Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biosynthesis of endogenous pyrimidines was investigated in 37 patients with anxiety, anxious-depressive, depressive and hypochondriac syndromes emerging in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis against a control group of healthy subjects (n-20) andopiate abusers (n-10). It was found that depressive and anxiety states in the examinees were associated with inhibition of endogenous pyrimidines synthesis likely to result in abnormal depression and anxiety levels.
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PMID:[Biosynthesis of biogenic pyrimidines in anxiety and depressive states of different etiologies]. 165 Jan 3

The relationship between bipolar disorder and chromosome 11 markers remains uncertain. Whilst re-analysis of the Amish pedigree weakened previous evidence for close linkage (but could not exclude the possibility of genetic heterogeneity), a recent French study has found a significant association between this condition and tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphisms. We aimed to determine if bipolar disorder in two large Australian pedigrees (of Irish and English extraction respectively) was linked to these markers. Of the 84 family members available for testing, nine were diagnosed as bipolar I, one as bipolar II and six had recurrent unipolar depression. Linkage of bipolar disorder and recurrent depression to the chromosome 11p15 markers c-Harvey ras, insulin and tyrosine hydroxylase was tested using a series of genetic models with varying penetrance levels. Additionally, linkage was examined using a series of levels of definitions of affective status (ranging from bipolar I alone to all affective illnesses). Close linkage to these markers was strongly excluded using each model and definition. The findings also persisted when a wide range of rates of 'sporadic' (non-genetic) presentations of illness were incorporated in the analysis. These results are consistent with other recent studies indicating that bipolar disorder is not linked to chromosomal region 11p15.
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PMID:Close linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 11 markers is excluded in two large Australian pedigrees. 167 74

The application of molecular genetics to the study of mental disorders has begun in earnest. Most of the initial interest has focused on the functional psychoses as these common and debilitating disorders have long been known to have a significant genetic component. A number of groups have now reported data from RFLP linkage studies of both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (manic-depression). Unfortunately the results are already conflicting with early findings of linkage unconfirmed by subsequent studies.
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PMID:Molecular genetic studies of manic-depression and schizophrenia. 168 72

Psychotropic drug-free hospitalized veterans with nonseasonal major depressive disorders or depressed forms of bipolar disorder were treated with light for 1 week. Twenty-five patients were randomly assigned to bright white light treatment (2000-3000 lux), and 26 patients were randomized to dim red light placebo control treatment. Unlike those treated with dim red light, those treated with bright white light showed declines in three measures of depression during treatment. Partial relapse appeared within 2 days. A global depression score showed a statistically significant (p = 0.02) difference favoring bright white light treatment. Two bright-light-treated patients became mildly hypomanic, but side effects were mild. Improvement was not correlated with patient expectations; indeed, patients expected somewhat greater benefit from the placebo. Patients treated in summer responded as well as those treated in winter. Baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep stage data (e.g., rapid eye movement; REM latency) did not predict treatment responses. These 1-week treatment results suggest that bright light might produce benefits for patients with nonseasonal depression. Bright light should not be recommended for routine clinical application before additional assessments with longer treatment durations are done.
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PMID:Controlled trial of bright light for nonseasonal major depressive disorders. 173 74

Discriminant and canonical variate analyses were performed using 302 patients, on whom ratings of lifetime psychopathology and course of illness has been made. DSM-III diagnoses were used to form the criterion groups. Bipolar disorder emerged as a distinct grouping, but there are reasons for dissatisfaction with its definition. The remaining patients formed a 'schizodepressive continuum', but this also had a tendency to bimodality. It is possible that the distinction between schizophrenia and depression was obscured by inadequacies in the data and the inclusion of excessive numbers of patients with schizoaffective depression in this study.
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PMID:Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. A discriminant analysis, using 'lifetime' psychopathology ratings. 175 57

The effect of stressful events on depression has been amply demonstrated, but the opposite relation is also important. I examined event occurrence over 1 year in 14 women with unipolar depression who were compared with demographically matched groups of women with bipolar disorder (n = 11), chronic medical illness (n = 13), or no illness or disorder (n = 22). Interview assessments of life events, severity, and independence of occurrence confirmed the hypothesis that unipolar women were exposed to more stress than the normal women, had significantly more interpersonal event stress than all others, and tended to have more dependent events than the others. The implication is that unipolar women by their symptoms, behaviors, characteristics, and social context generate stressful conditions, primarily interpersonal, that have the potential for contributing to the cycle of symptoms and stress that create chronic or intermittent depression.
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PMID:Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. 175 69

Units which specialise in the treatment of affective (mood) disorders are gaining popularity in Australia and overseas. This paper examines the history, role and function of these units with particular reference to their benefits and disadvantages. Specialised units can offer advantages in the assessment and management of depression and bipolar illness, as well as being centres for research and education. Further research into their effectiveness is needed to enable their rational integration into existing psychiatric services.
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PMID:The role of specialised units in the treatment of affective disorders. 179 19

The study aimed to establish prognostic considerations for the course of bipolar affective disorder from its onset till first manic phase in persons in whom depression was that first clinical phase of the disorder. Studied group comprised of 80 patients (34 males and 46 females) with the disorder lasting for 11 to 50 years. Within the evaluated period as positive prognostic factors were identified an early onset of the disorder (before 30 years of age), a short (lasting less than 3 months) first depressed phase and a long (above 5 years) first remission. In women and in persons who had lost their parents before 14 years of age the course of disorder was more severe as indicated by duration and frequency of depressed phases. The time of duration of the disorder until the first manic phase was not influenced by pharmacotherapy. Both, treated and untreated depressions more frequently ended with remission (77% of episodes) than switch to mania (23% of episodes). Perris' criterion for diagnosis of unipolar affective disorder has rather limited value since in almost half of the studied individuals a risk of occurrence of a manic phase following three successive depressed phases still existed and diagnosis was still an open question.
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PMID:[The course of bipolar disorder before the manifestation of the first manic stage]. 182 81

The effects of antidepressant drugs on phase switching was studied in 602 individuals treated for endogenous depression. Altogether 869 depressed phases were evaluated retrospectively--there were 470 depressed phases in the course of bipolar affective disorder and 399 of unipolar disorder or with the undefined course. Switching from depression to mania was observed in patients with bipolar disorder--in 27.9% of cases of bipolar depression and in 21.5% of bipolar patients. Most frequently the switching was observed during management of depressed phase with amitriptyline (24.4% of treatments with this drug). The results point to a role of cholinergic system in pathophysiology of switching out of depression into mania during treatment with antidepressant drug.
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PMID:[Transition from the depressive stage to the manic stage during the treatment with antidepressive drugs]. 182 82

Studies conducted on a group of 38 patients with endogenous depression demonstrated that a reaction to sleep-deprivation presenting as improved well-being has a significant predictive potential for treatment with imipramine. Patients who displayed the reaction also significantly more frequently displayed improvement of clinical course (remission; good response). Risk of switching from depression to mania also increased among these patients. Patients responding to sleep-deprivation with improved well-being belonged mainly to the bipolar affective disorder. Neither clinical manifestations of depression, nor the number of relapses, nor the duration period of the disorder, nor basic demographic patterns did show distinct features; nor did they differ significantly from patients who did not respond to sleep-deprivation with improved well-being.
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PMID:[Reaction to sleep deprivation as a prognostic factor in the treatment of endogenous depression]. 182 84


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