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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors compared 65 patients with major depression and psychotic features to 192 patients with major depression and no psychotic features in terms of clinical features, family history, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function. In accord with other studies, patients with psychotic depression were more likely to have bipolar depression, psychomotor disturbance, a family history of schizophrenia, and a more severely disordered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Whether psychotic depression is best considered apart from nonpsychotic depression or as simply a more severe form of depression remains unsettled. Nevertheless, research to date does give the diagnosis of psychotic depression a practical significance which is enhanced by its simplicity.
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PMID:The clinical and neuroendocrine features of psychotic depression. 647 Jun 94

Levels of urinary neopterin and biopterin were determined in patients having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, unipolar depression, or bipolar depression. Both neopterin and biopterin levels were significantly higher in the urine of patients with unipolar depression than in the urine of the control group. Subclassification of patients into primary and secondary depression demonstrated a significant elevation of urinary biopterin in both groups, whereas urinary neopterin was elevated only in those patients with primary depression. In patients with bipolar depression, neopterin excretion was elevated, but biopterin excretion did not differ from controls. No significant differences were found in schizophrenic patients.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of biopterin and neopterin in psychiatric disorders. 658 38

Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher after administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 200 mg orally, in unmedicated patients with affective disorders than in controls. The magnitude of the serum cortisol increase correlated positively with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Change (SADS-C) depression syndrome ratings and correlated negatively with psychotic symptoms in 26 patients with major depression. The serum cortisol response was greater in four depressed and three manic patients who made suicide attempts than in 33 patients who were not suicidal or only had suicidal thoughts. The cortisol response was also greater in patients with bipolar depression than in those with unipolar depression and those with a first-degree relative with an affective disorder. Absence of psychotic symptoms and commission of suicidal acts were associated with an increased cortisol response to 5-HTP in the depressed patients. The cortisol response to 5-HTP in the manic patients also tended to correlate with the SADS-C manic syndrome score.
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PMID:Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on serum cortisol levels in major affective disorders. II. Relation to suicide, psychosis, and depressive symptoms. 660 36

Regional cerebral blood flow is an index of cerebral metabolism. We have studied with the Xenon 113 inhalation method, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with various types of depression and in remission. A left frontal hypervascularisation and a right posterior hypovascularisation have been found in primary major depression, but not in minor depression and bipolar depression in remission. These results confirm and complete results from other authors who have studied the physiopathology of depression with other technics.
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PMID:[Cerebral blood flow and depression]. 674 95

In a study of 80 patients who received 164 treatments with sleep deprivation, the following questions were addressed: Do depressive patients of different subgroups respond differently to sleep deprivation? what complications arise? does the same patient react in the same way to multiple treatments? are there differences between responders and nonresponders? Results indicate that: (1) Endogenous depressions (unipolar, bipolar, and involutional) and psychotic depressions in schizophrenic patients improve significantly the day after sleep deprivation. However, on the second day, after a night's recovery sleep, a significant improvement occurs in neurotic depressives, whereas the endogenous and psychotic depressions worsen again. (2) Schizophrenic patients with a postpsychotic depression respond as well to sleep deprivation as patients with bipolar depression. (3) Complications arise very rarely in sleep deprivation therapy. (4) Patients in all the diagnostic categories studied can respond very differently to multiple treatments with sleep deprivation. (5) Responders and nonresponders do not differ in age, sex, or psychopathological state before sleep deprivation, and psychotropic drugs have no apparent effect on the therapeutic response.
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PMID:Effects of sleep deprivation on depressed patients of different nosological groups. 694 10

Fifty-nine anergically depressed patients were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with either tranylcypromine or placebo. Anergic major depression most typically occurs in primary bipolar and in pseudounipolar affective illnesses. We hypothesized that tranylcypromine would be a highly effective and rapid treatment for depressions of this type. Results of repeated measures analyses of variance showed superiority of active drug over placebo by the end of the first week, and this improvement increased in significance at each successive visit. Improvement on tranylcypromine after week 1 was greater than that on placebo after week 6. Analysis of covariance of week 6 scores (corrected for week 0 scores) showed significantly greater improvement for tranylcypromine patients on all measures of depressive symptomatology. Tranylcypromine is a rapid, relatively safe, and dramatically effective treatment for anergic depression. Since 24 of 29 of the bipolar subjects had previously failed to respond to tricyclics and since bipolar depression is usually anergic, tranylcypromine should be compared to imipramine to determine the antidepressant of choice for manic-depressive illness.
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PMID:A double-blind study of tranylcypromine treatment of major anergic depression. 705 Mar 2

The authors examine the classification of depressive disorders with an empirically and mathematically based method, cluster analysis. In a sample of 228 patients from the NIMH Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression, clusters were generated by using crossectional symptoms; course of illness, family history, and treatment variables were used as independent variables to evaluate the validity of the clusters. The four clusters identified correspond roughly to severe depressions with endogenous features, less severe depressions, bipolar depression with cycling within the episode, and psychotic depressions. This study supports the Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III approaches to the classification of depressive disorders.
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PMID:The classification of depression: traditional versus mathematical approaches. 705 76

This research is part of the NIMH--CRB Collaborative Study on the psychobiology of depression. The main objective of the research programme is to test hypotheses concerning the interaction of neurobiological mechanisms and behaviour in the depressive disorders. Part I of the report describes the rationale and the overall approach to measuring behavioural state and outcome in the research programme. Part II reports on the results of applying the behavioural methods to a comparison of the clinical phenomenology of unipolar and bipolar depression. The behavioural patterns expressed during the episode by the two groups are different. Further, the two types are shown to react differently to treatment with tricyclic drugs, reinforcing the thesis that they are qualitatively distinct forms of the depressive disorders.
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PMID:Behavioural measurement and drug response characteristics of unipolar and bipolar depression. 707 31

The term atypical depression generally indicates either depression accompanied by severe anxiety (type A) or by atypical vegetative symptoms, ie, increased appetite, weight, sleep, or libido (type V). Early age at onset, predominance in women, outpatient status, mild intensity, rarity of attempted suicide, nonbipolarity, nonendogenicity, and minimal psychomotor change are common to both types. Some types of bipolar depression may be considered as atypical if accompanied by reversed vegetative change. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are more effective than placebo in treating atypical depression, but their reported superiority to tricyclic antidepressants awaits confirmation, for which the development of appropriate operational criteria would be helpful. Atypical depression is a term that covers several types of depressive disorder and can, for the most part, be better defined using the standard nomenclature.
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PMID:Atypical depression. 709 86

Serum cortisol response to the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test was studied in 221 depressed patients and 109 nondepressed psychiatric controls. Nonsuppression distinguished patients with primary unipolar depression (65/146) from patients with secondary unipolar depression (0/42) and nondepressed controls (0/109). Furthermore, nonsuppression distinguished the three familial subtypes of primary unipolar depressive illness: familial pure depressive disease (FPDD; 38/50 patients), sporadic depressive disease (SDD; 24/55 patients), and depression spectrum disease (3/41 patients). Moderate elevations in baseline serum cortisol levels were found in FPDD, SDD, and bipolar depression. Medication did not affect the results. The data suggest that the depressive syndrome is composed of separate illnesses, each of which has a distinctive pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity during the depressed state as well as a specific clinical and familial psychiatric history.
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PMID:Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depressive illness. Its relationship to classification. 739 53


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