological cancer were determined. Included were 36 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 7 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 7 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Thirty-eight age-matched patients with benign urological disease served as controls. A depression in immune competence was found in the group of male patients with infiltrating bladder cancer. In more than 50% of the patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma, the T helper (CD4) subset was reduced with a concomitant inversion in the CD4/CD8 ratio and impairment in the T cell function as determined by the ability to proliferate upon phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin stimulation. Patients with superficial bladder carcinoma, as well as those with renal cell carcinoma had an immune profile similar to that of the control group. The group of patients with prostatic carcinoma had higher mean CD4/CD8 ratios than the control group, resulting from decreased suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Our results have indicated that the characterization of T cell subset and lymphocyte activity correlated well with the histopathologic state of patients with bladder carcinoma. Thus, the determination of the CD4/CD8 ratio may prove a valuable method for monitoring patients with bladder carcinoma, in addition to serial urine cytology, random urothelial biopsies and flow cytometry.
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PMID:T lymphocyte subsets and function in the peripheral blood of patients with urological cancer. 157 45

Tumors are known to produce factors suppressing macrophage function. In this study we demonstrated in vitro suppression of macrophage chemiluminescent oxidative burst associated with viable cells and cell-free extracts of two urological neoplasms--murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) and murine bladder tumor (MBT). Suppression was reversed by extracts of two Chinese medicinal herbs, Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL). Murine macrophage cell line J774 was incubated with either the viable tumor cells or the cell-free tumor extract for 18 hours at 37C and 5% CO2. Chemiluminescent oxidative burst as an indicator of macrophage function was triggered by adding zymosan A suspension containing luminol and assayed in an automated luminometer. Photon emission over time was counted and the results were expressed as integrated photon emission. Significant dose-related depression of oxidative burst occurred with either the viable tumor cells or the cell-free tumor extracts. Depression was partially or completely reversed by the presence of 50-100 micrograms./ml. of either the AM or the LL extract. AM and LL have previously been shown to modulate immune response. Data from this study suggest that they may also exert their antitumor activity via abolition of tumor-associated macrophage suppression.
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PMID:Chinese medicinal herbs reverse macrophage suppression induced by urological tumors. 185 58

Four cell-mediated immunological responses related to tumor elimination have been examined in mice injected with a transplantable renal cell carcinoma (Renca). Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated in vitro from spleen cells of normal mice were capable of attacking Renca, EL-4, P815 and YAC-1 targets, but those from mice bearing Renca for 3 weeks could not. Natural killer activity, stimulated in vivo by administering poly(I) poly(C), was less than 50% of normal in Renca-bearing hosts. In addition, development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to allogeneic targets was markedly inhibited in mice possessing the renal tumor. Finally, the delayed hypersensitivity response to a dermally applied hapten was approximately 70% less than normal in tumor-bearing mice, no matter whether the tumor existed subcutaneously or intrarenally. A kinetic study of the development of non-responsiveness using the LAK assay showed onset of poor response at 1 week, which became maximal within 3 weeks following receipt of tumor subcutaneously. The immunological depression was seen to be attributable in part to suppressor cells present among spleen cells but not bone marrow cells of tumor-bearing hosts. The suppressor cells prevented in vitro LAK generation by normal spleen cells and, when adoptively transferred to normal mice, they inhibited natural killer stimulation and delayed hypersensitivity generation. Another source of immunological down-regulation was provided by Renca cells themselves. Incorporation of Renca cells that had been X-irradiated with 30,000 rad into cultures of normal and Renca-derived splenic cells suppressed replication of both almost completely. Furthermore, the presence of X-irradiated Renca cells in cultures of normal spleen cells prevented development of LAK cells. Thus, the suppression seen in Renca-bearing mice derives from multiple sources and whether each is in any way related to the other has been discussed. Identification of the phenotypes of cells responsible for the lymphoid cell-mediated suppression and examination of its elimination are communicated in the companion paper.
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PMID:Immunosuppression in murine renal cell carcinoma. I. Characterization of extent, severity and sources. 238 78

4 patients with solid genitourinary tumors and HIV1 infection have been treated in our institution over the last 2 years. Two patients had seminoma, 1 renal adenocarcinoma and 1 renal angiosarcoma. All had deeply impaired immunity with a low CD4 level. 3 had or developed a true AIDS syndrome according to the WHO and CDC criterias of 1988. The remaining patient was seropositive and died less than 3 months following the diagnosis of renal angiosarcoma. He is the first reported case of renal sarcoma in a patient infected with HIV1. 2 patients were homosexuals, and the 2 others were drug addicts. Along with other reported cases, our cases underline the association between the depression of immunity due to HIV and the onset of solid genitourinary tumors.
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PMID:Genitourinary tumors and HIV1 infection. 240 9

Preclinical data have demonstrated synergy between interleukin-2 (IL-2) and beta-interferon (IFN-beta) in stimulating natural-killer (NK) cell activity and in increasing expression of IL-2 receptors. Based on results of a phase I trial, a combination of IL-2 and IFN-beta was administered three times weekly by intravenous (IV) bolus injection with 5 x 10(6) Cetus U/m2 of IL-2 and 6 x 10(6) U/m2 of IFN-beta to 24 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Of 22 assessable patients there were six (27%) objective responses including one complete remission (CR) and five partial responses (PRs). There were three minor responses (MRs), 11 stable disease (SD), and two progressive disease (PD). Two of the objective responses have continued for almost 2 years. Response sites include lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Toxicities requiring dose reduction include arthralgia, weight loss, fatigue, decreased performance status, depression, and hypotension. Five of 10 patients who had a prior nephrectomy without local recurrence achieved an objective response as compared with only one of 12 without a prior nephrectomy or with a local recurrence (P = .04). Mean peak lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity of the objective responders was 88 lytic units (LU) as compared with 4 LU in the nonresponders (P = .01). Mean peak NK cell activity was 288 LU in the objective responders as compared with 100 LU in the nonresponders (P = .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma: treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 plus beta-interferon. 240 9

We have performed Phase I trials of two synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide complexes--poly(I,C)-LC, a complex of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose, and poly(I,C)-L, which lacks carboxymethylcellulose--in patients with advanced cancer. With poly(I,C)-LC, several treatment schedules were investigated in an attempt to decrease toxicity and maximize interferon (IFN) induction. The best tolerated was an alternate-day schedule, with gradual dose escalation. Daily short infusions and continuous (24-h) infusions were tolerated less well. Maximum tolerated doses varied over a several hundredfold dose range. Toxicity consisted of fever, rigors, hypotension, and blood count depression. Two patients treated with poly(I,C)-L developed systemic allergic reactions, and antibodies to poly(I,C)-L and its components were detected in the serum of some patients treated with both compounds. IFN-alpha was induced in most patients at serum levels similar to those achieved after intramuscular administration of human IFN-alpha. Of 32 patients, one with renal cell carcinoma showed partial tumor regression. Poly(I,C) complexes are effective IFN inducers in humans, but their toxicity limits their use in cancer patients.
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PMID:Phase I trials of poly(I,C) complexes in advanced cancer. 241 62

Four patients with solid genito-urinary tumors and HIV 1 infection have been treated in our institution over the last 2 years, including 2 with seminoma, 1 with renal adenocarcinoma and 1 with renal angiosarcoma. All had severely impaired immunity with a low CD4 level. Three had or developed a true AIDS syndrome according to the WHO and CDC criteria (1988). The remaining patient was seropositive and died less than 3 months following the diagnosis of renal angiosarcoma, he is the first reported case of renal sarcoma in a patient infected with HIV 1. Two patients were homosexuals and the other 2 were drug addicts. Along with other reported cases, our cases may underline the association between depression of immunity due to HIV and onset of solid genito-urinary tumors.
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PMID:[Urogenital tumors and HIV-1 infection]. 274 46


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