Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine patients with coronary atherosclerosis (according to the results of selective angiography), whose ages ranged from 29 to 59 years, were examined. Comparison with the results of ECG at rest and the findings of coronarography showed no changes in the QRS complex in 16% of patients with lesions of two and in 10% of those with obstructive changes in three main coronary artery. Displacement of the ST segment as a sign of myocardial ischemia during physical exercise tests in leads V5--V6 of the ECG coincided with obstructive lesions of the left coronary artery in 91% of cases. Patients suffering from obstructive lesions of the right coronary artery with or without atherosclerotic changes in the left coronary artery reacted by depression of the ST segment in the II, III, and aVF leads of the ECS. The authors suggest that there exists a mechanism of "intracoronary steal" of perfusion blood supply when the ischemic changes on the ECG do not coincide with the localization of coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Electrocardiographic criteria of probable localization of coronary arteriosclerosis]. 720 48

The diagnostic test with dipyridamol was carried out in 83 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cardialgias of various genesis, with diagnosis verified by coronarography and veloergometry. IHD patients after dipyridamol had angina pectoris attacks with or without ischaemic changes on ECG, which points to latent coronary insufficiency. The appearance of an anginal attack with the depression of the ST segment is typical of IHD with stenosing coronary atherosclerosis, as a rule, with developed collateral vessels. As to sensitivity and specificity in detecting IHD the dipyridamol test is equal to the bicycle ergometry tests. With the results of both tests considered the frequency rate of detection of IHD is increased. The dipyridamol test is recommended for diagnosis of IHD in therapeutic and cardiological hospitals.
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PMID:[Value of dipyridamole test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. 730 Jan 2

The effect of acute inhalation of cigarette smoke and consumption of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoprotein composition in atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau pigeons was examined. Pigeons were assigned to four treatment groups: 1) Controls fed a chow diet ad libitum and retained in their cages throughout the study; 2) Sham pigeons fed a cholesterol-saturated fat diet and exposed to fresh air by the Lorillard smoking machine; 3) Low nicotine-low carbon monoxide (LoLo) animals also fed the cholesterol diet and exposed to low concentrations of these cigarette smoke products; and 4) High nicotine-high carbon monoxide (HiHi) birds fed the cholesterol diet and subjected to high concentrations of these inhalants. Plasma very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Smoke-related differences appeared in HiHi HDL which contained relatively more free and esterified cholesterol and total lipid, but relatively and absolutely less total protein than HDL from Sham-smoked pigeons. Similarly, VLDL from birds exposed to cigarette smoke (LoLo and HiHi) contained relatively more total lipid, but less total protein than VLDL from Sham pigeons. Inhalation of tobacco smoke also produced a marked depression in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio resulting from an increased proportion of the HDL3 subfraction relative to HDL2. Pigeons (Sham, LoLo, HiHi) fed the cholesterol-saturated fat diet circulated HDL with greater free and esterified cholesterol mass than Controls. VLDL particles from these three treatment groups were relatively enriched with cholesterol and cholesteryl ester at the expense of triglyceride. Diet also altered the type of cholesteryl ester present in HDL with cholesteryl linoleate representing the predominant form in Control pigeons and cholesteryl oleate in cholesterol-fed birds. These results demonstrate that cigarette smoking can mediate alterations in lipoprotein composition independent of changes induced by dietary cholesterol and saturated fat.
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PMID:Effect of cigarette smoke and dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoprotein composition. 731 79

There is increasing evidence to suggest that the administration of estrogens to menopausal and postmenopausal women may have minimal, if any, beneficial effects, and may have some adverse consequences. 3 possible indications for use of estrogens are examined: treatment of vasomotor systems; prevention of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease; and prevention of osteoporosis. Few data exist to support the use of estrogens in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and various nonspecific symptoms. Although estrogens appear to be useful for the vasomotor symptoms, this indication is of relatively short duration. The estrogens should not be continued indefinitely to delay atherosclerosis. The longterm use of estrogens for prevention of osteoporosis is controversial. If given, the minimal effective dose should be used, and efficacy should be determined by sensitive and objective means such as photon-absorption bone density studies. Uterine cytologic exams and prompt investigation of vaginal bleeding are requirements for women who have not had hysterectomies.
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PMID:Estrogen therapy during menopause. 736 81

Sixteen adult patients with S-T segment elevation in their resting electrocardiograms characteristic of early repolarization variant (ERV) and chest pain syndromes of possible myocardial ischemia were evaluated with both treadmill exercise electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. Of 14 patients with normal coronary arteriograms, 13 had their resting S-T elevation return ("normalize") to the isoelectric baseline with physical exercise, while one patient with normal arteriograms and normal left ventricular contractility but moderately elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of unknown etiology developed significant S-T depression with exercise. Two patients with significant coronary atherosclerotic occlusive lesions developed "ischemic" S-T depression during treadmill testing. Symptoms developed during treadmill exercise did not distinguish patients with coronary artery disease from those without. Thus, while ERV at rest may be "normalized" by graded physical exercise in the absence of significant coronary atherosclerosis, the presence of ERV does not prevent the usual electrocardiographic manifestations of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:The influence of early repolarization variant on the exercise electrocardiogram: a correlation with coronary arteriograms. 737 96

Case histories of 900 patients suffering from cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed. In 25 of them (2.8%) the disease got complicated with epileptic seizures. In 142 albino rats over 2 years of the age, both "sensitive" and "insensitive" to acoustic stimuli experimental atherosclerosis was induced by their long-time (for 3 to 5 months) keeping on Wilgram's atherogenic diet. As a result of the experiment it has been found that the atherogenic diet was conducive to development of hypercholesterolemia and depression of the blood anticoagulation system. As early as a month after the beginning of the diet application substantial shifts in the function of the central nervous system set in. These shifts were characterized by a shortening of the latent period of the reaction and the seizure and an intensification of the latter. The atherogenic diet led to development of audiogenic seizures in rats formerly insensitive to acoustic stimuli. Transfer of the animals to a cholesterol-free ration resulted in normalization of the blood anticoagulation system in 2 to 3 months. Within the same period the basic indices of the audiogenic reaction got normal, and the intensity of the epileptic seizures decreased.
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PMID:[Epileptic seizures in experimental atherosclerosis]. 741 9

Magnesium--aluminum (Mg--Al) alloy wire was surgically implanted in the abdominal aorta and carotid and renal arteries of virgin (no arterial disease) and breeder (testicular and ovarian arterial lesions) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The Mg--Al implants promptly dissolved causing increased adrenal glandular weight, thymic involution, depression of the abnormally elevated blood pressure, and poor growth. Serum enzymes (CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH) were elevated, circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced, corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone secretion increased. Histologically, fibrocellular, intimal lesions, rich in ground substance, developed about the Mg-Al implants. Occlusive thromboses with cholesterol-positive clefts appeared in the Mg-Al-implanted carotid arteries of breeder SHR with preexisting arterial (limited to gonadal arterioles) disease. It is suggested that adrenocortical and gonadal hormonal factors may condition the responsiveness of the arterial wall of SHR to injury and repair.
Atherosclerosis 1980 Aug
PMID:Pathophysiologic responses of spontaneously hypertensive rats to arterial magnesium--aluminum wire implants. 741 74

Atherosclerotic plaque with central depression (depressed lesion) was firstly proposed in our previous report as one of the morphological features of regressed lesions, which was characterized by the presence of isolated, well defined lesions with a centrally depressed area and smooth surface. They were obviously different from atherosclerotic plaques with ulceration (ulcerated plaques) in elderly autopsy cases. In this study, 30 ulcerated plaques obtained from specimens of the elderly aortas were histologically and immunohistochemically investigated to clarify the morphogenesis of the depressed lesion and its correlation to the ulcerated plaque. These depressed lesions were divided into 4 groups according to their derivation; (a) fused lesion of multiple fibrous plaques, (b) regressing lesion of plaques, (c) healed ulcerated plaques, and (d) mixed type of these lesions. Regeneration of endothelial cell was noted in the peripheral zone of ulcerated plaques, and collagen type IV was also increased in the stroma of these ulcerated plaques. These were healed ulcerated plaques. The ulcerated plaques with complete restoration of endothelial cells on the ulcerated surface may become atherosclerotic plaques with central depression. These lesions are one of the histological features of regression in advanced atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Study of atherosclerosis regression in the elderly--central depression and its correlation to ulcerated plaques]. 750 May 54

1. The primary mechanism of activation of baroreceptors is mechanical deformation during vascular stretch. In addition, baroreceptor activity is modulated by ionic mechanisms and by neurohumoral and paracrine factors that act directly on the nerve endings. 2. Ionic mechanisms play a major role in causing baroreceptor activity to decline during a sustained increase in arterial pressure (adaptation) and in the suppression of activity that occurs after pressure returns to basal levels (post-excitatory depression). Activation of a 4-aminopyridine-sensitive K+ channel contributes to adaptation, whereas activation of an electrogenic sodium pump is responsible for post-excitatory depression. 3. Factors released from vascular endothelium exert powerful effects on baroreceptor sensitivity. Prostacyclin increases baroreceptor sensitivity and contributes to baroreceptor activation during vascular stretch. Nitric oxide, endothelin and oxygen-derived free radicals suppress baroreceptor activity particularly at high levels of arterial pressure. The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine modulates baroreceptor activity: a) indirectly through its vasoconstrictor action, b) directly by binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors on the nerve endings, and c)through release of a cyclooxygenase metabolite, possibly prostacyclin, from endothelium. 4. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to baroreceptor impairment in atherosclerosis and in chronic hypertension. Loss of the excitatory influence of prostacyclin and increased formation of free radicals and possibly endothelin contribute to the baroreceptor dysfunction. Platelets aggregating at sites of endothelial damage in the carotid sinus release a stable diffusible factor that impairs baroreceptor sensitivity. 5. Therapeutic interventions may alter baroreceptor sensitivity through paracrine mechanisms. Treatment of hypertension or atherosclerosis may improve baroreceptor sensitivity by restoring endothelial function. Antiplatelet agents may enhance baroreceptor sensitivity. Antidepressant agents may decrease baroreceptor sensitivity by inhibiting prostacyclin and/or stimulating nitric oxide formation, which may contribute to dysregulation of the circulation in patients treated for depression.
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PMID:Modulation of baroreceptor activity by ionic and paracrine mechanisms: an overview. 752 78

Depression is a psychiatric syndrome seen in about 1-2% of elderly patients. When depression is seen for the first time late in life, genetic and psychosocial factors appear to be less important. Structural changes in the brain appear to be more important. In this paper the author presents the concept of arteriosclerotic depression and relates the occurrence of structural changes in the brain to atherosclerosis and the structural changes to the occurrence of depression. Evidence in support of this concept is presented.
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PMID:Arteriosclerotic depression. 759 3


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