Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Authors describe the various anomalies of the metabolism of tryptophan that are observed in various diseases. The oxidative pathway is most important of the metabolic pathway of the amino acid; the degredation of tryptophan is particularly influenced by steroid hormones and vitamins' want. The metabolic anomalies are demonstrable both in malignant tumors (mostly in bladder cancer and Hodgkin's disease), both during psychiatric diseases (such as depression and schizophrenia) and in the diseases of connective tissue in addition to congenital errors of the degradation of tryptophan (such as Hartnup's disease, tryptophanuria and 3-hydroxychinureninuria). The metabolic pictures are manifest after amino acid's in the diseases of connective tissue but are independent for clinical seriousness and, in any case, less significant than those observed in other pathological pictures, mostly in Hodgkin's disease. The existence of anomalies of tryptophan's metabolism is certainly shown in many diseases, however the true physiopathogenetic meaning of these metabolic alterations is not yet specified. Particularly it is not definite if these alterations are the cause of diseases, which they appear in, or if they are secondary alterations.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of changes in tryptophan metabolism]. 109 26

Intravesical alum irrigation is the safest and most effective method of treatment for intractable hematuria. Systemic absorption is reported to be minimal and there have been no reported deaths following its use. We describe an elderly man with compromised renal function (serum creatinine 420 mumol./l.) who was treated with 1% alum irrigation for 48 hours for hematuria due to inoperable bladder cancer. He received a total of 9.6 l. during 48 hours, which controlled the bleeding. After cessation of the alum he became lethargic, suffered respiratory depression and died the next day. Laboratory data showed mild metabolic acidosis and increasing daily aluminum levels that peaked at 7,014 nmol./l. (toxic greater than 2,000) beginning on the day after treatment was commenced. The efficacy and safety profile of alum irrigation is discussed.
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PMID:Aluminum toxicity and death following intravesical alum irrigation in a patient with renal impairment. 153 63

The phenotypic distribution and immune reactivity of T lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of 50 patients with urological cancer were determined. Included were 36 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 7 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 7 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Thirty-eight age-matched patients with benign urological disease served as controls. A depression in immune competence was found in the group of male patients with infiltrating bladder cancer. In more than 50% of the patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma, the T helper (CD4) subset was reduced with a concomitant inversion in the CD4/CD8 ratio and impairment in the T cell function as determined by the ability to proliferate upon phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin stimulation. Patients with superficial bladder carcinoma, as well as those with renal cell carcinoma had an immune profile similar to that of the control group. The group of patients with prostatic carcinoma had higher mean CD4/CD8 ratios than the control group, resulting from decreased suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Our results have indicated that the characterization of T cell subset and lymphocyte activity correlated well with the histopathologic state of patients with bladder carcinoma. Thus, the determination of the CD4/CD8 ratio may prove a valuable method for monitoring patients with bladder carcinoma, in addition to serial urine cytology, random urothelial biopsies and flow cytometry.
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PMID:T lymphocyte subsets and function in the peripheral blood of patients with urological cancer. 157 45

A bilingual conference was held in order to assist a Spanish-speaking patient and her physicians in planning for her care. The patient spoke only Spanish and her oncologists were primarily English-speaking. Her daughter, who was bilingual, did not attend the conference. One of the authors translated and served as interpreter and liaison between the patient and her other physicians. The patient was severely depressed and terminally ill with end-stage bladder cancer. Her depression and hopelessness complicated her care.
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PMID:Treatment decisions in end-stage bladder cancer. Bilingual liaison rounds. 171 82

From June 1986 to November 1989, 7 patients (pts.) with transitional bladder cancer were treated with CDDP 70 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and MTX 40 mg/m2 i.v. on days 8 and 15. The initial stage was T2 N0 M0 (2), T2 N0 M0 (8), T4 N0 M0 (4) and T3-4 N+ M0 (3). The median age was 56 years. After a median number of two cycles (1-5) of CDDP-MTX, 3/17 pts. (17.6%) had a complete remission (CM), 9/17 pts. (53%) a partial response (PR) greater than 50%, 4/17 pts. (23.4%) a PR less than 50%, 1/17 pts. (6%) a stable disease. Nausea and vomiting occurred in almost all pts., 20% of pts. had grade 3 stomatitis, 35% of pts. had diarrhoea, 20% of pts. had conjunctivitis, 7% of pts. had a bone marrow depression and hair loss. One patient had severe renal and liver toxicity and grade 4 bone marrow suppression with sepsis, completely controlled after intensive care. The treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was: radical cystectomy (11)- in one following radiotherapy -; partial resection + lymphoadenectomy (2); TUR (4) in 1 pt. with lymphoadenectomy. After a median follow-up of 28 months (6-36), 12/17, equivalent to 71% of pts. are disease free, 3/17 (17%) are alive with disease, 2/17 (12%) died. In conclusion the association of neoadjuvant CDDP-MTX can induce a high percentage of response, and can preserve bladder function in some patients. Further controlled trials and a longer follow-up are needed to better define the exact role of this combination in terms of disease free survival, total survival and quality of life.
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PMID:[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and methotrexate (MTX) in carcinoma of the bladder]. 214 9

Clinical study of UFT which was a mixture of FT and uracil, was conducted on 16 patients with urogenital malignancies. Seven patients had renal cell carcinoma, 5 patients had bladder cancer and 4 patients had prostatic cancer. UFT was continuously administrated at doses of 300 mg or 600 mg per day. One of the patients with renal cell carcinoma and 1 of the patients with bladder cancer showed a complete response, and 1 patient with each cancer showed a partial response, but none of the 4 patients with prostatic cancer responded. In total, complete or partial responses were obtained in 4 of the 16 patients, given an effective rate of 25.0%. Concerning side effects, 3 of the 16 patients complained of anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and stomatitis, but no hepatic or renal disorders, or marrow depression was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of UFT on urogenital tumors]. 642

Depressed T-lymphocyte function as assessed by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and in vitro proliferative response to mitogens is a characteristic finding in many types of solid tumors, including bladder carcinoma. Peripheral blood leukocytes from 16 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were compared with age-matched, control subjects. Both the unfractionated leukocytes containing 10 to 30% monocytes and the lymphocyte-enriched preparations, obtained by monocyte depletion with iron filing ingestion, were analyzed. Mixed leukocyte culture-induced cytotoxicity was depressed in the patient group; the amount of depression was directly correlated to the extent of the disease. In patients who underwent surgical removal of tumor, the mixed leukocyte culture-induced cytotoxicity appeared normal. This mixed leukocyte culture-generated cytotoxic response was a more sensitive indicator of tumor effect than was the induced proliferative response. Removal of phagocytic or adherent monocytes from the responding cell population caused a significant increase in the generated cytotoxicity, especially in those patients with invasive disease. These suppressive effects could be partially reconstituted by quantitative addition of the separated monocytes back to the responding lymphocyte culture. The depressed lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity present in these bladder cancer patients was due, in a major part, to a circulating macrophage-like cell with active suppressor function.
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PMID:Depression of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by macrophage-like suppressor cells in bladder carcinoma patients. 645 53

Using colony formation technique and KK-47 cell line established from a human bladder transitional cell carcinoma, the effect of 6 anticancer drugs, thio-TEPA, Bleomycin, mitomycin C, carbazilquinone, Adriamycin and cis-Platinum, were compared. On the results of tests performed to establish the drug concentration required to achive a 50% inhibition of cell survival, carbazilquinone was chosen for the prevention of recurrences of bladder cancer. The two groups studied consisted of 56 patients (previously untreated groups) who were rendered free of tumours by surgical intervention and of 19 patients (thio-TEPA failures group) who had experienced a persistent recurrence of tumours after prophylactic thio-TEPA instillations and were presumed free of the recurrence of tumours after the next surgical intervention. The 2 groups were subjected to prophylactic combined intravesical instillation therapy with carbazilquinone and urokinase. In the previously untreated group, 6 of the 56 patients (10.7%) had a recurrence of tumours, and the recurrence rate after 21 months was 16.7%, using the actuarial method. In the thio-TEPA failures group, 12 of the 19 patients (63.2%) had a recurrence of tumours, a rate at 21 months of 76.1%. A considerable drop in the recurrence rate was obtained by the combined instillation therapy in the previously untreated group. The results in the thio-TEPA failures group suggested the presence of a cross-resistance between both alkylating agents, and of a persistent susceptibility to multifocal lesions. No bone marrow depression was observed but an episode of anaphylactic shock attributable to the use of carbazilquinone occurred in 1 out of a total 75 patients.
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PMID:Anticancer drug sensitivity in vitro in the bladder cancer cell line, KK-47 and prophylactic use of carbazilquinone and urokinase in bladder cancer. 702 55

The authors studied 24 patients affected by anaplastic gliomas, as regards immunology. In all of them the authors evaluated the lymphocyte subpopulation (B and T), firstly by simple lymphocyte count, secondly by studying the rosettes E-total and EAC, thirdly by stimulating the lymphocytes with mitogens phyto-haemoagglutinin-P (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and lastly by counting the release of Cr51 in Chang liver cells culture in order to obtain antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The parameters were also evaluated after surgery and during conventional radio-chemotherapy with BCNU. Whereas the so-called B-pool seems to be unaffected, the preliminary results show that the T-pool (identified by the E-t rosettes and by responses to PHA, PWM, and ConA) is depressed to a statistically significant degree, if compared with a control group. This depression seems to be related to the tumoral mass, and it is not increased by radio-chemotherapy. In addition, ADCC also seems to be depressed in our glioma patients in comparison with a control group and witha group of bladder cancer patients.
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PMID:Immunological monitoring of patients affected by anaplastic glioma concerning in effects of surgery, radio-, and chemotherapy. A preliminary report. 705 3

Therapeutic and preventive effects have been analysed for 84 patients with superficial bladder cancer treated with BCG vaccine. The degree of cell infiltration of the tumor stroma served as a criterion of treatment efficacy and prognosis of recurrence. This degree diminished with augmentation of morphological changes this indicating depression of immunity while tumor formation and increased directly in BCG immunotherapy. In the absence of cell infiltration in response to immunotherapy recurrences become more likely. Preventive and therapeutic use of BCG vaccine in patients with surface tumors of the bladder reduced the number of recurrences 3.6-fold.
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PMID:[The immunotherapy of bladder tumors and the immunoprophylaxis of disease recurrence]. 865 34


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