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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine randomly selected women who received hysterectomy for reasons other than cancer were studied preoperatively with systematic interviews and record reviews, and were diagnosed using the explicit criteria of Feighner, et al. Fifty-seven percent were found to be psychiatrically ill, with 27% suffering from hysteria (Briquet's Syndrome), and 18% from primary depression. Recently some investigators have attributed a "post-hysterectomy syndrome" characterized by multiple psychologic and somatic symptoms to the surgery itself. However, a high pre-operative prevalence of psychiatric illness, particularly hysteria, must be considered when evaluating symptoms in a post-hysterectomy population.
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PMID:Psychiatric illness and non-cancer hysterectomy. 59 58

After exposure to a low and high dose dexamethasone regime, 11 of 34 acute psychiatric inpatients demonstrated abnormal dexamethasone suppression characterized by morning and/or mid-afternoon escape from suppression. This abnormality of suppression was found in primary depression, in mania, and in acute schizophrenia. In primary depression, the presence of abnormal dexamethasone suppression failed to discriminate "endogenous" depressed from "other depressed" subjects. Because nonsuppression to a high dose of dexamethasone is also found in patients with ectopic ACTH secretion and in patients with autonomous adrenal tumors, caution is necessary in the interpretation of nonsuppression which persists after recovery from psychiatric illness. As patients with Cushing's syndrome of uncertain etiology may be referred to a psychiatrist for a diagnostic evaluation, the psychological correlates of abnormal dexamethasone suppression need to be established with greater certainty.
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PMID:A two-dose dexamethasone suppression test in patients with psychiatric illness. 59 3

This paper discusses the magnitude of the effect of life events in the causation of psychiatric illness. It is argued that an established epidemiological concept, relative risk, provides a useful measure of association which can be approximately adapted for retrospective controlled studies. Examination of studies employing general population controls consistently indicates effects of some importance, with risks of illness increased by factors of between 2 and 7 in the 6 months after an event. Risks are greater for the more stressful types of events, greater for depression and neuroses than schizophrenia, and even greater for suicide attempts. However, similar events occur commonly and a large proportion of event occurrences are not followed by illness. Events must interact with a wide variety of background factors, and the appropriate model is one of multifactorial causation.
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PMID:Contribution of life events to causation of psychiatric illness. 65 98

IN ORDER THAT ASIAN AMERICANS BE MORE ADEQUATELY PROVIDED WITH MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO: (1) have a thorough educational campaign over a long period of time to help Asians overcome their negative prejudices against mental illness, (2) devise culturally relevant diagnostic techniques, and (3) have treatment consonant with the cultural backgrounds of the patients and befitting the role expectations of the patients. It is likely that even with an excellent educational campaign, appropriate diagnoses, and culturally sensitive treatment methods, the first patients we will see will be those most seriously and chronically disturbed, probably when the family feels no longer able to cope with their psychotic behavior. We hope that subsequently, through the educational campaign and also through the outreach efforts of the Asian Mental Health Clinic, Asian Americans who are not psychotic but who want relief from psychosomatic symptoms, tension, depression, or help with family or marital problems will apply.
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PMID:Therapy for Asian Americans. 70 61

The case records of 38 patients operated for recurrent ulcer following partial gastrectomy were examined. They all underwent a transthoracic vagotomy. Two patients died during follow-up, one because of a gastro-intestinal bleeding 14 days after operation and one following a psychiatric disorder (vital depression) three months after his second intervention. According to Visick's grading overall results are very good in 89%, moderate in 5.5% and disappointing in 5.5%. These figures indicate that transthoracic vagotomy is the treatment of choice for recurrent ulceration after partial gastrectomy.
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PMID:Transthoracic vagotomy for recurrent peptic ulcer after gastrectomy. An appraisal of fifteen years experience. 70 72

The rigorous neo-Kraepelinean research criteria of the St. Louis/Iowa and Taylor groups were applied to case record data of 116 first admissions of Schneider-negative schizophrenics--that is, those without first-rank symptoms (FRSs)--hospitalized in a strongly Schneider-oriented German University Psychiatric Clinic from 1962 to 1971. This sample had a total of 45.7% (53 cases) of psychiatric illness diagnosable by research methods. Indeed, only 31% (36 cases) of Schneider-negative schizophrenics turned out to have research-positive Kraepelin-oriented schizophrenia; and of these, 21 fulfilled both sets of research criteria for schizophrenia. It is important that 14.6% (17 cases) of Schneider-negative schizophrenia consisted of research-diagnosable affective disorder, with mania making up 5.2% and depression 9.4% of this figure. The findings suggest that a sample of Schneider-oriented schizophrenia without FRSs as routinely diagnosed in Germany does not seem to represent a clear-cut homogeneous and 'uncontaminated' group of schizophrenics.
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PMID:Kraepelin-oriented research-diagnosable schizophrenia, mania, and depression in Schneider-negative schizophrenics. 70 19

An extensive survey of two communities in Western Nigeria, one urban and the other rural, was conducted to find out some characteristics of opinion and knowledge about mental illness among the Yoruba. A questionnaire containing descriptions of four different types of mental illness (simple schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, anxiety neurosis/depression, and alcoholism), was administered to 771 respondents, randomly selected. The description of paranoid schizophrenia was more readily recognized as mental illness than the others. Respondents tended to typify persons who fit the other three descriptions in such terms as "shy," "hot-tempered," "queer," "flirt," and "drunkard." Compared with Asian, Australian, and North American studies, lesser proportions of Nigerian respondents viewed the descriptions as symptomatic of psychiatric disorder. The finding that most respondents are still unaware of the range of symptoms and their significance is particularly striking because the catchment area for this study has had a long exposure to modern psychiatric delivery systems. It is suggested that the heightening of awareness of psychiatric symptoms through nationwide mental health education is essential for the full utilization of mental health services.
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PMID:A comparative study of opinion and knowledge about mental illness in different societies. 71 98

The psychological effects of an injection of methylamphetamine have been measured in 22 drug-free patients with endogenous depressive illness and in 9 patients with other psychiatric illness. A new distinction between the time course of the euphoric and anti-depressant effects is described. The euphoric effects were seen in the first hour after the injection, but the anti-depressant effects were delayed for 1--3 hours and then lasted for as long as 36 hours. These findings are at variance with the noradrenaline depletion hypothesis of depressive illness which (in its simplest form) predicts an immediate alleviation of depression as a result of an immediate rise in the concentration of noradrenaline at central receptor sites.
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PMID:A new distinction between the euphoric and the anti-depressant effects of methylamphetamine. 72 90

Data was obtained by ethnic status from 411 outpatients at a psychiatric clinic in Honolulu, Hawaii, and were then analyzed according to demographic variables, welfare status, source of referral, primary compliants or symptoms, diagnosis, and duration of treatment received. Clinic utilization was highly related to ethnicity, with Caucasians highly over-represented in proportion to the population, and other groups, especially Japanese, being greatly under-represented. The Caucasians were more likely to be self-referred, to have subjective symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to receive a neurotic diagnosis. The Japanese, and to some extent all other groups, were more often referred after a crisis or severe mental illness, displayed more socially disruptive symptoms, and had a higher percentage of schizophrenic diagnoses. Ethnicity was thus highly related to utilization of mental health services; however, once entry into the system was made, review of therapist case loads and analysis of duration of treatment revealed no ethnic difference in the clinic's response to patients.
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PMID:Cultural aspects of psychiatric clinic utilization a cross-cultural study in Hawaii. 74 26

A systematic sample of 200 Sudanese individuals (100 males and 100 females) attending 4 health centres (2 urban and 2 rural) were interviewed, using standardized vignettes and a structured questionnaire, to explore their attitudes to mental illness and the mentally ill people. Information obtained from 183 (91.5%) of the respondents was analysed. Serious mental illness, represented by schizophrenia, was recognized as such by 76 per cent of both the urban and rural population and psychiatric treatment was suggested for it by more than half of them. About one-third of the respondents though of depression as just over-worry. The least recognition, as mental illness, was for alcoholism especially in the rural areas. More rural people than urban opted for religious healing as a method of treatment. Religious factors and people's concept of mental illness seem to influence their tolerance of deviant behaviour.
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PMID:Attitudes of Sudanese urban and rural population to mental illness. 74 70


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