Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depression of lymphocyte transformation and an increase in insulin resistance are common to pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, widespread malignancy, infection, and tissue destruction. We suggest that these abnormalities are caused by a rise in the plasma-glycoprotein level which is also common to these clinical states. There is evidence that glycoproteins can inhibit cell division, lymphocyte transformation, and the action of hormones on target cells. Because of the increase in plasma glycoprotein the cells in many organs and their hormone receptors may have a thicker coating of glycoproteins which blunts their response to variuos stimuli.
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PMID:Do plasma glycoproteins induce lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness and insulin resistance? 8 44

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine is a highly effective cytostatic agent that preferentially affects the lymphatic system. Pretreatment of noninbred H mice with the drug markedly depressed the level of thymidine (dThd) incorporation into DNA in the spleen and also lowered the dThd and thymidylate kinase activities. Maximum effects were observed following administration of the analog in a single dose 24 hours before the mice were killed. Whereas cytidine and dThd did not reverse the inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, excessive doses of deoxycytidine partially reversed this inhibition. Similar to the depression of dThd incorporation, a depression in the incorporation of deoxycytidine and cytidine into spleen DNA was found after 24-hour pretreatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. However, 7 days following 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, the incorporation of dThd into DNA in the spleens of mice was significantly increased. [3H]5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was rapidly incorporated into spleen DNA, whereas deoxycytidine interfered with the incorporation of [3H]5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Oct
PMID:Depression of DNA synthesis in mouse spleen after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. 9 Jan 50

The molecular weight (MW) and dose dependency of several of the toxic effects and antitumor and antiviral activities of a new series of five maleic anhydride-divinyl ether copolymers (MVE) were established. Each polyanion preparation was relatively homogeneous and exhibited a narrow MW range, from 12,500 (MVE-1) to greater than 52,000 (MVE-5). All of the polyanions were effective as adjuvants to surgery against the metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma, and also exhibited marked antitumor activity against the P815 mastocytoma. MVE-1 retained antitumor activity while losing considerable antiviral activity. This polyanion also exhibited the least toxicity with regard to criteria such as sensitization to the lethal effects of endotoxin, inhibition of reticuloendothelial function, and depression of the microsomal mixed functional oxidase system. The MVE-4 (MW, 32,000) and MVE-5 (MW, 52,600) polyanions exhibited potent antitumor and antiviral activity, but also demonstrated dose-dependent toxic effects.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Nov
PMID:Relationship of molecular weight to antiviral and antitumor activities and toxic effects of maleic anhydride-divinyl ether (MVE) polyanions. 10 18

Chlorozotocin, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose, is a newly synthesized, water-soluble nitrosourea antitumor agent that is active against L1210 leukemia in mice. A 701% and a 401% increase in life-span were attained with a dose that was lethal to 10% of the animals (15 to 20 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice treated on Day 2 or Day 6 of L1210 tumor growth, respectivley. Sixity % of Day 2-treated mice and 30% of Day 6-treated mice survived for 90 days. At the maximally effective dose against L1210, chlorozotocin produced no significant depression in normal bone marrow DNA synthesis nor in peripheral neutrophil count, in contrast to a sustained greater than 90% inhibition in L1210 ascites cell DNA synthesis. If the antitumor activity and reduced bone marrow toxicity of chlorozotocin are confirmed in man the use of this compound would facilitate treatment of patients with neoplastic disease who have preexisting abnormal bone marrow function or would allow for the more effective use of a nitrosourea agent in combination with anticancer agents possessing more potent myelosuppressive properties.
Cancer Res 1975 Mar
PMID:Chlorozotocin, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose, an antitumor agent with modified bone marrow toxicity. 12 70

An examination was made of the effect of treatment with methylating agents of varying carcinogenic potency and with stress inducing hormones upon DNA synthesis in the resting liver of the rat. With the methylating agents an early stimulation of DNA synthesis was observed, but this was depressed below the control levels at later times and with higher doses; hormone administration also resulted in a depression of DNA synthesis but, without any initial stimulation at the dosage employed. Under conditions of induced stress it was found that the extent of reaction of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea with cellular macromolecules was enhanced. This appeared to be a general effect upon the liver cell since both DNA and rRNA were affected in a similar manner.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1975 Nov 25
PMID:The effect of hormone induced stress upon the extent of alkylation of rat liver nucleic acids by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. 12 16

An initial clinical trial of daily and weekly X 6 ihtravenous infusions of thalicarpine, a plant alkaloid of novel structure, was carried out in 36 patients. Twenty-eight patients received 33 courses of single-dose administration at doses of 200-1900 mg/m2. At the maximum tolerable dose of 1400 mg/m2, toxic effects included arm pain (nine or ten), central nervous system depression (seven of ten), nausea and vomiting (two of ten), hypotension (two of ten), hypertension (two of ten), arrhythmia (premature ventricular contractions) (one of ten), and electrocardiographic changes (mainly T-wave flattening) (five of ten). At the maximum tolerable dose for weekly administration, 1100 mg/m2/week X 6, arm pain was seen in seven of eight, central nervous system depression in three of eight, hypotension in one of eight, and electrocardiographic changes in three of eight. The recommended dose for phase II trials is 1100 mg/m2/week by a 2-hour intravenous infusion.
Cancer Chemother Rep
PMID:Phase I study of thalicarpine (NAC-68075), a plant alkaloid of noval structure. 12 11

The effect of operation on in vitro lymphocyte function in 35 cancer patients was studied. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), poke-weed mitogen (PWM), and concanavalin A (Con A) were measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette formation also was quantitated. These tests were performed preoperatively and at 24 hours, one week, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Intra-abdominal and intrathoracic procedures, transfusions, and longer operating times depressed the lymphocyte proliferative response. However, an increased lymphocyte proliferative response was noted in sarcoma patients 24 hours postoperatively, possibly as a result of lowered tumor burden. Several of these changes still were evident 4 weeks after operation. Rosette formation also decreased significantly 24 hours postoperatively in patients who had intrathoracic or intra-abdominal procedures, but returned to preoperative levels after one week. In general, operation appears to cause transient depression of lymphocyte function in some cancer patients. However, lymphocyte function returns to normal by the fourth postoperative week in most patients.
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PMID:Effects of operation on immune response in cancer patients: sequential evaluation of in vitro lymphocyte function. 12 42

Thymosin, fraction V, prepared by the method of Goldstein et al., was studied in in vitro lymphocyte cultures with cells obtained from normal subjects and patients with disseminated cancer. Thymosin lowered blastogenic activity in some patients, did not affect it in others, and increased counts in still others. There was a statistically significant depression in baseline (prethymosin) counts from both normals and patients when individuals whose counts increased in the presence of thymosin were compared with other subjects. We conclude that thymosin tended to raise depressed blastogenesis into the normal range without causing supranormal activity or without itself acting as a mitogen or antigen. Eighty-two in vivo courses in thymosin were given to 32 patients. Analysis of the first thymosin courses in these 32 patients shows that immunologic reconstitution occurred in patients with originally depressed T-cell function and numbers, whereas little change was apparent in patients with initially intact tests of T-cell activity. Clinical effects were equivocal; however, no systematic clinical trial was conducted. Toxicity was minimal (four of the 32 patients); in each case, it consisted of inflammation at the injection site. The in vitro and in vivo results of this study suggest that thymosin therapy modulates and partially normalizes T-lymphocyte numbers and function.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo studies with thymosin in cancer patients. 13 16

Variations in epidermal chalones after a single surface application of methylcholanthrene have been described in previous papers. This paper reports a study of the effect of croton oil on epidermal growth regulators (G1 and G2 chalones). Hairless mice received a single topical application of 0.2 ml 0.25% acetone solution of croton oil. Control mice received only acetone. The short-term effect of croton oil on epidermal DNA synthesis and mitotic rate was studied. Other groups of croton oil-treated and acetone-treated mice were then killed at similar time intervals, and the treated area of skin was homogenized and extracted with water. The inhibitory effect of these extracts on normal epidermal DNA synthesis and mitotic rate was assayed in normal hairless mice. The resulting inhibition was interpreted as an expression of the concentration of G1 and G2 chalones, respectively, in the skin extracts. The first experiment confirmed that a single croton oil application provokes a short block in epidermal mitotic activity and probably also in DNA synthesis. This was followed by bimodal peaks of increased activity, the two maxima of mitotic rate on days 2 and 7. The concentration of the two chalones in the skins of treated animals varied in inverse proportion to the alterations in the DNA synthesis and the mitotic rate, with one exception. There was here initially a depression both of the mitotic rate and a low concentration of G2 chalone. This was interpreted as a short, initial direct effect of croton oil on the G2 chalone present at the time of application. It is concluded that croton oil application injures and kills epidermal cells, with subsequent alterations in the content of G1 and G2 chalones. This theory may explain the changes observed. The effects of croton oil on the amount of G1 and G2 chalones in the skin are probably related to the direct, toxic, cell-killing effect of croton oil, and not to its specific cancer promoting potency.
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PMID:Effects of croton oil on epidermal growth regulators (chalones). 13 13

Human epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas from the respiratory tract were established as cell cultures and grown on Cell finder film slides (Microlab, Holland). The cultures showed lack of contact inhibition, and cytogenetical analyses revealed both numerical and structural karyotype anomalies, with various abnormal chromosome stemlines. Pig and mouse skin extracts supposed to contain the epidermal G2 chalone and mouse liver extracts prepared in a similar way were added to the cell cultures, which were then assayed for mitotic inhibition by means of the Colcemid technique, i.e. the number of Colcemid-arrested mitoses per 1000 cells during 4 h was counted. The results indicate that the species-non-specificity and the reversibility of the epidermal G2 chalone activity, previously demonstrated in both malignant and non-malignant animal tissues and in human epidermis, is to be found even in human epidermoid carcinomas in vitro. The reversibility of the chalone-induced mitotic depression could be demonstrated by repeated counts of the number of proliferating cells in the cultures before and after addition of chalone extrcts. Whether this hold true for malignant human tumours in general remains, however, to be seen.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1977
PMID:[Species-non-specific and reversible growth inhibition by chalones in human epidermoid carcinomas in vitro]. 14 May 38


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