Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single-agent chemotherapy of advanced and recurrent squamous carcinoma of the female genital tract has been largely ineffective. Combination-drug therapy which has augmented the efficacy of chemotherapy in numerous solid and nonsolid human tumors is usually attended by a degree of toxicity that has discouraged its use against malignancies exhibiting a poor response to single agents. A seven-drug regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, actinomycin D, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, and bleomycin administered during a 24 hour period at 4 week intervals was selected for clinical trial against squamous malignancies of the female genitalia because of its proved broad-spectrum activity among solid tumors and its low incidence of serious toxicity. Severe bone marrow depression occurred during only two of 98 drug cycles involving 23 patients. An objective tumor response was observed in nine of 18 evaluable patients. This regimen appears to be useful in the palliative management of squamous carcinoma of the female genital tract.
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PMID:Seven-drug polychemotherapy in the treatment of advanced and recurrent squamous carcinoma of the female genital tract. 5

Although elevated antibody levels to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been reported in a number of lympho-proliferative neoplasms, it has not been possible to determine whether these antibodies were the result of a specific response to an oncogenic agent (EBV), whether they were a non-specific humoral compensation for depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI), or whether a different mechanism was responsible. We have previously shown in a group of lymphoma patients that depressed cellular immunity to a number of standard antigens (Candida, SKSD, etc.) is not associated with an increase in antibody to EBV. In this study, we tried to compare CMI to possible EBV and lymphoid cell line antigens with humoral antibody to EBV. The two basis CMI assays utilized were lymphocyte cytotoxicity (LC) and skin testing (ST) for delayed hypersensitivity. In the LC assay, an EBV-containing cell line (F265) was used as the target. Reactivity against F265 was stronger in normal individuals than in cancer patients, suggesting a relationship to general cellular immune competence. ST studies showed that membrane extracts from lymphoid cell lines derived from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were more likely to elicit a delayed hypersensitivity in lymphoma and NPC patients than cell lines derived from normal individuals. Patients with ST reactivity against the membrane preparations from the tumour-derived cell lines were as likely to have elevated EBV antibodies as patients without such reactivity. The data strongly indicated that the elevated EBV titres in lymphoma patients are not related to a specific or non-specific depression of CMI.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity to EBV and lymphoid cell line antigens in human lymphoma. 19 66

Eighteen patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were compared to matched controls, before or after cobalt therapy, for the ability of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to: (1) form E and EAC rosettes and (2) mount a proliferative response with PHA, Con A and ALG. A slight decrease in the percentage of E rosettes and a moderate hyporesponsiveness to PHA and Con A were observed before treatment. The statistical significance of these alterations was borderline. Within the group of treated patients a much greater depression, including the response to ALG, was found, although a few long-term survivors responded to mitogens as well as the controls. These findings stress the difficulty of interpreting the results of a longitudinal study of cell-mediated immunity, specific or non-specific, in cancer patients. Finally, by comparing the proliferative response to the three mitogens before and after radiotherapy, it is suggested that their differential effect on these responses might be used in man, as it was in mice, to delineate lymphocyte subpopulations.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogenic responses in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prior to and after radiotherapy. 20 May 72

A 62-year-old woman developed neurologic deficits 7 months after pulmonary lobectomy for alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung. CT scan of the head demonstrated two metastases with marked peritumoral edema. Administration of Decadron, chemotherapy and 3,000 rad cranial radiation resulted in dramatic improvement of dysphasia and right hand paresis. Almost 2 months later, rhythmic, involuntary movements of the left hand developed. There was progression to multifocal seizures, grand mal seizures, postictal depression, status epilepticus, and coma, with death 9 days after onset of the movement disorder. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma was widely disseminated in lungs and bones, and as three metastases in brain. Bland "ischemic" necrosis in a pseudolaminar pattern was present in the neocortex. Innumerable Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodenodroglia. Immunofluorescence demonstrated Herpes simplex virus type 2 antigen and electron microscopy revealed virions with the morphology of the Herpes group. The case is significant for (1) the concurrence of intracranial metastases and Herpes simplex encephalitis, and (2) the causal agent, Herpes simplex virus type 2. The implication for the clinical neurocientist is the potential in a patient with systemic cancer, for the causation of neurologic complications by more than one factor or mechanism.
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PMID:Herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis concurrent with known cerebral metastases. 22 22

Liver enlargement is frequently reported in studies on the short-term toxicity of chemicals. In many such studies no histological evidence of damage is present but biochemically there is often an increased microsomal enzyme activity (MEA) which is interpreted to represent a type of work hypertrophy. In a few instances, the MEA in the enlarged liver is either normal or less than normal. In such instances histochemical evidence of liver damage (depression of G-6-Pase and autophagy) is found. A compound which produced the latter changes is Ponceau MX. When administered for up to 21 months at a dose-level which produces biochemical and histochemical evidence of liver injury, a series of changes were observed consisting of progerssive diminution of MEA, areas of glycogen accumulation and centrilobular fatty change and these were followed first by nodular hyperplasia and then by frank carcinoma. The protective effect of increased MEA in carcinogenesis was shown by the reduction in tumour incidence on the administration of phenobarbitone simultaneously with acetylaminofluorene, 4-dimethyl aminoazo benzene and diethylnitrosamine. But no such protective effect is seen if the phenobarbitone is administered after treatment with these carcinogens. In fact the number of tumours is enhanced presumably due to preferential stimulation of the growth of malignant cells.
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PMID:Liver growth and tumorigenesis in rats. 28 28

The reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with advanced malignancy was assessed by mitogen-induced stimulation of protein synthesis as measured by 3H-leucine incorporation. It was confirmed that the lymphocyte response of patients was depressed. Furthermore, the lymphocytes of 15 out of 27 cancer patients, selected because of their low responses, inhibited the reactivity of normal lymphocytes in co-cultures. The lymphocytes from one patient with Hodgkin's disease were also inhibitory. In contrast, lymphocytes from healthy subjects, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphosarcoma or multiple myeloma caused no suppression. Experiments with purified cell populations from patients with carcinoma indicated that purified T cells responded to mitogens while unseparated lymphocytes failed to respond and that the inhibitory activity was due to adherent cells, presumably monocytes. There was no evidence for B-cell-mediated suppression. However, in two cases inhibition was caused by isolated T cells of the patients and not by adherent cells. These experiments suggested that one mechanism for the depression of cell-mediated immunity seen in patients with advanced cancer may be the nonspecific suppresssion of certain T-cell functions by circulating monocytes.
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PMID:Depressed in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte response to mitogens in cancer patients: the role of suppressor cells. 30 Nov 22

A group of 67 patients with head and neck cancer has been studied of which 40 have received immunologic transfer factor from a normal donor pool. Examination of these patients revealed that lymphocyte reactivity to nonspecific mitogrens is depressed in patients who have head and neck cancer to a much greater extent than is seen in patients with other types of tumors. Furthermore, the depression is more prevalent among patients who have been treated with radiation. Patients in the head and neck group who have received transfer factor show an initial decreased response to PHA stimulation in culture. This is not seen in a control group of head and neck cancer patients or in patients with nonsquamous cander. Thymus-derived lymphocytes are depressed in patients with head and neck cancer, irrespective of whether they have received radiation. Th T-lymphocyte levels increased in eight of 38 patients who received nonimmune transfer factor, but 7 of these were in the group who had not received radiation. The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test has been used to determine tumor immunity in the patient test group. Changes in tumor immunity did not occur in those patients who received normal nonimmune transfer factor. Studies are presently in progress which provide for treatment of patients with head and neck cancer with specific squamous carcinoma immune transfer factor.
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PMID:Transference of cell mediated immunity in patients with head and neck cancer. 30 43

Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with pre-invasive and invasive cervical carcinoma, other gynaecological malignancies and controls were studied. T lymphocytes were recognized by their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells (E rosettes). Two surface marker characteristics were used to detect B lymphocytes: the receptors for activated complement responsible for erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) rosette formation, and surface membrane immunoglobulin (SMIg), which is readily stainable by immunofluorescence. There was a significant depression in T cells in association with invasive but not pre-invasive cervical carcinoma. The results for B cells varied according to the method used for their detection. EAC rosette-forming (EAC-RFC) were significantly raised in patients with invasive cancers but not in patients with pre-invasive cancer. SMIg-bearing cells were not significantly altered by the presence of malignant disease. The changes in E-RFC and EAC-RFC numbers were more marked in patients with extensive cancers. Possible functional implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in pre-invasive and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. 30 87

Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with cervical carcinoma were studied before and after radiotherapy. T lymphocytes were recognized by their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). Two surface marker characteristics were used to detect B lymphocytes: receptors for activated complement responsible for erythrocyte--antibody--complement (EAC) rosette formation, and surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg), readily stainable by immunofluorescence. We have demonstrated a significant depression of total lymphocytes after radiotherapy which persists for more than 5 years. This reduction in lymphocytes is due to a loss of E rosette-forming T cells, SmIg-bearing B cells and null cells. Absolute numbers of EAC rosette-forming B cells are not altered by treatment, and there is a rise in this cell type when the results are expressed as percentages of the total lymphocyte count. The possible functional immunological significance of these changes is discussed.
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PMID:T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations following radiotherapy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. 30 70

Numerous investigators have observed a depression of cell-mediated immunity in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck using a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. This report presents the data obtained when a group of head and neck cancer patients were evaluated for reactivity in an in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis assay using polyclonal mitogens and specific antigens, numbers of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, and levels of circulating immune complexes. Such an immunological monitoring protocol revealed a depressed reactivity of the cancer patients in the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay when compared to normal age-matched controls. We also observed that 75% of these patients had circulating soluble immune complexes in their sera before and after therapy. These preliminary data indicate that further research is needed to examine the potential role of soluble immune complexes in modulating the host's immune response.
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PMID:Immune monitoring protocol for patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. Preliminary report. 30 48


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