Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with stage II melanoma were vaccinated with vaccinia virus-induced melanoma cell lysates (VMCL). The vaccine contained viable vaccinia virus, membranous fragments and no intact nuclei. A number of antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies were detected in the vaccine including the ganglioside GD3 and DR antigens. Administration of the vaccine was associated with depression of natural killer cell activity against melanoma and K562 target cells in the first 3-6 months of treatment. Leucocyte dependent antibody (LDA) activity against melanoma cells was induced or increased in titre in approximately half of the patients studied. Continued vaccination was associated in a number of patients with a decrease in LDA titres. Studies on a small sample of patients revealed that this was associated with the development of serum factors which inhibited LDA activity. LDA activity appeared directed to non-MHC antigens on melanoma cells which were of at least two specificities. One specificity which was shared with antigens on a number of non-melanoma carcinoma cells was removed by absorption on fetal brain and may be similar to oncofetal antigens described by other workers. Reactivity against melanocytes was induced in some patients and may underline the development of vitiligo in several patients. These results suggest that vaccines prepared from VMCL may be a favourable method for increasing immune responses against melanoma.
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PMID:Phase II study of vaccinia melanoma cell lysates (VMCL) as adjuvant to surgical treatment of stage II melanoma. II. Effects on cell mediated cytotoxicity and leucocyte dependent antibody activity: immunological effects of VMCL in melanoma patients. 346 Jul 2

The radiologic features of 12 early gastric lymphomas in six patients were analyzed and correlated with the clinicopathologic findings. One 0.7-cm lesion on the anterior wall of the corpus could not be detected radiologically either prospectively or retrospectively. All tumors were smaller than 7.0 cm (mean, 3.5) and located within the stomach. A frequent finding was localized, slight enlargement of folds with a smooth contour, suggesting submucosal tumor infiltration. These folds were more apparent in the radiograph than in the surgical specimen, and were easily deformed by the compression method or became less prominent in the more distended stomach. Ulcer was demonstrated in all lesions, usually appearing as an unicentral, indefinite shallow depression. Deep, well demarcated ulcer was found in three lesions, and a smooth marginal elevation indicated a submucosal tumor growth. These findings were proven to be helpful in differential diagnosis from carcinoma and peptic diseases. All patients are alive and free of recurrence 15-112 months (mean, 53) after surgical resection.
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PMID:Radiologic manifestations of early gastric lymphoma. 348 68

The effects of oestrogen therapy and of orchidectomy on coronary status, as reflected by exercise ECG-testing before and after one year of treatment, were assessed in a randomized study of patients (N = 100) with prostatic cancer. Oestrogen was given as polyestradiol phosphate 80 mg i.m. per month in combination with 150 micrograms ethinylestradiol p.o. per day. There were no significant inter-group differences in conventional risk factors or in pre-treatment exercise test results. Twelve months after the start of therapy the oestrogen group showed a significantly greater depression of the ST-segment during maximal exercise in leads CH2 (P less than 0.0005) and CH5 (P less than 0.01) compared with the pre-treatment depression. Twenty-five per cent (N = 13) of the patients in the oestrogen group suffered cardiovascular complications during the year of therapy, whereas no such complications were observed in the orchidectomy group. However, even the patients in the oestrogen group who had not suffered cardiovascular complications had significantly greater depressions of the ST-segment during exercise both in lead CH2 (P less than 0.0005) and in CH5 (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in the ST-segment level in the orchidectomy group twelve months after surgery. In summary, we found evidence of an induction of myocardial ischaemia during treatment with exogenous oestrogens at low dosage in patients with prostatic cancer. This deleterious effect of oestrogen on the coronary status argues against oestrogen therapy, since oestrogen has not been shown to be more beneficial than orchidectomy against prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Deleterious effects of low-dose oestrogen therapy on coronary status in patients with prostatic cancer. 365 28

The differential effects of the i.v. administration of egg-white lysozyme on primary tumor growth and on the formation of spontaneous and artificial lung metastases have been determined in mice bearing two rodent metastasizing tumors: Lewis lung carcinoma and MCa mammary carcinoma. The depression of metastasis formation was particularly pronounced at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day given on days 1,5,10,15 after tumor transplantation, causing a correspondent prolongation of the life-span of the animals carrying artificial induced lung metastases. Contact between tumor cells and egg-white lysozyme seems at least partially responsible for the observed antitumor effects, although no direct cytotoxicity for tumor cells has been detected yet.
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PMID:Antineoplastic effects of egg-white lysozyme in mice bearing solid metastasizing tumors. 370 53

Acivicin, an amino acid antibiotic, was administered to 36 adult patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. The starting dose for good-risk patients was 15 mg/m2/day day given as a short intravenous infusion on 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Patients previously treated with radiation therapy, mitomycin, or nitrosoureas and those with inadequate bone marrow reserve received 12 mg/m2 on the same schedule. In 33 evaluable patients, one partial response occurred. Sixteen patients had stable disease with a median time to disease progression of 15 weeks (range 9-27) and a median survival of 8 months. The median survival of the whole group was, however, less than 6 months. Myelotoxicity was mild and resulted in no significant complications. Nonhematological toxicity primarily consisted of nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, depression, and altered mentation. Acivicin given by this schedule is inactive at these dose levels in previously treated patients with colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II trial of acivicin in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. 372 71

The cellular immune response of 58 patients affected by cervical cancer was evaluated with the aim of investigating abnormalities in T-cell populations. Subjects were divided into three groups: severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, microinvasive carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. T cells were assessed by a spontaneous rosette formation test with sheep red blood cells and by reactivity with specific monoclonal antibodies of OKT series (OKT4 and OKT8 positive lymphocytes). A significant T-cell depression was observed in all patient groups; the lowest T-cell level was observed in group (b), which revealed an inverted OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio too. The results support the hypothesis that cell-mediated immunity is a key factor in premalignant status and in the early development of cervical cancer.
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PMID:Immunological abnormalities in patients with cervical carcinoma. 373 19

A systematic psychiatric evaluation of 21 subjects with intraabdominal malignancy (pancreatic or gastric carcinoma) was performed. Depression was frequently associated with and often the presenting symptom complex of patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. This finding was not observed in patients with gastric carcinoma. Clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Depression and carcinoma of the pancreas. 374 31

A total of 22 patients with advanced measurable colorectal carcinoma were treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon, 15 X 10(6) U/m2 im 3 times a week, in a trial designed to evaluate therapeutic activity, toxic effects, and biological response modification. One partial response (4.5% response rate) was observed which lasted 4 months. Sixty-eight percent of the patients required dose reduction for excessive toxicity, primarily constitutional symptoms. One patient developed phenobarbital toxicity, a previously undescribed side effect thought to be related to interferon-induced depression of hepatic microsomal enzymes required for drug metabolism. Treatment was associated with an increase in peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity and the activity of an interferon-induced enzyme, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase. The increase in NK cell activity was observed only in patients whose pretreatment NK cell activity was below normal. No induction of serum factors inducing differentiation of myeloid leukemic cell lines was documented. We conclude that human lymphoblastoid interferon, at the dose and schedule tested, has minimal antitumor activity as a single agent in advanced colorectal cancer and induces unacceptable toxicity in the majority of such patients. Recent literature suggesting a possible role for interferon alpha in combination with other drugs in the treatment of colorectal cancer is discussed.
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PMID:High-dose human lymphoblastoid interferon in metastatic colorectal cancer: clinical results and modification of biological responses. 379 Dec 67

Rats bearing transplantable Walker 256 carcinoma provide an opportunity to assess thyroid function and activity during an interval of time when the tumor has not affected growth rate. Rats with tumor have decreased serum T4 and T3 concentration and decreased serum FT4 and FT3 as well. These changes are due to a decrease in binding of iodothyronines by the serum binding proteins, an increase in the fractional rate of T4 metabolism and a decrease in thyroidal secretion. The decrease in activity of the thyroid gland appears to be due to reduced sensitivity of the thyroid to circulating TSH. Despite decreased serum FT4 and FT3 concentrations, serum TSH remains normal, not increased as would be anticipated in a hypothyroidal animal. Nevertheless, a further experimental decrease in serum T4 and/ or T3 from the already reduced serum iodothyronine levels of the tumor bearing rat results in a normal increment in serum TSH. Thus, TSH secretion appears to be regulated normally despite decreased concentrations of pituitary nuclear T3. This finding suggests that tumor bearing rats have greater than normal sensitivity to T3 in their regulation of TSH secretion. Rats with Walker 256 carcinoma have decreased concentrations of hepatic nuclear T3 receptors and a decrease in T3 specifically bound to the receptors. The fractional occupancy of hepatic nuclear receptors appears relatively normal. The dose-response of alpha-GPD in relation to fractional nuclear T3 receptor occupancy appears shifted up and to the left in tumor bearing rats, whereas the curve for ME is shifted down to the right. The appearance rates of these enzymes are described by similar functions. These findings suggest that postreceptor factors in tumor bearing rats may result in augmentation of some and depression of other biologic responses to thyroid hormones. If the results of these studies are extended to sick patients, they may provide a possible mechanism whereby patients maintain the euthyroid clinical state despite a decrease in serum T3. Thus, postreceptor factors may enhance those thyroidal responses which characterize the euthyroid clinical state. Moreover, attenuation of other thyroidal responses related to conservation of protein may provide a distinct adaptive advantage to the patient with nonthyroidal illness with or without decreased food consumption.
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PMID:Animal models of nonthyroidal disease. 388 30

BMY-25282, 7-N-(dimethylamino methylene)mitomycin C, is one of a novel series of amidino mitomycin derivatives. Some of these were discovered as intermediates in a synthetic program being conducted to find improved procedures for modifying the structure of mitomycin C (MMC). Markedly superior in vivo antitumor effects have been observed with BMY-25282 compared to MMC in initial tests against i.p.-implanted P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma. When administered i.v. to mice bearing s.c. B16 melanoma, BMY-25282 was also superior to MMC. The derivative was fully active against a line of L1210 leukemia which was partially resistant to MMC treatment but had little or no activity against a line of L1210 fully resistant to MMC. It is also 2 to 4 times more potent than MMC based on a comparison of doses required to achieve optimum antitumor effects. The superior antitumor efficacy of BMY-25282 over MMC against both i.p. and s.c. B16 melanoma was maintained when the drug was given in pluronic acid formulation. Against P-388 leukemia, however, the efficacy of the drugs was equivalent when BMY-25282 was administered in the pluronic vehicle. In an in vitro clonogenic assay involving freshly explanted human tumors, BMY-25282 was consistently more potent in cytotoxic effects than MMC. With human colorectal carcinoma samples, BMY-25282 was 13.8 times more potent than MMC. The i.v. 50% lethal dose values of BMY-25282 and MMC in C57BL/6 X DBA/2 F1 mice were 2.1 mg/kg and 8.6 mg/kg, respectively. Leukopenic effects of the drugs in mice were comparable at doses up to their respective 50% lethal dose values. Hematology studies in ferrets revealed a similar pattern of depression and recovery of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets for BMY-25282 and MMC; however, with BMY-25282 there was earlier recovery of platelet counts. BMY-25282 is being further developed toward possible clinical trial.
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PMID:Antitumor activity and toxicity in animals of BMY-25282, a new mitomycin derivative. 393 26


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