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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 111 women physicians and 103 women PhDs, selected from the general community, were studied for the presence of psychiatric illness. Fifty-one percent of the MDs and 32% of the PhDs were diagnosed as having primary affective disorder (P less than .01). Other psychiatric disorders were found in less than 10% of each group. Depression among the psychiatrists was significantly more common (73%) than among the other physicians (46%). More than 50% of all the women reported prejudice in training or employment, and depressed subjects reported prejudice more often than well subjects. The presence of children and depression were shown to disrupt a woman's professional career. The finding of a high prevalence of affective disorder among women physicians is consistent with the reported excessive suicide risk for this group.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders among professional women. 42 May 38

In a matched retrospective study, 31 patients with hysterical neurosis were compared with 31 with depressive neurosis. There were no significant differences between the groups for siblings' position, medical work, brain disease, poor marriage, frigidity, or family history of psychiatric disorder. Significantly more of the hysterics had a preceding head injury and 29% had a past history of hysteria. By the time of the study 48% had been treated for depression.
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PMID:Hysteria: a case note study. 42 3

28 cases of suicide committed in a Swedish population subjected to repeated psychiatric investigations are described. Two groups of controls were selected from the same population: sex- and age-matched living persons (normal group) and sex-matched persons who had died from organic disease at ages corresponding to those at which the individuals in the suicide group had taken their lives (deceased group). The three groups were compared concerning clinical circumstances regarded to have been of importance for the final suicidal act. Interest was focused on events that had occurred during the year prior to suicide. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 93% of the suicide group, in 60% of the deceased group, and in 32% of the normal group. Depression was the main diagnosis (50%) in the suicide group, organic brain syndrome in decreased and normals. Medical advice was sought more often (75%) by the suicide group than by normal controls (34%) and about equally often as by the deceased control (84%). 10 of the suicide persons with depressive illness had never seen a psychiatrist.
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PMID:Suicide in the Lundby study: a comparative investigation of clinical aspects. 43

The authors present a schema for conceptualizing psychiatric illness in terms of state and trait disorders. These disorders are relatively independent components, one or both of which can be present in one patient. They usually require treatment by different methods. State disorders, such as schizophrenic psychosis, mania, and depression, are time-limited and autonomous and respond better to pharmacological than psychosocial therapy. Trait disorders, such as neurotic and characterological disturbances, are long-lasting and respond better to psychosocial therapies. The authors discuss the implications of this schema for the integration of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments.
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PMID:State and trait in psychiatric practice. 43 48

Confidence in the assignment of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis is of great importance to genetic studies of psychiatric illness. To establish the credibility of a lifetime psychiatric history obtained via a structured interview, two paradigms were constructed to estimate reproducibility of the interview recording process. The first paradigm, simultaneous coding, was used to test comparability of four interviewers independently coding an interview form. Low variance/high reliability was demonstrated. The second paradigm, test-retest, provided for each subject to be interviewed twice, with a mean interim time of 6.7 months (SEM = .39). This paradigm demonstrated high reproducibility of psychiatric diagnosis over time. The overall k value for measurement of diagnostic agreement was .79. Only the diagnostic category of minor depression seemed to evade reliability. It was shown across both paradigms that an interviewer need not be blind (naive to previously held diagnosis) to obtain an unbiased interview. However, it is still recommended that the diagnosis of each interview should be determined by an independent diagnostician.
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PMID:Blindness and reliability in lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. 43 12

This study suggests that patients receiving daily doses of 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent, are at greater risk for developing steroid psychosis. Psychotic reactions were twice as likely to occur during the first 5 days of treatment as subsequently. Premorbid personality, history of previous psychiatric disorder, and a history of previous steroid psychosis did not clearly increase the patient's risk of developing psychotic reaction during any given course of therapy. Steroid psychoses present as spectrum psychoses with symptoms ranging from affective through schizophreniform to those of an organic brain syndrome. No characteristic stable presentation was observed in these 14 cases reported here. The most prominent symptom constellation to appear some time during the course of the illness consisted of emotional lability, anxiety, distractibility, pressured speech, sensory flooding, insomnia, depression, perplexity, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, intermittent memory impairment, mutism, disturbances of body image, delusions, apathy, and hypomania. Phenothiazines administered in average daily doses of 212 mg produced excellent response in all patients studied. Of particular note was the fact that tricyclic antidepressants produced an exacerbation or worsening of the clinical state in all patients to whom they were administered.
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PMID:Presentation of the steroid psychoses. 43 94

A critical factor in the successful or unsuccessful life adjustment of the badly burned patient is his family's reaction to this chronic problem, its ability to support him, and to help him pursue the long course of treatment and its many associated problems, and to also help him navigate the social world into which he must go. The high incidence of emotional disturbance in families sustaining burn injuries makes it vital to deal effectively and in a sustained manner to assess the types of emotional disturbances which exist in these families and to see how they influence the responses to the injuries and to the long and arduous treatments that follow. Different patterns of adaptation occur, some much related to economic class and special types of psychiatric disorder in the family. Some reactions of chronic grief and intermittent helplessness and hopelessness may transcent all groups, but the ability to follow through in later care varies enormously, and is correlated with the overt depression of the mother. Several types of reaction are epitomized in the cases presented, along with directives for their management, and the interplay of social, somatic, and psychological factors which lead to these patterns will be delineated.
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PMID:Rehabilitating families with burned children. 45 67

Depressions occurring in the menopausal years do not fit the description in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 2. Depressed patients who are in the menopausal years do not have a distinct symptom pattern, an absence of previous episodes, or an absence of life-stress precipitants. The evidence thus far supports the decision to exclude involutional melancholia, as currently defined, from the forthcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3.
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PMID:The myth of involutional melancholia. 45 64

Morning and evening plasma cortisol levels were checked in 123 consecutively newly admitted psychiatric patients with a variety of diagnoses. Questions asked were whether there were differences among groups with more severe illness, type of depression, alcohol abuse, or particular symptoms. Morning cortisol elevation was found in 33% of patients and was not associated with any particular diagnostic category. Evening cortisol elevation occurred in 85% of the subjects. It was significantly higher in those with unipolar depression and organic brain syndrome, also in those patients who abused alcohol regardless of diagnosis. Evening cortisol elevation was twice as common in patients with diagnoses of more severe psychiatric illness than in those with minor disorders. Further study is suggested to see if these patterns of cortisol elevation are sustained beyond the stress-of-admission period.
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PMID:Plasma cortisol levels in depression and other psychiatric disorders: a study of newly admitted psychiatric patients. 48 67

During the year 1975 clinical interviews are obtained on all patients referred to the East Providence Community Mental Health Clinic for diagnosis and treatment. Data was obtained as to the presence or absence of a family history of similar mental illness. A hypothesis was tested that those patients with a family history of mental illness similar to that of the patient, were more likely to be welfare dependent. Correlations between patients with a positive family history of either schizophrenia or depression and welfare dependence were highly significant within social class 5 (unskilled laborers). However, these same correlations were negative within social class 4 (working class). The positive correlations suggest the possibility that the major mental illnesses are important factors in the need for welfare.
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PMID:The family history of mental illness and welfare dependence. 58 Feb 82


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