Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fever and shock are symptoms of acute disseminated candidiasis. Phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), following a single administration of polysaccharide-protein complex, was studied with respect to the role of the RES in the pathophysiology of circulatory shock. The index of phagocytic activity was determined 15 or 120 minutes following IV administration of polysaccharide-protein complex (50 mg/kg) to mice, from the rates of clearance of carbon particles and of heterologous erythrocytes labeled with 51Cr. The mice were pretreated with hydrocortisone 300 mg/kg, methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg, or saline 120 minutes before administration of the polysaccharide-protein complex. Depression of the phagocytic activity was observed following administration of polysaccharide-protein complex in both time intervals investigated. This depression could be prevented successfully by administration of both glucocorticoids studied. The fractional distribution of 86Rb was determined in other groups of identically treated mice. An increase of 86Rb uptake was found in the heart, lungs, and adrenals 15 minutes after administration of polysaccharide-protein complex. A decrease of 86Rb uptake was found in the intestines and spleen. These changes were also found in mice pretreated with glucocorticoids. A return to the normal picture of 86Rb fractional distribution was found 120 minutes after polysaccharide-protein administration. It was suggested that changes in phagocytic activity were not a result of altered hemodynamics.
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PMID:Phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system of mice in shock-like state following administration of polysaccharide-protein complex isolated from Candida albicans. 34 40

Germfree and conventional rats were challenged (intravenously) with Candida albicans and sacrificed at various times after infection, and their spleen cells were harvested to examine the effect of disseminated candidiasis on in vitro lymphocyte hypersensitivity to Candida antigens (CA). Results showed that conventional rat splenocytes, initially responsive in vitro to stimulation by CA, manifested a depression in CA-specific responsiveness after challenge with viable C. albicans (days 3 to 6 postchallenge). In addition, the latter splenocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) was suppressed by 3 to 6 days after challenge with Candida. In contrast to conventional rats, the response of germfree rat splenocytes to CA was insignificant before challenge with C. albicans, and it was increased at 9 days after infection. The response of uninfected germfree rat splenocytes to PHA and ConA was significantly lower than that of unchallenged conventional rats. Challenge with viable C. albicans did not result in a suppression of gnotobiotic rat splenocyte responses to PHA and ConA, but rather, the disseminated infection resulted in as much as fivefold increases in PHA or ConA-induced blastogenesis. These findings suggest that disseminated candidiasis is capable of suppressing blastogenesis in immunologically mature conventional rats and of improving lymphocyte blastogenesis from immunologically immature germfree rats.
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PMID:Effect of systemic candidiasis on blastogenesis of lymphocytes from germfree and conventional rats. 35 27

A specific inhibitory activity of in vitro proliferative responses of normal human lymphocytes to Candida metabolic antigen was found in the serum of 6 out of 23 children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. In each of the six patients, the presence of an inhibitory activity was associated with Candida-specific cellular defects, characterized by a negative-skin test and a lack of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. The presence of a circulating inhibitor was detected during relapses of the disease and disappeared under antifungal therapy. This inhibitory effect was not associated with any toxicity on tested lymphocytes. The factor was shown to be nondialysable, thermostable, nonprecipitable with ammonium sulfate and absorbable on anti-Candida antibodies or concanavalin A-coupled agarose columns. Altogether, these results suggest that the inhibitory factor is not an immunoglobulin, but rather a polysaccharidic antigen of Candida albicans. An inhibition of Candida-induced proliferative response of normal human lymphocytes was also obtained by addition of polysacharide antigens or purified mannans from C. albicans to cultures. Candida polysaccharidic antigens appeared, therefore, to be involved in specific depression of cellular functions observed in chronic candidiasis.
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PMID:Specific inhibition of in vitro Candida-induced lymphocyte proliferation by polysaccharidic antigens present in the serum of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. 36 54

The lymphocyte responsiveness to leishmanial antigens and its influence on the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied in a patient with AIDS-associated American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis. The patient had cutaneous disseminated erythematous papules or nodules and mucosal lesions as well as moniliasis and weight loss. The patient had a poor delayed-type hypersensitivity to leishmanial antigens, showing 3 mm of induration. The cellular immune responses were studied in vitro by lymphocyte proliferative assays induced by leishmanial antigens and concanavalin A. The T cell phenotypes were analysed by flow cytometry. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells before proliferation showed an inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio (0.28:1). The lymphoproliferative responses to antigen and mitogen were very low (indices < 2.5). The blast-like cell phenotypes after antigen stimulation in culture were: CD3+ 44.8%, CD4+ 7.53% and CD8+ 17.45%. In AIDS patients the decrease in the pool of CD4+ cells, and consequent diminution of the CD4/CD8 ratio, produced by HIV infection provokes a generalized immune depression. The patient's disseminated clinical picture was probably related to the inability of his T cell-mediated immune responses to control the spread of Leishmania infection.
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PMID:Cellular and humoral immune responses of a patient with American cutaneous leishmaniasis and AIDS. 147 17

This study correlates the prevalent oral disease findings in 390 patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with their level of staging (Walter Reed) and depletion of peripheral helper T lymphocytes (CD4+). Chronic lymphadenopathy of the head and neck was a common finding (59.2%) that occurred early in staging progression and did not correlate with depression of helper T-cell levels. Of the three prevalent oral disease findings (oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), candidiasis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis [NUG]) only OHL and NUG were significantly correlated with helper T-cell depletion. The occurrence of visually detectable OHL and NUG corresponds to depletion of peripheral helper T-lymphocyte values in a range of 157 to 299 cells/mm3. This range may represent a more accurate value for biologically significant lymphocyte depletion than the Walter Reed value of 400 cells/mm3. The presence of OHL showed a weak statistical correlation with staging progression, indicating deteriorating immunoregulation. No cases of Kaposi's sarcoma or other HIV-1-associated oral diseases were observed in the sample population, regardless of the patient's staging category or peripheral helper T-lymphocyte count.
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PMID:Correlation of oral disease with the Walter Reed staging scheme for HIV-1-seropositive patients. 153 56

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral candidiasis affects approximately one third of HIV-seropositive patients and more than 90% of patients with AIDS. It is necessary to identify patients who have a greater risk of candidiasis developing, so that interventions can be designed to reduce the frequency. This is particularly important because there is evidence that Candida species are immunosuppressive and therefore candidiasis may adversely affect the prognosis of patients with HIV. Susceptibility to HIV-related oral candidiasis is associated with xerostomia, severity of disease, depression of cell-mediated immunity, and older age (greater than 35 years). The frequency of HIV-related oral candidiasis is notably increased when the CD4 lymphocyte count falls to less than 300 cells/mm3. Xerostomia appears to be a better predictor of HIV-related oral candidiasis than CD4 count and should be prevented (e.g., by avoiding xerogenic drugs) and treated, when necessary, to minimize the risk of oral candidiasis.
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PMID:Host factors associated with HIV-related oral candidiasis. A review. 153 36

Mycologic examinations of patients with mycoses of the soles, working at 5 metallurgical plants in the town of Zaporozhye, have detected T. rubrum in 71.3 percent and T. interdigitale in 28.7 percent of cases. In 110 (18.3 percent) patients C. albicans were isolated from foci of involvement in parallel with Trichophyton. As a rule these patients were engaged in 'hot' shops and suffered from dysfunctions of various vital organs and from metabolic disorders. Mycoses of the soles complicated with Candida infection were characterized by marked exudation and dissemination with symptoms of eczema, intensive itching, efflorescence of the allergic type. High immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity to administration of Candida antigen was observed in them. Cell-mediated and humoral immune response of these patients was essentially uncoordinated with depression of the T-immunity and nonspecific defense factors as a rule.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the clinical manifestations and the pathogenesis of foot mycoses complicated by candidiasis in metallurgists]. 214 4

The accidental close exposure of over 200 adults and children to a caesium-137 (137Cs) source in Goiania, Brazil in 1987 produced significant short-term morbidity in about 50 patients, and four deaths within a few weeks. Some 57% of those maximally exposed to radiation, developed orofacial lesions, notably purpura, spontaneous bleeding, ulcers and/or acute candidiasis. These lesions were probably mainly the consequences of depression of bone marrow elements by the radionuclide. Though the oral lesions that may follow iatrogenic exposure to ionizing radiation are well recognized this appears to be the first report on the oral sequelae of a serious radiation accident.
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PMID:Orofacial manifestations from accidental exposure to caesium 137 in Goiania, Brazil. 223 37

We have observed a high frequency of chronic Candida albicans infection and of allergic sensitization to candida among patients with normocalcemic latent tetany (LT). Among 50 LT patients, 34% suffered from recurrent or chronic candida infection by history, 24% showed evidence of active infection and 48% demonstrated type I hypersensitivity to C. albicans extract on intradermal testing. Treatment with oral antifungal drugs and allergy desensitization to Candida produced complete relief of symptoms in 44% of the patients, with remission occurring for symptoms of depression, irritable bowel syndrome, fatigue, premenstrual tension, headache, anxiety and back pain. The complex relationship between candidiasis and Mg deficit is discussed. Patients with LT, refractory symptoms and a history of prolonged antibiotic exposure or recurrent candida infection should be considered for oral antifungal therapy and candida desensitization.
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PMID:Normocalcemic tetany and candidiasis. 391 83

A father and son, both suffering from chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, were successfully treated with oral ketoconazole, a water-soluble imidazole compound. No toxic side-effects occurred during treatment. Treatment was given for about 8 months with diminishing does of ketoconazole. The disease cleared completely about half-way through the course of treatment and did not relapse within 1 month of discontinuing the drug. The only immunological abnormality was a depression in vitro of neutrophil chemotaxis. This became normal during therapy and was regarded as being a result of the disease and not as its cause.
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PMID:Familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis successfully treated with oral ketoconazole. 625 21


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