Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depressed cellular immune function has been demonstrated in patients with a variety of lymphoreticular and nonlymphoreticular neoplasms, including patients harboring brain tumors. In the present study, peripheral T lymphocytes from more than fifty percent of patients with central nervous system tumors, both primary and metastatic, exhibited depressed incorporation of 3H-thymidine in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) when tests were performed in the absence of autologous serum. Increased numbers of monocytes were present within mononuclear cell suspensions from brain tumor patients, and most of the cell populations containing elevated monocytes also exhibited depressed responses to PHA. A role for monocytes as suppressor cells was suggested by the finding that partial reconstitution of T cell function could frequently be effected by adherent cell depletion. However, total reversal of the defect was rare and there was no relationship between monocytes and T cell dysfunction in some patients. The results suggest that while monocytes may be involved in the immune depression seen in some patients with a brain tumor, the complete explanation is as yet unknown.
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PMID:Depressed T lymphocyte function in brain tumor patients: monocytes as suppressor cells. 623 89

Local blood flow (F) in metastatic Walker 256 (WL-256) brain tumors produced by the intracarotid artery injection of WL-256 tumor cells in rats was measured using 14C-iodoantipyrine and quantitative autoradiography. Blood flow was variable in the tumors; the overall range was 2 to 222 ml hg-1 min-1 and the maximum range in an individual tumor extended over 150 ml hg-1 min-1. Small tumors had mean blood flows similar to surrounding brain. Medium to large tumors had significantly lower flows; the lowest values were usually measured in necrotic or cystic regions, although low values (less than 20 ml hg-1) were also measured in some viable-appearing tumor regions. Blood flow was significantly reduced in brain adjacent to medium and large but not small tumors. A global depression of brain and tumor blood flow was measured in two animals with hydrocephalus and the largest tumor burden. The blood flow patterns of the WL-256 metastatic tumor model are not uniquely different from other brain tumor models although some individual differences exist.
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PMID:Local blood flow in Walker 256 metastatic brain tumors. 650 94

The antitumor effect of human leukocyte interferon was investigated on ten patients with malignant brain tumor. In eight cases of primary tumor, IFN alone was administered when their recurrent sign was evident. A dose of 3 X 10(6) IU or 1 X 10(6) IU of IFN was injected intramuscularly two or three times a week in high-dose group, while a dose of 5 X 10(4) IU once a week in low-dose group. No remarkable side effects including bone marrow depression were noted. Natural killer activity was enhanced and immunologic skin reaction manifested. Partial remission of more than 50% decrease of tumor volume calculated on CT scan was seen in two cases in the low-dose group for about 3-6 months. Complete remission could not be obtained by IFN alone. Our pilot study has shown that IFN alone will not be effective against progressive malignant brain tumors by general administration. Further investigation should be carried out to improve the use of IFN therapy in malignant brain tumor.
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PMID:Effect of human leukocyte interferon on malignant brain tumors. 683 90

Examined the adjustment of 6- to 18-year-old children and adolescents (n = 38) 2 to 5 years postdiagnosis of brain tumor with respect to standardized measures of anxiety and depression; self-perceptions; and adaptive living skills. Child, mother, and teacher report data were used. Maternal adjustment (anxiety and depression, parenting stress) was also assessed. Children and adolescents surviving brain tumors reported themselves to be generally within the normal range. However, maternal ratings of social problems were higher than normative scores and significantly lower than norms on social problems, scholastic competence, and communication skills. Teacher ratings on the Teacher Rating Form were all within normal limits. Maternal adjustment measures were within the normal range, although the Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscale of the Parenting Stress index was elevated. No differences in scores were found between children in regular and special education, or between children who had received radiation and those who did not. This sample of survivors of pediatric brain tumors and their mothers had relatively mild problems in adjustment, supporting a competency-based view of the adaptation of pediatric patients and their families.
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PMID:Adjustment in childhood brain tumor survival: child, mother, and teacher report. 886 62

With the aim of evaluating the quality of life (QL) of 101 brain tumor patients, a multidimensional approach was adopted, using the Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) as a global measure of well-being, the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and the Index of Independence in Activity of Daily Living (ADL) as indices of physical and functional dimensions, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SRDS) for psychological assessment, and neuropsychological tests for abstract reasoning, attention, memory and frontal lobe functions. The patients were grouped on the grounds of disease stage and treatment. The FLIC and KPS ratings increased from the patients who had just undergone surgery to patients who were disease-free after completing chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thus showing that the QL may improve during the disease despite aggressive treatments, providing there is no tumor recurrence. However, only the FLIC consistently discriminated the patients' stratification. The ADL revealed no between-group differences, whereas the STAI and SRDS revealed the presence of emotional troubles at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Cognitive impairment was more serious after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as in patients with tumor recurrence. The FLIC significantly correlated with all of the other scales used, showing that it is useful in summarizing both the physical and psychosocial impairment of brain tumor patients. Of the pathological variables, a tumor location in the anterior right hemisphere or diencephalon was associated with high FLIC ratings, may be due to the minor cognitive impairment observed in patients with these tumor sites. Of the demographic variables, the level of education was associated with high FLIC ratings, thus highlighting the role of psychosocial environment in improving the QL. The use of a multidimensional approach or a global index of well-being that also reflects psychosocial and cognitive aspects proved to be more appropriate than traditional functional instruments (such as the KPS) in assessing the QL of brain tumor patients and in detecting the extent of the disease.
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PMID:Quality of life in brain tumor patients. 886 5

This is a study on the loss-grief reaction and coping behavior of a mother whose child died of brain tumor. The researcher used field methods to collect data and analyze observations of mother-nurse interaction. The results showed that this mother had self-blame depression, and guilt feelings and affected the whole family. With the help of nurses and various supportive resources the mother was finally able to go through the grieving process smoothly.
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PMID:[The loss-grief reaction and coping behavior of a mother whose child died of a brain tumor]. 937 24

Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome = DNX) has been used in 14 children with recurrent or progressive growing brain tumor. DNX was given as a 1-h intravenous infusion with a dose of 60 mg/m2, once every 4 weeks, up to a cumulative dose of 600 mg/m2. At 3-month intervals the tumor process was evaluated on MRI or CT scan. Tumor response and toxicity of DNX were recorded according to the WHO guidelines. In 6 of the children a response has been established: 2 had complete responses, of which one relapsed again after 3 months; in 3 children a partial response was found. Two children showed stable disease. In 6 children the tumors grew progressively. In all responding children a remarkable subjective response was found. The toxicity of DNX at this dose was mild with a mild bone marrow depression and a slight but certain cardiotoxicity in 3 children. For the whole group the left ventricular function decreased with 13.8%. In 1 child the DNX treatment was stopped because of a decrease of the shortening fraction to 20%. In 4 children some hair loss was observed at the end of the treatment. In 3 children mental depression occurred that was associated with the administration of DNX. DNX is a well-tolerated and effective drug in the treatment of slowly progressive or recurrent brain tumors in children.
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PMID:Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in children with recurrent or progressive brain tumors. 1010 Feb 73

This study investigated the influence of levamisole therapy on immunocompetent cells and lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens in 25 children with brain tumor. Eleven (11/25) patients were receiving chemotherapy and immunomodulating drug levamisole 3 months after neurosurgery, during maintenance chemotherapy, 2.5 mg/kg of body weight per os, for three consecutive days every 2 weeks, for 6-12 months. The proportion of lymphocytes, proportion and number of T- and B-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens were significantly lower in non-levamisole-treated patients than in the healthy controls (N = 18). Therapy with levamisole significantly augments the proportion of T lymphocytes, the number of T lymphocytes, NK cells, and the lymphocyte reactivity to concanavalin A (Con A). Depression of the NK cells and the lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens were much more pronounced in those patients who developed recurrences. Levamisole shortened the period of secondary immunodeficiency in immunocompromised children with brain tumor.
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PMID:Immunocompetent cells and lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens in levamisole-treated brain tumor children. 1040 70

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for some types of depression and psychotic disorders. Although ECT is considered effective and relatively safe, the treatment team must know how to deal with adverse effects. The American Psychiatric Association recognizes no absolute contraindication except brain tumor with increased intracranial pressure. However, patients who have other medical problems are at risk of complications. Optimizing the safety and efficacy of treatment is a goal when providing ECT. Muscle relaxants, barbiturate anesthesia, anticholinergic agents, and oxygenation are used to reduce the risk of complications. The use of ECT requires a knowledge of the effect of anesthetic agents on seizure activity. This article reviews ECT, anesthesia for ECT, and the effect of propofol and methohexital on seizure duration and seizure efficacy.
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PMID:AANA Journal course: update for nurse anesthetists--anesthetic management during electroconvulsive therapy: effects on seizure duration and antidepressant efficacy. 1048 82

The presence of brain tumor and increased intracranial pressure has long been considered an absolute contraindication to electroconvulsive therapy. Recently, however, the American Psychiatric Association Task Force Report questioned the absolute nature of this contraindication and recommended a detailed evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio and measures to decrease the risks involved in treatment of affected persons. After a careful review, electroconvulsive therapy was administered to a 61-year-old patient who had severe medication-resistant major depression and a left temporal anaplastic astrocytoma with brain edema. Special attention was given to reduce intracranial pressure and minimize neurologic side effects. A course of eight nondominant unilateral electroconvulsive therapy treatments improved the depression significantly, without serious complications at the 4-month follow-up examination. With appropriate modifications, electroconvulsive therapy may be considered a treatment option even in the presence of clinical evidence of increased intracranial pressure. Further studies are needed to assess and minimize risks of electroconvulsive therapy in association with brain tumor.
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PMID:ECT in the presence of brain tumor and increased intracranial pressure: evaluation and reduction of risk. 1086 29


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