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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of the heredity and exogenic factors in 340 patients with manic-depressive psychosis makes it possible to draw a conclusion that the disorder is polyetiological. In a bipolar development there is mainly a hereditary loading and organic noxious factors, in a monopolar depression--exhaustive factors. The assumption of an existence of 2 independent psychoses (bipolar and monopolar) which was made by several foreign authors was not confirmed.
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PMID:[Pathogenetic mechanisms and classification of manic-depressive psychosis]. 94 62

A study of sleep deprivation therapy was made in 62 females and 15 males, aged 20-72, with monopolar (60 patients) and bipolar (17 patients) types of manic-depressive psychosis. Of these patients, 30 had suffered only the current depression, 29 a maximum of five depressions, and 18 more than five depressions before the sleep deprivation therapy. Twenty-five patients had been treated with antidepressant drugs for less than 10 days, 12 patients for 10-24 days, and 36 patients for more than 24 days. Twenty-four patients were treated with one sleep deprivation, 29 patients with one sleep deprivations per week (average 1.59), and 24 patients with two sleep deprivations per week (average 2.5). The effect of the sleep deprivation therapy was evaluated clinically and by means of Cronholm-Ottosson's rating scale. The effect was found good and lasting in 29%, good but temporary in 38%, and poor in 32% of the cases. The best results were achieved with twice-weekly treatments, the poorest results with once-weekly treatment. The results were equal in monopolar and bipolar cases and were independent of the number of previous depressions as well as antidepressant drug treatment. No side effects have been observed, in particular no conversion to mania. The results of the present investigation indicate that depression and sleep disturbances are symptoms produced by a common factor which, however, it as yet unknown. Sleep deprivation therapy is seen to have at least some effect on all cases of endogenous depression. Sleep deprivation therapy has no side effects and is more quick-acting than any other treatment procedure hitherto known. It should therefore be considered the first treatment offer to all endogenously depressed patients in whom immediate ECT is not necessitated.
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PMID:Sleep deprivation therapy in depression. 97 Jan 95

Eighty-five cases of atypical schizophrenia were compared with 200 of schizophrenia, 100 of bipolar (mania), and 225 of unipolar (depression) affective disorder. Comparisons were made on the basis of sex, age at admission, precipitating factors, outcome, and a family history of schizophrenia or of affective disorder. The atypical schizophrenia differed remarkably from the schizophrenia and most closely resembled the bipolar affective disorder when allowance was made for a younger age at onset and a higher frequency of precipitants. An analysis of symptoms verified the predominance of schizophrenic features in the atypical schizophrenia, but also showed a high percentage (80%) of patients who had one or more manic symptoms at index admission. It is concluded that great care should be taken in diagnosing schizophrenia in a patient who also has manic symptoms.
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PMID:A study of "atypical schizophrenia". Comparison with schizophrenia and affective disorder by sex, age of admission, precipitant, outcome, and family history. 97 Oct 26

Antinuclear factor (ANF) was present in the serum of about 30% of 53 patients newly admitted to the psychiatric hospital because of mental depression. Clinically, ANF-positive depression closely resembles manic-depressive psychosis but tends to be more resistant to treatment. It is suggested that ANF-positive depression may be a quite distinctive disease.
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PMID:Antinuclear factor-positive mental depression: a single disease entity? 108 54

The efficacy of lithium carbonate as a prophylactic drug against depression in bipolar manic depressive patients was assessed through a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients who had histories of recurrent depressions and hypomanias ("bipolar II"). The results revealed that treatment with lithium carbonate resulted in a reduction in the frequency of depressive attacks was observed with lithium carbonate treatment during the study (mean length of study, approximately 16 months), although there was a suggestion that the depressive attacks that occurred during treatment with lithium carbonate might be less severe than with placebo treatment.
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PMID:Lithium carbonate and affective disorders. V: A double-blind study of prophylaxis of depression in bipolar illness. 110 32

On the basis of a material from a cumulative registration of the psychiatric morbidity in a geographically delimited population group - the County of Aarhus with approximately 175,000 inhabitants over the age of 15 years - the frequency of depressive syndromes in psychiatric and other medical services was investigated. The material fulfils the following criteria: During the calendar years 1960 to 1964, the patients 1) were residents in the County of Aarhus, 2) had attained the age of 15 years or more, 3) had contacted at least one of the services which systematically sent information to the psychiatric register; and 4) based on an evaluation of all available data, had a main diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis, psychogenic depression or neurotic depression. An average yearly registration rate of 1.30 per 1,000 men and 3.28 per 1,000 women was found (males: manic-depressive psychosis 0.60, psychogenic depression 0.23 and neurotic depression 0.47; females: manic-depressive psychosis 1.00, psychogenic depression 0.88 and neurotic depression 1.40). The three diagnostic groups show differences in age distribution, geographical pattern and distribution by marital status.
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PMID:Incidence of depressive syndromes in a Danish county. The Aarhus County investigation. 111 23

Both in periodic catatonia and in manic-depressive disorders sudden switches occur in behavior, in the autonomic nervous system and in the catecholamine metabolism during the transition from interval or depression into catatonia or mania. Both the manic and the catatonic attacks seem to be superimposed on the basic depressive or schizophrenic illnesses. The attacks can be counteracted or suppressed by psychotropic drugs such as alpha-methyldopa, disulfiram, reserpine, haloperidol or chloropromazine which interfere with the catecholamine metabolism or their receptor sites. The involvement of the catecholamines may however be secondary to primary defects in the thyroid, the hypothalamus or the limbic system. The strict periodicity in periodic catatonia points to an accumulation of some active metabolite which may be produced centrally during the interval. At a certain level it may trigger the switch-mechanism and then be reduced during the catatonic phase. In periodic catatonia both the basic schizophrenic disease as well as the periodic manifestations are compensated by thyroxine-thyroid treatment.
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PMID:The switch mechanism in periodic catatonia and manic-depressive disorder. 122 77

A clinical trial on fifty patients studied a new compound with a quadricyclic structure, Ciba 34.276-Ba or Maprotiline in any category of depression. The product was found to have notable antidepressive properties, capable to act on the melancholic depressions of the manic depressive psychosis and of involutive melancholia. The best results were noted in the neurotic and reactive depressions perhaps because a tranquilizing activity marked in the majority of the cases. The clinical tolerance was found good and the side effects which reminded of those caused by derivates of Imipramine, remained moderate while the biological tolerance was perfect. The modifications of the electroencephalogram were of two types, one of them suggesting thymoanaleptic activity, the other suggesting rather a sedative activity.
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PMID:[Clinical and electroencephalographic study of a new antidepressive agent, mono-methyl-amino-propyl-dibenzo-bicyclo-octadine hydrochloride (Ciba 34, 276 Ba)]. 122 22

To characterize siucidal behavior among hospitalized medical and surgical patients, all suicide attempts in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital were surveyed for seven years. Seventeen attempts occurred, non of them fatal. Only four patients were seriously ill, two with neoplasia. All the attempts were impulsive and were associated with stress and disturbances of impulse control. Anger, not depression, was the effect most often seen before the attempts. In all cases the precipitating stress was loss of emotional support. However, patient vulnerability to suicide seemed to be the key determinant. Fifteen patients had mental disorders, including eight with personality disorders, three with schizophrenia, three with organic brain syndromes, and one with manic depressive psychosis. Seven were psychotic, and six had made prior suicide attempts. These findings suggest that the characteristics of impulsive suicide should be considered when a suicide prevention program is being developed for a general hospital.
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PMID:Suicide attempts by hospitalized medical and surgical patients. 124 68

A review of clinical experience with 163 patients with primary affective disorder indicates that patients with a history characterized by recurrent depression interspersed with periods of hypomania (bipolar II) may have clinical courses that are distinguishable from bipolar I (depression with histories of mania) or unipolar patients. A prior history of suicide attempt and suicide after discharge from the research unit were most frequent among bipolar II patients. The family histories of bipolar I and bipolar II patients revealed similarly increased morbid risks for bipolar illness, whereas no bipolar illness was found in the first-degree relatives of unipolar patients. The suggestion that patients classified as bipolar II be separately considered in future studies of affective disorder is discussed.
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PMID:Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness. 126 75


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