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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the study was to determine the functional status of older persons with chronic mental illness. One hundred subjects living in their homes were interviewed in face-to-face interviews using the Older Adult Resources Survey (OARS) to determine functioning in five areas: social, economic, mental, physical, and activities of daily living. Pearson product moment correlation showed significant relationships among all functional scores. Twenty-nine percent of the total sample had social relationships of poor quality. Thirty-five percent of subjects had severe economic impairment. The majority (53%) of subjects had psychiatric symptoms. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was depression (42%), followed by schizophrenia (22%), and bipolar illness (13%). Twenty-nine percent of subjects had a serious medical problem that required medical treatment. Cardiovascular diseases were the most frequently reported (92%), followed by arthritis (45%) and urinary tract disorders (19%). All subjects perceived that their physical health had deteriorated over the 5 years. Polypharmacy and drug misuse were common among the sample. A mean of four prescribed drugs was taken daily over the past month. Psychotropic (83%), antihypertensive (32%), and cardiac (20%) medications were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Twenty-five percent of the sample regularly required assistance with at least four activities of daily living.
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PMID:Functional status of older persons with chronic mental illness living in a home setting. 159 17

Recent Epidemiologic Catchment area studies found the prevalence of major depression to be only about 1% in community-dwelling elders; other less severe depressive disorders, however, may be present in over 25% of this population. Furthermore, at least 8000 persons over age 60 commit suicide each year, making up nearly one quarter of the total number reported, a rate much higher than expected given the proportion of elderly in the US population. Bipolar disorder, on the other hand, is much less common than unipolar depression at a rate of about 0.1% in the community; in nursing homes, however, as many as 10% of residents may have this condition. Sociodemographic correlates of depression in late life include female sex, divorced or separated marital status, low income or educational level, inadequate social support, and recent negative and unexpected life events. In particular, physical health has a major impact on mood and well-being; consequently, rates of major depressive disorder in elders hospitalized with medical illness are over 10 times that reported in the community.
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PMID:Epidemiology of geriatric affective disorders. 160 Apr 75

Recurrent brief depression is now recognised separately in the international classification of diseases (ICD 10). The disorder is characterised by short severe bouts of depression which recur frequently but erratically. In our series of patients the median duration of the depression is 3 days, with two thirds lasting between 2 and 4 days. The severity is often marked with a mean MADRS score of 30, and the episodes recurred 20 times a year. The disorder is easily separated from major depression which lasts 2 weeks or more, although, there is an unfortunate overlap group with major depression superimposed on the recurrent brief pattern. Those with "combined depression" have a higher suicide attempt rate. There should be little overlap with dysthymia since on average only 20% of the time is spent depressed, whereas dysthymia requires a minimum of 50%. However, in practice the qualification of the time spent depressed is imprecise in dysthymia so there is potential for misdiagnosis. There is little overlap with bipolar illness. In our series with follow up of up to 15 years, the conversion rate to bipolar illness is low at 3%. Almost all of these were found to have combined depression, which suggests that the rate for pure recurrent brief depression is very low. These data suggest that pure recurrent brief depression is a unipolar depressive illness.
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PMID:Brief unipolar depressions: is there a bipolar component? 160 Sep 3

German language psychiatry has had and still has much difficulty in getting rid of the dichotomy of endogenous psychosis as set by Kraepelin. The concept which makes a distinction between schizophrenic psychosis and manic-depressive psychosis grants the former a predominant position by applying Jasper's hierarchic rule: the presence of symptoms regarded as schizophrenic indubitably attributes the disorder to schizophrenia. Such classification, however, does not necessarily imply that schizophrenia and cyclothymia (word proposed by K. Schneider for manic-depressive psychosis) represent separate nosological entities. It is admitted that it is possible for each group to include diseases whose hereditary transmission is not necessarily due to the same genetic predisposition. Thus, German language psychiatry has well accepted the possibility that bipolar manic-depressive psychosis and unipolar depressions represent separate etiologies. For most German-speaking psychiatrists, however, the distinction between endogenous and psychogenic depressions still remains a current assumption. The distinction between these two types of depression is generally made with reference to an "endogenous item profile" or to a depressive endogenomorphous axial syndrome. Only a few authors have accepted the model of continuity between these two types of depression proposed by the London school. The Hamburg school gave a new dimension to the conceptualization of manic-depressive psychosis by drawing attention on the existence of "rapidly alternating mixed states" which are much more common than the stable mixed conditions described by Kraepelin. On the basis of this concept and by questioning the validity of Jaspers' hierarchic rule, the Vienna school has considerably extended the limits of affectives psychosis to the detriment of the wide concept of schizophrenia described by K. Schneider.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Development of the manic-depressive concept in German language psychiatry]. 160 Sep 5

The behavioral manifestations associated with MS include both cognitive and emotional disturbances. Overall intellect is slightly affected in about half of patients, and 20% to 33% demonstrate more severe impairments. Memory disturbances are particularly common, and retrieval function is especially affected. Difficulties with concept formation and other executive functions can be subtle yet have significant impact on daily living. Depression is frequent in MS, sometimes despite an outward euphoria that is more prevalent with advancing disease. Psychosis occurs rarely, but bipolar disorder is more frequent than in the general population. MS may be associated with a variety of personality changes, but it is impossible to generalize about this or to identify an "MS personality." Disturbances of emotional control are relatively frequent. Comprehensive management of these problems uses multiple modalities including good neurologic care, cognitive rehabilitation, counseling and support groups, and pharmacotherapy.
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PMID:Behavioral manifestations associated with multiple sclerosis. 160 34

This article describes the rationale, aims, and methodology of an epidemiological study of psychosis being conducted in Suffolk County, New York. A sample of first-admission patients is drawn from 10 inpatient and 25 outpatient facilities. Diagnostic psychosocial interviews are conducted shortly after admission to treatment, and at 6- and 24-month followup. Consensus diagnoses are made after each interview. Demographic and clinical background characteristics of the first 250 subjects enrolled over a 2-year period are presented here. The response rate was 76 percent. Based on the initial interview, 75 percent of subjects received a diagnosis involving psychosis. The three most common diagnoses were schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychotic features, and major depression with psychotic features. Among subjects with psychosis, 58 percent of males and 29 percent of females had a history of substance abuse/dependence. Gender differences were found on several background and clinical characteristics. Males were somewhat younger, less likely to have ever married, and had less education. Although the median length of hospitalization was the same for females and males (27 days), females were more likely to be hospitalized within 1 month of the occurrence of their first psychotic symptom (60% of females compared to 37% of males). Subjects with schizophrenia-related disorders were significantly more impaired on an assessment of negative symptoms than were affectively ill subjects, but clinical ratings of depression were not significantly different across diagnostic groups.
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PMID:The epidemiology of psychosis: the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. 162 Oct 71

The authors report the clinical histories of two adults with profound mental retardation, features of rapid cycling bipolar disorder, and periodic maladaptive behaviour. In each case, primary features of mania and depression were identified, operationally defined and measured with an ongoing data system, which was used to track SIB and aggression. In the first case, data analysis across days showed that 1-week episodes of depressive features alternated with 2-week episodes of manic features and that SIB was only associated with the depressive features. In the second case, episodes of manic and depressive features alternated every few days, and aggression was only associated with the manic features. These cases suggest that severe behaviour problems can be a state-dependent phenomenon of bipolar disorder. The behaviour monitoring system provided an objective methodology for aiding in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder with profoundly handicapped adults.
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PMID:Severe behaviour problems associated with rapid cycling bipolar disorder in two adults with profound mental retardation. 162 16

The authors systematically interviewed 88 bariatric clinic patients presenting for vertical banded gastroplasty. The typical subject was middle-aged, female and of low socioeconomic status as indicated by his or her method of payment. Morbidly obese subjects were more likely than a comparison group to have first-degree relatives with a history of depression, bipolar disorder, antisocial personality, and other psychiatric disorders. These data indicate that relatives of morbidly obese subjects are frequently emotionally disturbed. Reasons for the findings are discussed.
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PMID:Depression and other mental disorders in the relatives of morbidly obese patients. 164 91

Although it is now more than 30 years since Leohard originally proposed the distinction between bipolar and monopolar (unipolar) forms of affective disorder, there have been relatively few studies which have investigated clinical features which may differentiate the depressed phase of bipolar disorder from unipolar depression. In this study we examined the value of a new scale for rating depressive mental state signs (the 'core' score system), and a large series of symptoms and risk factors, in distinguishing between 27 age and sex-matched pairs of bipolar and unipolar patients diagnosed as melancholic on several diagnostic criteria. In general, we found a marked similarity between the groups on clinical features of the depressive episode when allowance was made for multiple tests. Bipolar patients, however, had shorter episodes of depression and were less likely to demonstrate 'slowed movements' than unipolar subjects. There were also consistent trends on other items for psychomotor retardation to be less common and agitation to be more likely in the bipolar patients. At the least, these findings suggest that the widely-held belief that bipolar depressed patients typically have psychomotor retardation is not as clear-cut as has been previously described.
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PMID:Are there any differences between bipolar and unipolar melancholia? 164 92

The author provides the results of a clinicopsychological examination of time perception and surviving by 58 depressive patients with manic-depressive psychosis (MDP) and attack-like schizophrenia. The time surviving and counting off were done in the three clinical variants of depression: hypochondriacal, agitated and apathetic. The surviving of time violation was regarded in the structure of depersonalization disorders, particularly "Ego" stability in time as well as bearing in mind the duration, sequence, localization, rate, tempo and rhythm of the events and emotional experience. The most pronounced and diverse disorders of time surviving were recorded in hypochondriacal depression of MDP, less remarkable and latent in apathetic depression within the framework of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Time perception by patients with depression in manic-depressive psychosis and recurrent schizophrenia]. 164 90


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