Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reticuloendothelial (RE) phagocytic function and plasma fibronectin are altered early after trauma and during septic shock. Since fibronectin-coated particles will tend to aggregate if not efficiently phagocytized, we hypothesized that elevated fibronectin levels during hepatic and/or splenic RE depression could potentiate the lung deposition of blood-borne foreign microparticles. To evaluate this concept, we measured plasma fibronectin, hepatic RE function, and tissue deposition of blood-borne colloids in rats after they were injected with nonbacterial and bacterial particulates. Rats were injected intravenously with gelatin-coated colloids (50 mg/100 gm) to simulate blood-borne collagenous tissue debris after trauma, or with live Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 X 10(9)/rat) to simulate bacterial entrance into the blood with sepsis, or with both to simulate sepsis after trauma. Phagocytic function was evaluated by liver and spleen uptake of gelatinized 125I RE test emulsion. Fibronectin was quantified by electroimmunoassay. There was an acute 60-80% decrease in plasma fibronectin 2 hr following either colloid or colloid coupled with bacterial infusion. Bacterial infusion alone elicited only a mild 20% decrease in fibronectin by 2 hr. By 24 hr, restoration of fibronectin levels was observed in all groups with hyperfibronectinemia observed in animals challenged with Pseudomonas. Following colloid alone, liver uptake of the RE test particle was acutely depressed at 2 hr in association with an acute depletion of fibronectin, but at 24 hr the RE depression persisted even with normalization of fibronectin. In contrast, with only bacteremia, the rebound elevation of fibronectin was associated with increased hepatic RE function. In rats given both colloid and Pseudomonas, the hyperfibronectinemia (60-100% above controls) at 24 hr coexisted with inadequate liver phagocytic uptake ability. This resulted in a significant 20-fold (P less than 0.05) increment in lung localization of the blood-borne test microparticles. Thus, hyperfibronectinemia without a parallel increase in liver phagocytic ingestive ability may actually enhance lung localization of blood-borne microparticles, which have a high affinity for fibronectin.
 ...
PMID:Comparative effect of circulating bacterial or nonbacterial particulates on plasma fibronectin: relationship to lung deposition of blood-borne foreign particles. 374 38

Infection often complicates renal failure and frequently causes death, but the association between renal failure, impaired immunity and infection has not been proved. A recent study showed that patients on dialysis did not show an expected leucocytic response to infection, suggesting that the blunted response was evidence of the immunocompromised state of the uraemic patient. In this study, the relationship between leucocytic responses and infectious challenge was investigated in an animal model of chronic renal failure. Bacteraemia, peritonitis and a chronic lung infection were induced in normal and uraemic rats; the leucocytic response was then monitored. In all three infections, the total white blood cell response was significantly less in the uraemic animals. Neutrophil numbers actually increased, but this response was disguised by a pronounced depression in lymphocyte numbers. Our conclusion is that, although the leucocytic response of the uraemic host to infection may be depressed, the changes to individual leucocyte components in the peripheral blood are sufficiently characteristic to provide useful evidence of infection.
 ...
PMID:Host immune status in uraemia. VI. Leucocytic response to bacterial infection in chronic renal failure. 388 87

Previous work has demonstrated that in vivo hepatic macrophage complement receptor clearance function is depressed following thermal injury. The present study was carried out to determine if complement receptor function depression is associated with other states of depressed host defense. Hepatic complement receptor clearance function was determined from the hepatic uptake of rat erythrocytes coated with antierythrocyte IgM (EIgM) in rats. Receptor function was determined following cannulation of a carotid artery, laparotomy plus enterotomy, hemorrhagic shock, trauma, thermal injury, acute bacteremia, acute endotoxemia, and injection of erythrocyte stroma, gelatinized lipid emulsion, or colloidal carbon. Hepatic uptake of EIgM was depressed following each of these experimental interventions except arterial cannulation. This effect was shown not to be due to a decrease in hepatic blood flow or depletion of complement and was therefore due to a depression in hepatic macrophage complement receptor clearance function. Thus, impairment of hepatic macrophage complement receptor function is associated with several states of depressed host defense.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic macrophage complement receptor clearance function following injury. 395 Dec 17

The skeleton of a middle-aged female showing an unusual pattern of congenital, traumatic, and degenerative pathology was recovered from a small Kayenta Anasazi site located near the confluence of Bright Angel Creek with the Colorado River in the Inner Gorge of Grand Canyon. The atlas is fused with the base of the skull and C2 is fused with C3. The cervical region was subjected to hyperextension, perhaps through use of a tumpline, with resultant reduction of the neural canal to 8 mm, a condition that quite likely led to neurological problems. The skeleton also includes a depression fracture of the lateral condyle of the left tibia. Complete, bilateral spondylolysis of L5 led to an olisthesis of approximately 15 mm. The disc between L5 and S1 then ossified, most likely from staphylococcus bacteremia, making the olisthesis permanent and thereby creating a unique arachaeological specimen. Although spondylolysis is usually viewed as a stress fracture, the general pattern of pathology in this individual makes it necessary to consider an etiology of acute trauma.
 ...
PMID:Atlanto-occipital fusion and spondylolisthesis in an Anasazi skeleton from Bright Angel Ruin, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. 406 91

Various cellular responses to skin infections in an experimental animal model were explored. Total leukocyte counts varied after group A streptococcal infections, but a depression was commonly seen after M type 12 impetigo. Staphylococcus aureus infections resulted in moderate leukocytosis. A marked neutrophilia was universal with streptococcal or staphylococcal disease. A positive nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) response appeared 24 hr after infection, reached a peak in 48 hr, and then declined. This occurred in the absence of extensive cellulitis or bacteremia. An increase in the percentage and absolute number of NBT-positive neutrophils occurred. M type 57 streptococcus produced a more strongly positive NBT test than did M type 12. Cell-free filtrates of a broth culture of M type 57 streptococcus produced NBT responses in hamsters comparable to the responses seen after injection of live organisms. These studies indicate the usefulness of this animal model to study various parameters of the NBT test.
 ...
PMID:Experimental infection of the skin in the hamster simulating human impetigo. IV. Cellular responses after streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. 411 85

Acute bacteremia in sheep caused a surge of plasma beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin (beta-EP/beta-LPH) associated with shivering behavior, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hemoconcentration, and decreased respiration rate. The surge of plasma beta-EP/beta-LPH was immediately followed by increases (P less than 0.05) in plasma prolactin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations and a depression (P less than 0.05) of plasma luteinizing hormone. These changes in pituitary hormone release were consistent with opioid-induced changes described in the literature. To examine possible opioid mediation, naloxone (2.5 mg X kg-1 X h-1) was continuously infused intravenously from 3 h before to 3 h after induction of an E. coli bacteremia. With the exception of plasma GH, naloxone failed to alter any of the hormonal or clinical parameters associated with bacteremia. For plasma GH, naloxone delayed (P less than 0.01) the increase but did not attenuate its magnitude, suggesting that an opioid mechanism may influence the timing of the pituitary GH release resulting from bacteremia. In general, opioid mechanisms sensitive to the present dosage of naloxone do not appear to mediate bacteremia-induced changes in hormonal or clinical parameters.
 ...
PMID:Bacteremia-induced changes in pituitary hormone release and effect of naloxone. 609 78

Previous data from our laboratory have demonstrated that glucan administration significantly alters the course of a variety of experimentally induced infectious diseases. In view of the increasing incidence of gram-negative infections, studies were initiated to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal glucan therapy on Escherichia coli-induced peritonitis and sepsis. Male ICR/Tex mice were injected intraperitoneally with glucan or dextrose on days 5 and 3 prior to intraperitoneal challenge with 1.0 x 10(8) E. coli. Glucan administration resulted in a significant enhancement of survival. Evaluation of the mechanism of protective action of glucan revealed that both the glucan and dextrose control groups showed an equivalent level of blood-borne E. coli at early periods. At 6 hours after challenge the glucan group showed a significant decrease in blood-borne E. coli. In contrast, the dextrose control group demonstrated progressive bacteremia. A significant depression of phagocytic activity occurred in E. coli-infected mice as compared with control mice that were not exposed to the bacterial challenge. The enhancement in phagocytic function observed in glucan-treated control mice was unaltered in E. coli challenged, glucan-treated mice. The possible importance of hyperfunctional macrophages in reduction of mortality from E. coli sepsis was denoted by methyl palmitate-induced reversal of the glucan hyperfunctional state. Methyl palmitate-treated glucan injected mice were not protected against E. coli infection. These data denote that the intraperitoneal administration of glucan significantly modifies the course of E. coli-induced peritonitis and bacteremia due, in part, to glucan-induced enhancement of macrophage function.
 ...
PMID:Immunotherapeutic modification of Escherichia coli--induced experimental peritonitis and bacteremia by glucan. 633 16

The specific changes in gastric blood flow during sepsis are controversial. Previous investigations of intragastric blood flow using endotoxin models revealed decreased total gastric blood flow and decreased gastric mucosal blood flow. Endotoxin models are now thought to be inadequate due to the accompanying depression of the systemic circulation. More recently, increased gastric blood flow has been demonstrated in a septic hindlimb model. To further elucidate the changes in intragastric blood flow in sepsis, the gastric mucosal and nonmucosal blood flow were measured in the antrum and corpus of pig stomachs before and after the onset of sepsis. Increased gastric mucosal blood flow was demonstrated in both the antrum and corpus 15 minutes after the onset of E. coli bacteremia. By 75 minutes postonset, the changes were not significant, which implied partial recovery. Clinically, gastric mucosal ulcers may accompany the multiple organ system failure of sepsis. These data suggest that mucosal ischemia is not an etiologic factor as previously postulated from experiments with endotoxin.
 ...
PMID:Gastric mucosal blood flow and Escherichia coli bacteremia. 634 May 45

Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a continuous 5-h intravenous infusion of live Escherichia coli were studied in rats. Control animals were infused with saline. Rats infused with 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(10) bacteria/h did not survive a 5-h infusion. These animals developed early hypotension and reduced cardiac output (CO) measured by thermal dilution technique. Rats infused with 8.0 +/- 0.4 X 10(9) bacteria/h survived a 5-h infusion with hypotension and reduced CO occurring later in the course of bacteremia. Heart rate was markedly elevated in both septic groups. Arterial blood gas measurements revealed that partial pressure of O2 was not affected by bacteremia, but partial pressure of CO2 was significantly decreased. Arterial pH remained within the normal range indicating respiratory compensation of a metabolic acidosis. Since hypotension and reduced CO were accompanied by a fall in right atrial pressure (RAP) during bacteremia, a third septic group was studied to evaluate cardiac performance during volume loading. After 3-5 h of bacteremia, a 40% reduction in CO was associated with a significant drop in arterial pressure and RAP. Despite volume loading, ventricular stroke work and arterial pressure were significantly reduced compared with control animals. The results indicate that severe gram-negative bacteremia produces myocardial depression in the rat. This model can be useful for further studies of cardiac dysfunction during sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Cardiopulmonary response of the rat to gram-negative bacteremia. 636 87

Comparative hemodynamic measurements recorded in 19 cases of septic shock associated with Neisseria meningitidis bacteremia and in 20 shock cases associated with bacteremia due to other Gram-negative bacilli showed a significantly higher incidence of early myocardial depression in the cases with meningococcal infection. Echocardiographic, ECG, and serum enzyme (CK-MB isoenzyme) studies closely correlated with impaired myocardial contractility and development of cardiogenic shock in patients with meningococcal bacteremia. Autopsy of the heart from three patients who succumbed to shock confirmed the presence of myocarditis with intracellular Gram-negative diplococci. Our observations suggest that the onset of cardiac dysfunction precedes clinical manifestations of shock.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial depression in septic shock caused by meningococcal infection. 643 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>