Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of immunodeficiency with increased IgM are reported. Patient 1 was a black male 3.5 years old who had recurrent pyogenic infections, failure to thrive, oral thrush, and systemic cryptococcal infection. Patient 2 was a 9-year-old white female who had recurrent cervical abscesses. Serum immunoglobulin determinations by radial immunodiffusion in both patients showed marked depression of IgG and IgA and marked elevation of IgM. A low molecular weight circulating monomeric IgM was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration in the second patient; this was not present in the first case. In vitro impairment of cellular immunity was observed in both patients. Administration of dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor) led to improvement of cell-mediated immunity in patient 1. The etiology of this syndrome apparently has several different genetic bases. These patients demonstrate heterogeneity in genetic, ethnic, immunologic, and other features of the syndrome.
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PMID:X-linked immunodeficiency with increased IgM: clinical, ethnic, and immunologic heterogeneity. 72 95

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral candidiasis affects approximately one third of HIV-seropositive patients and more than 90% of patients with AIDS. It is necessary to identify patients who have a greater risk of candidiasis developing, so that interventions can be designed to reduce the frequency. This is particularly important because there is evidence that Candida species are immunosuppressive and therefore candidiasis may adversely affect the prognosis of patients with HIV. Susceptibility to HIV-related oral candidiasis is associated with xerostomia, severity of disease, depression of cell-mediated immunity, and older age (greater than 35 years). The frequency of HIV-related oral candidiasis is notably increased when the CD4 lymphocyte count falls to less than 300 cells/mm3. Xerostomia appears to be a better predictor of HIV-related oral candidiasis than CD4 count and should be prevented (e.g., by avoiding xerogenic drugs) and treated, when necessary, to minimize the risk of oral candidiasis.
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PMID:Host factors associated with HIV-related oral candidiasis. A review. 153 36

This article discusses clinical, immunologic, and etiologic considerations in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the relationship of AIDS to other immunodeficiency diseases. The outstanding clinical feature of AIDS is the occurrence of opportunistic infections in individuals with no prior known cause of immunodeficiency. Such infections have included Pneumocystis carinii, oral thrush from Candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, atypical mycobacteria, cryptosporidium, and Herpes simplex virus. Central nervous system invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans and Toxoplasma gondi has also been reported. Persistent quantitative and functional depression of T4 cells is the immunologic hallmark of full-blown AIDS. Another prominent feature is in vitro spontaneous hyperactivity of B cells. AIDS patients lose cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions both to recall and to new antigens, and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is diminished. The mounting number of T8 cells and diminution in T4 cells causes an inversion in the normal T4:T8 ratio. It has been hypothesized that the host defense mechanism is the attempt of the cytotoxic T8 cells to destroy the virus-infected T4 cells. 2 groups of investigators have discovered a lymphocytotropic retrovirus from blood and node lymphocytes of AIDS patients: lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) or human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Among the primary immunodeficiencies, AIDS most closely resembles the defect observed in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, an inherited autosomal recessive phenomenon. There is evidence that multiple infections or antigen overload characterize all the risk groups for AIDS. Moreover, antigen overload in experimental animals and man has been shown to suppress immune responses and to down-regulate Ia antigen expression on monocytes. This may prove to be a necessary precondition for the development of AIDS.
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PMID:The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 315 26

We evaluated 100 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive persons from the only alternate test site in Los Angeles. Thirty-five subjects complained of systemic symptoms suggestive of HIV infection and 65 were completely asymptomatic. Irrespective of symptoms, the group as a whole demonstrated clinical and laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. Eighty had generalized lymphadenopathy, 16 onychomycosis, six oral candidiasis, and two biopsy-proved Kaposi's sarcoma. Seventy-seven were anergic to seven intradermal antigens. Despite normal white blood cell counts in most subjects, the T-helper-cell count was less than 300/mm3 in 48% of asymptomatic and 46% of symptomatic subjects. The degree of immune depression was less severe but approximated that of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We believe these findings justify the need for comprehensive medical evaluation and follow-up care for seropositive persons from alternate test sites.
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PMID:Clinical features of 100 human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals from an alternate test site. 350 Jun 85

The case of a 14-year-old girl is reported, suffering from a chronic oral candidiasis for the past 2 years. An immunologic T-cell defect was discovered: anergy in skin tests with recall antigens, negative lymphocyte stimulation tests with antigens and marked T-helper-cell depression in lymphocyte subpopulations. Thymopoietin-pentapeptide normalized the T-helper-cell number without clinical improvement. Complete remission was achieved after oral ketoconazole therapy.
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PMID:[Idiopathic chronic oral candidiasis in T-helper cell defect and heterozygote (MZ) alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]. 622 7

A clinical trial was conducted in 22 SLE patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorder in which the efficacy of pulse methylprednisolone suleptanate at the dose of 400 mg or 800 mg (as methylprednisolone) was assessed. The symptoms of CNS disorder disappeared within 40 days after pulse therapy in all of the 16 patients with organic brain syndrome (OBS). No improvement in the symptoms took place in any but one of the five patients who had cerebrovascular disorder. One SLE patient with depression showed improvement 55 days after pulse therapy. In the patients with OBS who had not received pulse therapy until 28 days or more after onset of CNS disorder, the symptoms disappeared in 20 days or more in both 400 mg and 800 mg dose groups. On the other hand, five of the six patients given the dose of 800 mg within 10 days of occurrence of the disease experienced a complete relief of the symptoms in 10 days after pulse therapy. However, at least 13 days were required for complete relief in all the four patients of the 400 mg group. The adverse reactions reported consisted of hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus, and infections such as thrush or herpes zoster. The above results suggest that methylprednisolone pulse therapy is useful in the treatment of CNS disorder associated with SLE, particularly in patients with OBS who are given the dose of 800 mg early after onset of the disease.
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PMID:[Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for SLE patients with CNS disorder]. 797 24

We investigated the long-term health effects of HIV-1 infection in homosexual men not close to developing AIDS by comparing 916 HIV-1-seropositive (SP) men at least 1.67-3.67 years prior to a clinical AIDS diagnosis to 2,161 HIV-1-seronegative (SN) controls. The SP group reported a higher total of 12 distinct symptoms (fatigue, shortness of breath, night sweats, rash, cough, diarrhea, headache, thrush, skin discoloration, fever, weight loss, and sore throat/mouth) than did the SN group (p < 0.0001), corresponding to at least 5.6 more days/year of such symptoms. The SP group had lower body mass index (p < 0.0001) and lower hemoglobin (p < 0.0001). The SP group was more depressed, as measured by CES-D score (p = 0.047), before knowledge of one's serostatus was likely, and became even further depressed (p = 0.038 for increase in depression) after the HIV-1 serostatus test was accessible to high-risk groups. These associations remained unchanged in multivariate models, incorporating other covariates.
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PMID:Signs and symptoms of "asymptomatic" HIV-1 infection in homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. 826 59

The cause of taste abnormality was investigated in 25 patients with decreased taste sensation (hypogeusia group) and 14 patients with abnormal taste sensation (dysgeusia group) by examining taste threshold, salivary flow rate, Candida cell culture, and laboratory examination of peripheral blood. The cause of hypogeusia was identified as iron deficiency in 7 patients, oral candidiasis in 6, hyposalivation (xerostomia) in 6, and psychiatric distress in 3, and could not be determined in 3 (idiopathic). Dysgeusia was associated with psychiatric distress in 8 patients, oral candidiasis in 3, drug medication in 2, and hyposalivation in 1. In the hypogeusia group, the decreased taste sensation generally corresponded with elevated taste thresholds, which decreased along with improvement of the decreased taste sensation in all except the 3 patients with psychiatric etiology and 2 of the 3 patients with idiopathic etiology. In contrast, no elevation or depression of taste thresholds were observed in the dysgeusia group, and the abnormal taste sensation did not disappear in most cases; however, drug-induced dysgeusia improved completely within 2 months after cessation of the drug administration. The serum copper and zinc levels were not decreased in any patient, but a decreased serum iron level was observed in 7 patients. Based on these results, it is concluded that abnormal taste sensation may be induced by many oral and systemic disturbances and that hypogeusia, which may be induced by deficiency of iron but not of zinc or copper, is usually accompanied by elevation of taste thresholds, while dysgeusia is not.
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PMID:Clinical and physiological investigations in patients with taste abnormality. 885 Mar 56

A 60-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer achieved good pain control on a stable dose of methadone for 10 days. However, he developed respiratory depression 2 days after intravenous fluconazole was administrated for refractory oral candidiasis. Intravenous naloxone effectively reversed the respiratory depression. This case illustrates a significant interaction between methadone and fluconazole, and highlights the need for awareness of potential interactions between drugs used in palliative care.
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PMID:Methadone and fluconazole: respiratory depression by drug interaction. 1184 35

The care of sick and dying persons with AIDS is often provided in the home by family, partners, and friends. This article outlines simple guidelines for such caregivers. Nursing techniques are suggested for common problems such as changing dirty bedclothes with a person in the bed, making a sick person comfortable, eating or swallowing difficulties, pressure sores, mouth care and oral thrush, and loss of memory or personality changes. Health workers can help caregivers to plan how they will manage and share their responsibilities, keep simple medication records, and look after their own health and needs as well as refer them to support groups. Bereavement counseling gives people an opportunity to talk about the events leading up to a death and the death itself, reassure caregivers that any feelings of depression and anger are normal, and enable people to accept the reality of their loss and look to the future.
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PMID:Helping carers to cope. 1229 83


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